Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi esimweni samanje sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okwandayo, izinsizakalo zesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo zisiza abalimi ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wezolimo nokuthuthukisa isivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi ngokunikeza idatha enembile yesimo sezulu kanye nezibikezelo. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezixhumanisi phakathi kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kanye nezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo:
1. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yeziteshi zezulu
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zihlonyiswe ngezinzwa nemishini ehlukahlukene yokuqapha izakhi zesimo sezulu sendawo ngesikhathi sangempela, okuhlanganisa:
Izinga lokushisa: lithinta ukuhluma kwembewu, ukukhula kwesitshalo kanye nokuvuthwa.
Umswakama: Kuthinta ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nokukhula kwezifo zezitshalo.
Ukuna: Kuthinta ngqo umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nezidingo zokunisela.
Isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso: Kuthinta ukuthuthwa kwempova yezitshalo kanye nokusabalala kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Ukukhanya okukhulu: kuthinta i-photosynthesis kanye nesivinini sokukhula kwezitshalo.
Uma idatha isiqoqiwe, ingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya nokubikezela izinguquko zesimo sezulu nokunikeza isisekelo sezinqumo zezolimo.
2. Izinhloso zezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu sezolimo
Inhloso eyinhloko yesevisi yezolimo nesimo sezulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wezolimo kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho zabalimi ngokusekelwa kwedatha yesayensi yesimo sezulu. Ngokukhethekile, izinsizakalo zezolimo zigxila kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Umanyolo kanye nokunisela okunembile: Ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu, ukuhlelwa okufanelekile komanyolo kanye nesikhathi sokunisela ukuze kugwenywe ukumoshwa kwezinsiza okungadingekile.
Ukubikezela umjikelezo wokukhula kwezitshalo: Ukusebenzisa idatha yesimo sezulu ukubikezela isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo, ukusiza abalimi ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela nokuvuna.
Isexwayiso sezifo nezinambuzane: Ngokuqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nezinye izinkomba, ukubikezela ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nesixwayiso sokuqala sesifo sezitshalo kanye nengozi yezinambuzane, kanye nokuqondisa abalimi ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ezifanele.
Impendulo yenhlekelele yemvelo: Nikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi ngezinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nezikhukhula, isomiso kanye nesithwathwa ukusiza abalimi ukuthi bathuthukise izinhlelo eziphuthumayo futhi banciphise ukulahlekelwa.
3. Ukuqaphela ezolimo ezinembile
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zezulu nakho kuyathuthukiswa njalo, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuningi sekuqalile ukuhlanganisa umqondo wezolimo olunembile. Ngokusebenzisa ukuqapha isimo sezulu okunembile, abalimi bangenza okulandelayo:
Ukuqapha endaweni: Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana neziteshi zesimo sezulu eziphathwayo kanye nama-drones, ukuqapha izinguquko zesimo sezulu ngesikhathi sangempela emikhakheni ehlukene kungafeza amasu okuphatha enziwe umuntu ngamunye.
Ukwabelana ngedatha nokuhlaziywa: Ngokukhula kwe-cloud computing kanye nobuchwepheshe be-big data, idatha yesimo sezulu ingahlanganiswa neminye idatha yezolimo (njengekhwalithi yomhlabathi nokukhula kwezitshalo) ukuze kwakheke ukuhlaziywa okuphelele futhi kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa kwedatha okuphelele kokwenza izinqumo zezolimo.
Ukusekelwa kwezinqumo okuhlakaniphile: Sebenzisa ukufunda komshini kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze ukhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo izincomo zokuphatha ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu yomlando kanye nolwazi lokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukusiza abalimi ukuthuthukisa izinqumo zokukhiqiza.
4. Izifundo zamacala kanye nezibonelo zokusetshenziswa
Izinsizakalo ze-agromeorological emazweni amaningi ziphumelele ekuqaliseni ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi kweziteshi zesimo sezulu. Nazi izimo ezimbalwa eziphumelelayo:
I-National AgroMeteorological Network (NCDC) isiza abalimi ukuphatha izitshalo zabo ngenethiwekhi kazwelonke yeziteshi zezulu ezihlinzeka ngemininingwane yesimo sezulu yesikhathi sangempela kanye nezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu sezolimo.
Izinsizakalo Zokubikezela Isimo Sezulu zaseShayina: I-China Meteorological Administration (CMA) yenza izinsizakalo zesimo sezulu sezolimo ngeziteshi zesimo sezulu kuzo zonke izigaba, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile zezitshalo ezifana namasimu elayisi nezithelo zezithelo, ihlinzeka ngemibiko yesimo sezulu njalo kanye nezixwayiso zenhlekelele.
Isikhungo Sezulu Sase-India (i-IMD): Ngenethiwekhi yeziteshi zezulu, i-IMD inikeza abalimi izeluleko zokutshala, okuhlanganisa ukutshala okuhle, umanyolo kanye nezikhathi zokuvuna, ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nokuqina kwabalimi abancane.
5. Intuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nenselele
Nakuba iziteshi zesimo sezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinsizakalweni zesimo sezulu sezolimo, kusenezinselele ezithile:
Amakhono okuthola idatha nokuhlaziya: Kwezinye izindawo, ukuthembeka kanye nokuhambisana nesikhathi kokutholwa kwedatha yesimo sezulu akukanele.
Ukwamukelwa kwabalimi: Abanye abalimi banokuqonda okuphansi kanye nokwamukelwa okuphansi kobuchwepheshe obusha, okuthinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu.
Ukungabikezeleki koshintsho lwesimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu esibangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu senza umkhiqizo wezolimo ungaqiniseki futhi kubeka izidingo eziphezulu ezinkonzweni zesimo sezulu.
isiphetho
Sekukonke, iziteshi zezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile emasu ezinsizakalweni ze-agrometeorological, zinegalelo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme komkhiqizo wezolimo ngokuhlinzeka ngedatha enembile kanye nokusekelwa kwezinqumo ezisebenzayo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono okuhlaziya idatha athuthukisiwe, iziteshi zezulu zizoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, zisize abalimi ukuba bazivumelanise nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwezimboni kanye nokuqina.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesiteshi sezulu,
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-27-2024