Idatha yemvula enembile iyisisekelo sesayensi yezulu yanamuhla, isayensi yamanzi, kanye nokuphathwa kwezolimo. Njengonjiniyela wezinsimbi zezulu ophezulu, ngibeka phambili izinzwa ezilinganisela ukuthembeka kwemishini nokukhishwa kwesignali okuthembekile kakhulu. Lo mbiko uhlola izixazululo ezimbili zobungcweti: i-ABS (Engineering Plastic) kanye ne-Stainless Steel tipping bucket rain gauges, zihlola izici zazo zobunjiniyela kanye nokufaneleka kwemvelo.
1. Isingeniso kubuchwepheshe be-Tipping Bucket
I-tipping bucket rain gauge isebenzisa isakhiwo esiqinile esiklanyelwe ukulinganisa umthamo wesikhathi eside ngokunemba okuphezulu. Amanzi emvula angena endaweni yokuqoqa amanzi bese eqondiswa nge-funnel yangaphakathi aye ebhakedeni elilinganisa umthamo we-tipping. Leli bhakede libunjwe ngomjovo futhi lihlukaniswe laba amakamelo amabili angama-half-cone anomthamo olinganayo nge-partition ephakathi.
Indlela yokubonisana iyinqubo ethuthukisiwe yomshini:
- Umkhawulo Womthamo:Uma igumbi elilodwa lithola umthamo wamanzi emvula onqunyiwe (ngokuvamile u-0.5mm), isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi siyashintsha, okubangela ukuba ibhakede ligumbuqeke. Njengoba igumbi eligcwele liphuma, igumbi eliphikisayo liya endaweni yalo.
- Ukubonisa Okunembile:Kufakwa isici sensimbi esinobuthi odongeni oluseceleni lwebhakede eligobhozayo. Njengoba ibhakede liphenduka, i-magnet “iskena kusukela ohlangothini” lwepayipi lomhlanga elomile. Lesi senzo sokuskena sivula futhi sivale iswishi, sikhiqize isignali yokushaya kwenhliziyo ehambisana nokwanda kwemvula ethile.
2. Iphrofayili Yomkhiqizo:I-ABS (Engineering Plastic) Rain Gauge
Imodeli ye-ABS iyithuluzi elincane, elinembile kakhulu elenzelwe izindawo lapho ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation kanye nokulula kokufakwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izimfanelo Eziyinhloko Zobuchwepheshe:
- Isayensi Yezinto Ezibonakalayo:Yakhiwe ngepulasitiki yobunjiniyela ye-ABS eqinile. Le nto ayigcini nje ngokumelana nokugqwala kodwa futhi inikeza "ubushelelezi obuphezulu," into ebalulekile ekunciphiseni amaphutha okulinganisa abangelwa amanzi amile.
- Ubunjiniyela Bokungena:Ifaka i-\phi 200mm rain inlet enomklamo "obukhali" wamadigri angu-40–45 ukunciphisa ukuchaphaza nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokubamba.
- Imininingwane Yomzimba:Indawo encane enobude obungu-220mm kanye nobubanzi besisekelo obungu-217mm.
- Ukufakwa Nokuhlanganiswa:Ifaka ibhamuza lokulungisa izinga elakhelwe ngaphakathi esisekelweni. Ifakwe ucingo oluvikelwe olunezinsika ezine olungangeni manzi, olungangeni uwoyela, futhi oluklanywe ngamakhono aqinile okulwa nokuphazamiseka.
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kagesi:Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa esingu-0.24W kuphela.
3. Iphrofayili Yomkhiqizo:Isilinganiso Semvula Sensimbi Engagqwali
Imodeli ye-Stainless Steel iyithuluzi eliqinile, elisezingeni eliphezulu ngokwesiko elenzelwe ukuqina okukhulu nokusebenza okukhethekile ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izimfanelo Eziyinhloko Zobuchwepheshe:
- Ubuqotho Besakhiwo:Iqukethe igobolondo lensimbi engagqwali elimelana nokugqwala, elicwebezelayo elihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu ezindaweni ezinzima.
- Ukusebenza Kwesimo Sezulu Esibandayo:Yakhelwe ngokukhethekile izimo zeqhwa, le modeli ifaka i-terminal yentambo yokushisa. Idivayisi yokushisa engu-220VAC ingahlanganiswa ukuze incibilikise iqhwa futhi ivimbele ukubanda, okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwedatha unyaka wonke.
- Ubunjiniyela Bokungena:Isebenzisa i-inlet efanayo engu-200mm enomkhawulo obukhali wamadigri angu-40–45 ukuze igcine amandla okubamba ahambisanayo.
- Imininingwane Yomzimba:Iphrofayili enkulu negqamile elinganisa u-216mm \iphindwe ngo-460mm.
- Iphrofayili Yokulungisa:Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kude isikhathi eside ngempilo yebhethri elinganisiwe yeminyaka emi-5.
4. Isici Esibalulekile Sokulungisa: Uhlelo Lokulwa Nezinyoni Ezizalelayo
Ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bedatha futhi kuncishiswe imijikelezo yokugcinwa kwensimu, womabili amamodeli asebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-“ANTI-Bird Net”.
- Isivikelo Semishini:Naphezu kwegama elithi “inetha”, uhlelo olungokoqobo luqukethe izinaliti/izipikili zensimbi ezibukhali ezifakwe nxazonke komphetho noma phakathi nendawo. Lokhu kuvimbela izinyoni ukuthi zingazaleli esitsheni futhi zivimbele i-funnel.
- Ukuhlunga Okunezigaba Eziningi:Ukuzivikela okuyinhloko kuhilela imigodi ye-mesh ku-funnel ukuvimbela amaqabunga ukuthi angavimbi ukugeleza. Lokhu kuhambisana nesihlungi sesibili sensimbi engagqwali esakhelwe ngaphakathi esenzelwe ukubamba imfucumfucu emincane ngaphambi kokuba ifike endaweni yokugoba.
5. Ukuqhathanisa Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe
| Isici | Imodeli Yepulasitiki Yobunjiniyela be-ABS | Imodeli Yensimbi Engagqwali |
| Izinto | Ubunjiniyela be-ABS Plastic | Insimbi engagqwali |
| Isixazululo | 0.2mm / 0.5mm | 0.5mm |
| Ububanzi Bokuqina Kwemvula | 0.01mm \sim 4mm/min | 0.01mm \sim 4mm/min |
| Ukuqina Kwemvula Ephakeme | 8mm/umzuzu | 8mm/umzuzu |
| Ukunemba Kokulinganisa | \le \pm 3\% | \le \pm 3\% |
| Ubukhulu | Ukuphakama: 220mm, Ububanzi: \phi 217mm | \phi 216mm \iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-460mm |
| Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi | 4.5–30V DC (ye-RS485) | 5–24V / 12–24V DC (okuncike kokuguquguqukayo) |
| Amandla / Ibhethri | Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla angu-0.24W | Impilo Yebhethri Yeminyaka Emi-5 |
| Izimpawu Zokuphuma | I-RS485, i-Pulse, 4-20mA, 0-5V/10V | I-RS485, i-Pulse, i-4-20mA, i-Voltage (0-2V/5V/10V) |
| Izinga Lokushisa Elisebenzayo | 0^\circ C kuya ku-70^\circ C | -10^\circ C kuya ku-50^\circ C (isekela ukushisa) |
| Umswakama Olinganiselwe | < 100% (40^\circ C) | < 95% (40^\circ C) |
6. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwedatha Nokuxhumana
Lezi zinzwa zenzelwe ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zemvelo zesimanje ze-IoT. Zisekela amamojula ahlukahlukene okudlulisa angenantambo (i-GPRS, i-4G, i-WIFI, i-LORA, i-LORAWAN) ukuze kuqashwe kude.
Kwabahlanganisi bezinhlelo, umphumela we-RS485 usebenzisaiphrothokholi ejwayelekile ye-Modbus-RTUngeikheli ledivayisi elizenzakalelayo lika-01Idatha ingabonakala ngesikhathi sangempela ngamapulatifomu efu atholakala ngeziphequluli zewebhu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, nama-PC ethebhulethi.
7. Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwamasu
- I-Meteorology kanye ne-Hydrology:Iziteshi zezulu zikazwelonke kanye nokuqapha okubalulekile kwamanzi.
- Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi:Izinga ledamu kanye nokubhekwa kokuphepha kwedamu.
- Umhlaba kanye Nemithombo Yemvelo:
- Ezolimo:Ukuphathwa kokunisela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesimo sezulu sezitshalo.
- Amahlathi:Ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomlilo kanye nokuqapha impilo yehlathi.
- Ucwaningo Lwesayensi:Iziteshi zokubuka ezikude.
8. Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha: Ukukhetha Izinto Ezifanele
Ukukhetha imodeli efanele kudinga ukuhlolwa kwendawo ethile yokusabalalisa:
- Ncoma i-ABS Model ye:
- Ukufakwa okujwayelekile kwesimo sezulu lapho kudingeka khona ukuqina "okungenawo umhlwa".
- Izindawo ezinokushisa okuphezulu (kufika ku-70^\circ C) noma ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho umswakama uvame ukufika ku-100\%.
- Amaphrojekthi abeka phambili ukunemba okuphezulu ngenxa yokushelela okuphezulu kwezinto kanye nokuncipha kokuma kwamanzi.
- Ncoma iModeli yeNsimbi Engagqwali ye:
- Izifunda ezibhekene nesimo sezulu esibandayo lapho inketho yokushisa engu-220VAC ibalulekile khona.
- Izindawo zasogwini noma zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kwesakhiwo.
- Izindawo ezikude lapho impilo yebhethri yeminyaka emi-5 inciphisa khona izindleko zokulungisa.
- Qaphela: Ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama, qinisekisa ukuthi umswakama uhlala ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esingaphansi kwama-95%.
9. Isifinyezo Sokugcina
Zombili i-ABS kanye ne-Stainless Steel tipping bucket rain gauges zinikeza ukunemba kokulinganisa kwebanga lobuchwepheshe okungu-\le \pm 3\%. Ngokusebenzisa umklamo wemishini oqinile, ama-inlets abukhali, kanye nezinsika ezihlanganisiwe zokulwa nezinyoni, la mathuluzi aqinisekisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha okuthembekile ngokunakekelwa okuncane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubeka phambili ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokushelela kwe-ABS noma ikhono eliqinile nelishisayo le-Stainless Steel, womabili amamodeli amelela indinganiso yegolide yokuqapha kwemvelo yesimanje.
Amathegi:
Igeyiji yemvula yebhakede eligobhozayo|Inzwa yemvula|Igeyiji yemvula|Igeyiji yemvula engu-0.2mm|Igeyiji yemvula engu-0.5mm|Igeyiji yemvula enesinqumo esiphezulu|Ukunemba kwegeyiji yemvula
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-03-2026