1. Isingeniso: Izinselele Eziyingqayizivele Zemifula Emincane Nephakathi
Eminyakeni yami eyi-15 yokuklama amanethiwekhi okuqapha imvelo, ngithole ukuthi izigodi zemifula ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ziphakathi kwezindawo ezinzima kakhulu ukuzilawula. Lezi zinhlelo ziyaziwa ngokuguquguqukayo; ngokungafani nemifula emikhulu esabela kancane emvuleni, izigodi ezincane zingaguquka zisuke esimweni esizinzile ziye esikhukhuleni esisongela ukuphila ngemizuzu embalwa.
Ukulinganisa okusekelwe ekuthinteni kwendabuko—okuncike kuma-transducer okucindezela okucwiliswe emanzini noma ama-rotor omshini—akufanelekele ngokuphelele lezi zimo. Ngesikhathi sesehlakalo sezikhukhula, lawa mabhodwe abonisa ukugeleza okunamandla okuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu futhi athwala amazinga abalulekile emfucumfucu entantayo, izingodo, kanye nenhlabathi. Izimo ezinjalo zivame ukuholela ekukhukhuleni kwenzwa, ukuvaleka, noma ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwemishini ecwiliswe emanzini lapho idatha ibaluleke kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-radar obungathintani, ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwe-RD-600, buvele njengendinganiso yobungcweti. Ngokulinganisa sisuka ngaphezu kwamanzi, sisusa ingozi ebonakalayo kwihadiwe futhi siqinisekisa ukuthembeka "kwenetha lokuphepha" lesixwayiso sokuqala.
2. Isixazululo Esiyinhloko: Ukulinganisa Ukugeleza Kwe-Radar Okungathintani
I-RD-600 radar flowmeter isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezuluI-Planar Microstrip Array AntennaukuqashaI-CW + i-PCRUbuchwepheshe be-(Continuous Wave and Pulse Coherent Radar). Le ndlela ekabili ivumela ukulinganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngokunemba okuphezulu kokubili ijubane lobuso kanye nezinga lamanzi ngaphandle kokushintsha izimo zomngcele we-hydraulic womfula noma isiteshi.
Indlela kanye Nezimiso
- Ukulinganisa Ijubane:Uhlelo lusebenzisa isimiso se-Doppler ukuze lubambe ijubane lobuso. Isignali engu-24GHz ikhishwa (amandla ajwayelekile angu-100mW) nge-engeli yokukhishwa kwamagagasi omsakazo angu-12°. Ukushintsha kwemvamisa yesignali yokubuya kunikeza ukufundwa kwejubane lesikhathi sangempela.
- Indlela Yendawo Yesivinini:Ukulinganisa ijubane lobuso kuyisinyathelo sokuqala nje. Ukuze kunikezwe izinga lokugeleza langempela, uhlelo luhlanganisa idatha yalo yezinga lamanzi ukuze kubalwe indawo enqamulayo. I-RD-600 ihlelwe kusengaphambili ngeamafomula okuhlola ukusatshalaliswa kwejubanekuzo zonke iziteshi zejiyometri ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izingxenye eziyindilinga, eziyisikwele, kanye neze-trapezoidal. Lokhu kuvumela imodeli yangaphakathi ye-hydraulic ukuguqula ijubane lobuso libe yijubane elilinganiselwe elibalwe lesigaba sonke.
- Izici Eziqiniswe Insimu:Ngokombono wobunjiniyela, ama-RD-600ukuqashelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwesiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzifuthiukulungiswa kwe-engeli evundlile eyakhelwe ngaphakathizibalulekile. Lezi zici zinciphisa amaphutha okufakwa avamile ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu, ziqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha ngisho nalapho izimo zokufaka zingaphansi kokufaneleka.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Indlela Yokungathintani:
- Ukuphepha Kwengqalasizinda:Njengoba ilenga ngaphezu kwamanzi, inzwa ayithinteki ezingcoleni ezithwalwa yizikhukhula kanye nemiphumela “yezikhukhula” esheshayo.
- Ubuqotho be-Hydraulic:Akukho sithiyo esibekwa emanzini, okuvimbela noma yiluphi ushintsho ezicini zokugeleza noma ukuqongelela kukadoti.
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kokusebenza:Uhlelo lusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu3.5~4.35VDCububanzi. Eziteshini ezikude, ezisebenzisa amandla elanga engivame ukuziklama, lokhu kusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthembeka amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
3. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zesistimu Yesixwayiso Samanzi Nesimo Sezulu
Uhlelo oluqinile lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi aluyona nje inzwa eyodwa; luyi-hardware ehambisanayo eyenzelwe ukuthwebula ubudlelwano be-“Rainfall-Runoff” (降雨-径流).
- Inzwa Yesivinini Se-radar:Njengoba isebenza ku-24GHz, le sensor ibamba ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhukhuleka (洪峰流速) ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka-0.03 kuya ku-20m/s. Ukunemba kwayo okungu-±0.01m/s kanye no-±1%FS kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezinguquko ezincane kakhulu ekugelezeni ziyaqoshwa.
- Inzwa Yezinga Lamanzi Yerada:Isebenzisa imvamisa engu-60GHz ene-engeli encane ye-antenna engu-8° (amandla angu-10mW), le sensor inikeza ibanga lokulinganisa elingamamitha angu-40 ngokunemba okungu-±2mm. Leli zinga lokunemba liyisisekelo sanoma yisiphi isixwayiso sezikhukhula ze-flash.
- Izinzwa Zemvula (Ibhakede Elinikeza Imvula):Sisebenzisa ibhakede ledijithali eligoqekayo lensimbi engagqwali eline-caliber engu-210mm. Idizayini yalo ehlelekile ye-3D yenzelwe ngqo ukuzihlanza nokumelana nothuli, ikhipha idatha ngephrothokholi ejwayelekile ye-MODBUS-RTU.
- Ukuhlaziywa Kokubikezela:Ngokuhlanganisa idatha yemvula nokugeleza kwesikhathi sangempela, singahlaziya ubudlelwano bemvula nokugeleza kwamanzi. Lokhu kuhilela ukubala "isikhathi sokulibala" phakathi kwesehlakalo semvula nokufika kwenani elikhulu lezikhukhula. Ngokuqonda umswakama wangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nobukhulu bemvula, uhlelo lubikezela imingcele ebalulekile, lunikeza iziphathimandla ithuba elikhulu lokuphuma kanye nokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
4. Ukwandisa Ububanzi: Umthwalo Wemvelo kanye Nokugeleza Kokungcola
Ukuphathwa kwemifula yesimanje kuthuthuke ngale kokuvimbela izinhlekelele; manje sigxile ngokulinganayo ekuphepheni kwemvelo. Ngokuhlanganisa Izinzwa Zekhwalithi Yamanzi Ezinemingcele Eminingi, singaqapha impilo yamakhemikhali yesitsha kanye nokugeleza kwaso okubonakalayo.
Amapharamitha Ekhwalithi Yamanzi Anembile Kakhulu
| Ipharamitha | Ibanga Lokulinganisa | Isixazululo | Ukunemba |
| PH | 0 ~ 14 ph | 0.01 ngehora | ±0.1 ngehora |
| Ukuvuvukala | 0.1 ~ 1000.0 NTU | 0.1 NTU | ±3% FS |
| I-oksijini Encibilikisiwe (DO) | 0 ~ 20 mg/L | 0.01 mg/L | ±0.6 mg/L |
| Ukuqhuba (EC) | 0 ~ 10000 uS/cm | 1 uS/cm | ±1% FS |
| I-Ammonium | 0.1 ~ 18000 ppm | 0.01 PPM | ±0.5% FS |
| I-COD | Okungenziwa ngezifiso | Ukunemba Okuphezulu | Ngokwencazelo ngayinye |
| I-nitrate | 0.1 ~ 18000 ppm | 0.01 PPM | ±0.5% FS |
| Izinga lokushisa | 0 ~ 60°C | 0.1°C | ±0.5°C |
I-“Flux” Equation kanye nokuvumelanisaInani langempela lalokhu kuhlanganiswa ukubalwa kwe-Pollutant Flux:
Izinga Lokugeleza (kusuka ku-Radar) × Ukugxila (kusuka ku-Sensor Yekhwalithi Yamanzi) = Ukungcola Okugeleza
Ii-4G RTU ehlanganisiweisebenza njengobuchopho besistimu, iqinisekisa ukuthi isitembu sesikhathi sedatha yokugeleza sihambisana kahle nedatha yokuhlushwa. Lokhu kuvumelanisa kwesikhashana kuvumela amahhovisi ezemvelo ukubala isisindo esiphelele sento engcolile ehamba ngesigaba esiphambeneyo, okubalulekile ekuhloleni umthwalo wemvelo nokulandelela imithombo yokukhishwa okungekho emthethweni ngokunemba kwezibalo.
5. Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Nokuqina Kwesistimu
Ukuze imelane nobunzima bokusetshenziswa ensimini, uhlelo lwakhiwe ngokuvikelwa kwezimboni okusezingeni eliphezulu:
- Ukuqina Kwemvelo:Ukusebenza okugcwele kugcinwa amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto, kufaka phakathi imvula enkulu, kusukela ku--30°C kuya ku-+80°C.
- Ukuqina Komzimba:Ihadiwe iphetheIsilinganiso sokuvikelwa kwe-IP68kanye neziciUkuvikelwa kombani okungu-6KV, ukuvikela izinto zikagesi ezibucayi ekukhuphukeni kukagesi okuvamile ngesikhathi seziphepho ezinkulu.
- Ukuxhumana:Idatha idluliselwa nge-RS485 (MODBUS-RTU), RS232, noma i-4~20mA. I-4G RTU ehlanganisiwe engazikhethela inikeza ikhambi le-telemetry elingenamthungo lezindawo ezikude zomfula lapho ingqalasizinda enezintambo ingekho khona.
6. Isiphetho: Indlela Eqhutshwa Yidatha Yokuphathwa Komfula
Ukuhlanganisa ukulinganisa ukugeleza kwe-radar okungeyona eyokuthintana nemvula kanye nokuzwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kudala "inethi yokuphepha" ephelele yesikhathi sanamuhla. Ngokushintsha izinzwa zokuxhumana ezisengozini ngobuchwepheshe be-radar obuqinile be-CW + PCR, sisusa izindawo ezingaboni ezenzeka ngezikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu zesikhukhula. Le ndlela eqhutshwa idatha inikeza ukuqonda okuthembekile okudingekayo kokubili ekunciphiseni izinhlekelele eziphuthumayo kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kwemithombo yethu yamanzi ebalulekile.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2026