Igebe Ledatha Lonyaka Owodwa: Indlela Izinzwa Zezinga Elingaphansi Kwe-GPRS Ezizenzakalela Ngayo Ukuqapha Amanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba Esikhathini Se-SGMA saseCalifornia

Umthetho Wokuphathwa Kwamanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba waseCalifornia (i-SGMA) ushintshe indlela izinhlangano zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezicabanga ngayo ngokuqapha.

Umgomo akukhona nje ukwazi ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajule kangakanani namuhla.

Umbuzo omkhulu uthi:

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ashintsha kanjani phakathi kokulinganiswa—futhi ingabe lolo shintsho lungatholakala kusenesikhathi ukuze kusekelwe ukuphathwa okusimeme?

UMnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi waseCalifornia (DWR) ukhombaIzitsha zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezingu-94 ezisezingeni eliphakathi neliphezulu kanye nezitsha zangaphansi komhlabakuncike ezidingweni ze-SGMA, okuhlanganisaIzitsha ezingu-21 ezigcwele amanzi ngokweqileLezi zindawo zimelela ingxenye enkulu yezolimo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba zikahulumeni, inani labantu kanye nokunisela.

I-SGMA idinga izinhlangano zendawo zokusimamisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba (ama-GSA) ukuthi zithuthukise futhi zisebenzise izinhlelo zokusimamisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngenhloso iyonke yokufeza ukusimamisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba zingakapheli iminyaka engama-20.

Lokho kudala isidingo esikhulayo sokuthile okubaluleke kakhulu kunokulinganiswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile:

Yilapho-keIzinzwa zezinga lokucwiliswa kwe-GPRS/4Gingaguqula umthombo wokuqapha wendabuko ube isiteshi sokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba se-IoT ezenzakalelayo.

Ukulinganiswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba okuvamile kuvame ukuncika kakhulu kochwepheshe basensimini abavakashela imithombo yokuqapha futhi baqophe ngesandla ukujula kuya emanzini.

Indlela yokusebenza ilula:

Inkinga akukhona ukuthi ukulinganisa akunembile.

Inkinga iwukuthikwenzekani phakathi kokulinganisa.

Cabanga ngokuqapha okulinganiswa kahle kabili ngonyaka:

Izinga Lamanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba │ │ ● │ │ │ ● │ └───────────────────────────────── Isikhathi Izinyanga Ezi-6

Amaphuzu amabili angabonisa ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayekuphi.

Azibonisi ngempela:

• lapho ukwehla kwaqala khona;
• ukuthi ukwehla kwenzeke ngokushesha kangakanani;
• lapho ingcindezi yokupompa ikhuphuka;
• ukuthi imithombo engomakhelwane yaqala yini ukuphazamisa;
• lapho umkhawulo obalulekile weqa;
• ukuthi kwathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-aquifer ilulame.

Uhlelo lokuqapha oluqhubekayo lushintsha idatha kusuka ku-izithombe zethrendi.

Umehluko awukona nje ukuzenzekela. Kudala uhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwedatha yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Inzwa yezinga lokucwiliswa emanzini kaHonde iklanyelwe ukuguqula umthombo wokuqapha ojwayelekile ube yindawo yokubuka amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezenzakalelayo.

A Inzwa yokucindezela yensimbi engagqwali engu-316Lifakwe ngaphansi kwebanga lamanzi elilindelekile lesizini.

Inzwa ilinganisa ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic bese iyiguqula ibe ulwazi olusezingeni lamanzi.

Kuye ngokucushwa, uhlelo lunganikeza:

Lokhu kwenza kube kufanelekile ku:

Ukuze kuqashwe amanzi angaphansi komhlaba isikhathi eside, inzwa ingase ihlale ingaphansi kwamanzi izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Indlu yensimbi engagqwali engu-316L inikeza indawo eqinile yokubeka izinto endaweni eqhubekayo yokuqapha.

Isiteshi sokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esingandiswa singahlukaniswa sibe yizingqimba ezintathu.

Inzwa yokucindezela engaphansi komhlaba ifakwe ekujuleni okuqinile ngaphakathi komthombo wokuqapha.

Ihlala ilinganisa ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic futhi ibala izinga lamanzi elihambisanayo.

A iloga yedatha enesikriniingabonisa:

• Izinga lamanzi lamanje
• Umkhuba womlando
• Isimo sebhethri
• Isimo sokuxhumana
• Isimo senzwa

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwensimu okuhleliwe, ochwepheshe bangasebenzisaItheyiphu yesandla/ye-elekthronikhi esezingeni lamanziukwenza ukuqinisekiswa kwereferensi.

I-sensor noma i-data logger ingadlulisela idatha yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngezinketho eziningi zokuxhumana.

Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela ipulatifomu efanayo yezinzwa ukuthi ivumelane namanethiwekhi ahlukene angaphansi komhlaba.

Uma idatha isifikile epulatifomu yamafu, opharetha bangaqapha yonke inethiwekhi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusuka ku-interface eyodwa.

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ UKUQAPHELA AMANZI OMHLABA │ ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Kuhle 01 18.42 m OJWAYELEKILE │ │ Kuhle 02 22.16 m OJWAYELEKILE │ │ Kuhle 03 31.85 m ↓ ISEXWAYISO │ │ Kuhle 04 15.73 m OJWAYELEKILE │ │ Kuhle 05 27.42 m ↓ UKUSHESHA OKUSHESHAYO │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Ipulatifomu ingahlanganisa:

Lokhu kushintsha ukuqapha kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusuka eqoqweni lemithombo ngayinye kuya ku-inethiwekhi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba axhunyiwe.

Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lilodwa lilandisa ingxenye nje yendaba.

Ukuze kulawulwe isomiso,izinga lokushintshakungabaluleka ngokulinganayo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Izinga Lamanzi │ │ ● │ \ │ \ │ \ │ ● │ \ │ ● │ ● ← Ukwehla Okusheshayo │ └──────────────────────────────────── Isikhathi

Ipulatifomu yamafu ingabala:

futhi kuqalise i-alamu lapho ukwehla kudlula umkhawulo ochazwe ngaphambilini.

Lokhu kudala imodeli yokuphatha ethatha isinyathelo ngokushesha:

esikhundleni se:

Lona omunye wemilayezo enamandla kakhulu yokuguqulwa komkhiqizo kulesi sihloko.

Umthombo owodwa wokuqapha ungaba umthombo wedatha yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingu-7 ngesonto, esikhundleni sesithombe esithathwe kabili ngonyaka.

Uhlaka lwe-DWR lwe-SGMA lugcizelela ukuhlela, ukuqapha, ukubika kanye nokuhlola ukusimama kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. I-DWR inikeza amasethi edatha namathuluzi angaphansi komhlaba ngqo ukusekela izinqumo zokuphathwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba okusimeme.

Kwabakwa-GSA kanye nabeluleki babo bezobuchwepheshe, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kunganikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokuqonda:

Umqondo weshadi elilandelayo ubonisa umehluko phakathi kokulinganisa okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo.

Uhlelo olusetshenziswa ngesandla:uyazi izinga lamanzi ngemizuzwana emibili.

Uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo:ubona yonke indlela.

Inzwa ngokwayo iyisakhi sokuqala kuphela.

Ngomsebenzi wobungcweti wokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, i-Honde ingahlanganisa izingxenye eziningi zibe yisisombululo esisodwa.

UKUQAPHA KAHLE │ ▼ ┌──────────────────────┐ │ Izinga Elingaphansi Komhlaba │ │ Inzwa │ └─────────┬───────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────┐ │ I-Data Logger + LCD │ └─────────┬────────┘ │ ┌───────┴────┐ ▼ ▼ 4G/GPRS LoRaWAN │ │ └──────┬────┘ ▼ Ipulatifomu Yamafu │ ┌────────┼───────┐ ▼ ▼ ▼ I-alamu Yomlando Wedeshibhodi

Kuma-ejensi angaphansi komhlaba aphatha imithombo eminingi noma engamakhulu yokuqapha, ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi kuba yingxenye ebalulekile yendaba yebhizinisi.

Esikhundleni sokuthumela ochwepheshe kuwo wonke umthombo ukuze balinganise konke:

Ithimba lasensimini lingagxila emithonjeni edinga ukunakwa ngempela.

Ukuzenzakalela akukususi ukuqinisekiswa kwensimu. Kwenza ukuqinisekiswa kwensimu kube okuhlakaniphile.

Imithombo eminingi yokuqapha itholakala kude namahhovisi, ingqalasizinda kagesi kanye nokuxhumana okuthembekile.

Yingakho uhlelo lungalungiselelwa nge:

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zezolimo kanye nezindawo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lapho izindawo zokuqapha zingasatshalaliswa khona kabanzi.

Ithuba lidlulela ngale kweCalifornia.

Imfuneko evamile iya ngokuya icaca:

Ukulinganisa okuthembekile okucwiliswa emanzini + i-telemetry ekude + ukuphathwa kwedatha okuhlanganisiwe.

Kwabasabalalisi, izinkampani zobunjiniyela bezemvelo kanye nabahlanganisi bezinhlelo, ukuthengisa inzwa yokucindezela kuphela kudala inani elilinganiselwe lephrojekthi.

Isiphakamiso esinamandla kakhulu yilesi:

Lokhu kuvumela indawo eyodwa yokuqapha ukuthi ibe yi-node ephelele ye-IoT.

Futhi inethiwekhi yemithombo engama-50, eyi-100 noma engama-500 iba yindawo yokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engandiswa.

Ikusasa lokuphathwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba alikho nje ngokuqoqa izilinganiso ezengeziwe.

Kumayelana nokuqoqaidatha engcono ngesikhathi esifanele.

Umthombo wokuqapha ojwayelekile unikeza ukufunda.

Umthombo wokuqapha ozenzakalelayo ungahlinzeka:

Ndawonye, ​​la makhono aguqula indawo yokuqapha engenzi lutho ibe yindawo yokuphatha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esebenzayo.

Uhlaka lwe-SGMA lwaseCalifornia lwenze ukuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kwaba yinto eza kuqala ekuphathweni kwesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi emigodini ebaluleke kakhulu nephakathi nendawo kanye nasezindaweni ezigcwele amanzi ngokweqile. Ukubekwa phambili kwemigodini kwamanje kwe-DWR kukhombaIzitsha/izitsha ezincane ezingu-94 eziphakathi nendawo nezibaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izitsha ezingu-21 ezigcwele amanzi ngokweqile.

Kula manethiwekhi, isinyathelo esilandelayo akusikho ngempela ukulinganisa ngesandla.

Ikonaidatha eqhubekayo, exhunyiwe futhi elandelekayo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Inzwa yezinga elingaphansi komhlaba ye-Honde inganikeza isisekelo:

I-Honde Technology inikeza izixazululo zokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezihlanganisa:

Ngezinhlelo zokusimama kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuphathwa kwamanzi ezolimo, ukuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu okuqapha imvelo, i-Honde Technology ingenza ngezifiso ububanzi bezinzwa, indlela yokuxhumana, ukujula kokufakwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwamafu ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi.