Ukudilika komhlabathi kuyinhlekelele yemvelo evamile, evame ukubangelwa inhlabathi exegayo, ukushelela kwamadwala nezinye izizathu. Ukudilika komhlabathi akugcini nje ngokubangela ukulimala kanye nokulahlekelwa yimpahla ngqo, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ukudilika komhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekunciphiseni ukwenzeka kwezinhlekelele.
Isidingo sokuqapha izinhlelo zokudilika komhlaba
Ukuvela kokudilika komhlaba kuvame ukubangela ukulimala okukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa yimpahla, futhi kunomthelela omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Izindlela zokuqapha izinhlekelele zendabuko zivame ukusekelwe ekusizeni okuphuthumayo ngemva kokuba kwenzeke izinhlekelele. Le ndlela ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa lapho kwenzeka izinhlekelele, kodwa ingase futhi ikhulise ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokusindiswa kungakabi yisikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka uhlelo lokuqapha ukudilika komhlaba.
Izimiso zobuchwepheshe zokuqapha izinhlelo zokudilika komhlaba
Izimiso zobuchwepheshe zokuqapha izinhlelo zokudilika komhlabathi zifaka phakathi izindlela ezifana nokuqapha ukufuduka kwamatshe nomhlabathi, ukuqapha izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlabathi, ukuqapha imvula, ukuqapha okuqukethwe umswakama wenhlabathi, kanye nokuqapha ukucindezeleka komhlabathi. Lezi zindlela ziqaphela ukuqapha ukudilika komhlabathi ngokubheka izinguquko zobuningi obuphathekayo obuhlobene nokudilika komhlabathi.
Phakathi kwazo, ukuqapha ukufuduka kwamadwala nomhlabathi ukuqonda umkhuba wokushelela kwamadwala nomhlabathi ngokulinganisa ukufuduka kwamadwala nomhlabathi; ukuqapha izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukwahlulela ukuzinza kwamadwala nomhlabathi ngokuqapha ukukhuphuka nokwehla kwezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba; ukuqapha imvula ukuqapha izinguquko emvuleni kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola umthelela wayo ekubhidlikeni komhlabathi; ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi ukulinganisa okuqukethwe umswakama enhlabathini ukuqonda umswakama wenhlabathi; ukuqapha ukucindezeleka kwendawo ukulinganisa ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sokucindezeleka kwendawo ukuze kunqunywe umthelela wayo ethonyeni lomzimba wamadwala nomhlabathi.
Izinyathelo zokufaka uhlelo lokuqapha ukudilika komhlaba
(1) Uphenyo lwasendaweni: Ukuqonda izimo ze-geological, ukuma kwendawo, izimo zezulu, njll. zendawo, bese unquma izindawo namaphuzu okudingeka aqashwe;
(2) Ukukhethwa kwemishini: Ngokuya ngezidingo zokuqapha, khetha imishini yokuqapha efanele, okuhlanganisa izinzwa, abaqoqi bedatha, imishini yokudlulisa, njll.;
(3) Ukufakwa kwemishini: Faka izinzwa kanye nabaqoqi bedatha ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ingasebenza kahle nangokuthembekile;
(4) Ukudluliswa kwedatha: ukudlulisa idatha yokuqapha ngesikhathi esifanele esikhungweni sedatha noma esikhungweni sokuqapha ngemishini yokudlulisa;
(5) Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha: Kucutshungulwa futhi kuhlaziywe idatha eqoqwe, kukhishwe ulwazi oluwusizo, futhi kuqondwe izitayela ezishintshashintshayo zokudilika komhlaba ngesikhathi esifanele.
Amathemba okusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ukudilika komhlaba
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ukudilika komhlaba aya ngokuya eba banzi. Esikhathini esizayo, izinhlelo zokuqapha ukudilika komhlaba zizothuthuka ngendlela ehlakaniphile, ecwengekile, futhi exhumene. Kubonakaliswa ngokukhethekile kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
(1) Thuthukisa ukunemba kokuqapha: Sebenzisa izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqoqwa kwedatha ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba kanye nokuxazululwa kwedatha yokuqapha ukuze sikwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile futhi sahlulele ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka kokuwa komhlaba.
(2) Ukuqinisa ukuhlaziywa kwedatha: Ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwenani elikhulu ledatha yokuqapha, ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu lungatholakala ukuze lunikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokwenza izinqumo futhi lunciphise ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa lapho kwenzeka izinhlekelele.
(3) Ukufinyelela ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yemithombo eminingi: ukuhlanganisa idatha etholwe ngezindlela eziningi zokuqapha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda nokuqonda ukudilika komhlaba futhi kuhlinzekwe ngezindlela ezisebenza kahle zokuvimbela nokulawula inhlekelele.
(4) Ukuqapha kude kanye nokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi: Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-inthanethi kanye ne-inthanethi yezinto ukuze uqaphele ukuqapha kude kanye nokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, okwenza ukuvimbela nokulawula izinhlekelele kusebenze kahle, ngesikhathi, futhi kube nembaba.
Ngamafuphi, ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ukudilika komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekunciphiseni ukwenzeka kwezinhlekelele zokudilika komhlaba. Kufanele siwubheke njengobaluleke kakhulu lo msebenzi, siqinise ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhuthazwa, futhi senze iminikelo emikhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla yabo.
♦ I-PH
♦ EC
♦ I-TDS
♦ Izinga lokushisa
♦ I-TOC
♦ ISIBILI
♦ I-COD
♦ Ukuguquguquka
♦ I-oxygen encibilikisiwe
♦ I-chlorine esele
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-11-2023