Inani le-pH lamanzi liyinkomba ebalulekile ekala ubumuncu noma i-alkalinity yomzimba wamanzi, futhi ingenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile ekuqaphelweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukusuka ekuphepheni kwamanzi okuphuza kuya ezinqubweni zezimboni kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemvelo, ukuqapha okunembile kwe-pH kubalulekile. Inzwa ye-pH yekhwalithi yamanzi iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokufinyelela lesi silinganiso.
I. Izici zezinzwa ze-pH Yekhwalithi Yamanzi
Izinzwa ze-pH zekhwalithi yamanzi zinquma ubumuncu noma i-alkalinity yesisombululo esinamanzi ngokulinganisa ukuhlangana kwama-ion e-hydrogen (H⁺). Izingxenye zabo eziyinhloko i-electrode ye-membrane yengilazi ezwela ama-ion e-hydrogen kanye ne-electrode eyireferensi. Izinzwa zesimanje ze-pH ngokuvamile zibonisa izici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukunemba Okuphezulu Nokunemba
- Isici: Izinzwa ze-pH zekhwalithi ephezulu zinganikeza ukunemba kokulinganisa okungu-±0.1 pH noma okungcono nakakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwedatha.
- Inzuzo: Inikeza isisekelo sedatha esinembile sokulawula inqubo nokuqapha indawo ezungezile, ukugwema ukulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza noma ukuhlulelwa ngokungafanele kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngenxa yamaphutha okulinganisa.
2. Ukusabela Ngokushesha
- Isici: Inzwa isabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zevelu ye-pH, ngokuvamile ifinyelela u-95% wokufundwa kokugcina phakathi kwamasekhondi ukuya kwamashumi amasekhondi.
- Inzuzo: Inika amandla ukuthwebula ngesikhathi sangempela kwezinguquko ezisheshayo kukhwalithi yamanzi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi sangempela zokulawula inqubo kanye nokwenza lula izinguquko ezifika ngesikhathi.
3. Ukuzinza Okuhle
- Isici: Izinzwa eziklanywe kahle zingakwazi ukugcina ukufundwa okuzinzile esikhathini eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezingaguquki ngokukhukhuleka okuncane.
- Inzuzo: Yehlisa isidingo sokulinganisa njalo, yehlisa umzamo wokulungisa, futhi iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwedatha nokuqhathaniswa.
4. Izinhlobonhlobo Zokufaka Nezinhlobo Zokusetshenziswa
- Isici: Ukuze uzivumelanise nezimo ezihlukahlukene, izinzwa ze-pH ziza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:
- Ibanga Laselabhorethri: Amamodeli aphathekayo, ohlobo lwepeni, kanye ne-benchtop yokuhlolwa kwensimu okusheshayo noma ukuhlaziya kwaselabhorethri okunembile.
- Inqubo Yohlobo Lwe-inthanethi: Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ezigelezayo, zokufakwa zokuqapha okuqhubekayo ku-inthanethi kumapayipi, amathangi, noma emifuleni.
- Inzuzo: Ukuvumelana nezimo okuphezulu kakhulu kwesicelo, okuhlanganisa cishe zonke izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukukalwa kwe-pH.
5. Idinga Ukugcinwa Okuvamile Nokulinganisa
- Isici: Lona “ububi” obuyinhloko bezinzwa ze-pH. I-membrane yengilazi ijwayele ukonakala kanye nokulimala, futhi i-electrolyte ku-electrode yesithenjwa iyancipha. Ukulinganisa okuvamile ngezixazululo ezijwayelekile zebhafa (ukulinganisa amaphuzu amabili) nokuhlanza ama-electrode kuyadingeka.
- Qaphela: Imvamisa yokunakekela incike ezimeni zekhwalithi yamanzi (isb., amanzi angcolile, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi anamafutha aphezulu).
6. Ubuhlakani kanye nokudidiyela
- Isici: Izinzwa zesimanje ze-pH eziku-inthanethi zivame ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zokushisa (ukunxeshezelwa kwezinga lokushisa) futhi zisekele okuphumayo kwedijithali (isb, RS485, Modbus), okuvumela ukuxhumeka okulula kuma-PLC, izinhlelo ze-SCADA, noma izinkundla zamafu zokuqapha nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
- Inzuzo: Isiza ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ezizenzakalelayo, ezivumela ukusebenza okungagadiwe nemisebenzi ye-alamu.
II. Izimo Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-pH kusabalele kakhulu, kuhlanganisa cishe zonke izinkambu eziphathelene namanzi.
1. Ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi Angcolile kanye Nokuqapha Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo
- Izindawo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Kamasipala/Izimboni:
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: I-Inlet, i-outlet, amathangi okusabela kwebhayoloji (amathangi omoya), indawo yokukhipha amanzi.
- Iqhaza: Ukuqapha i-pH ye-inlet kunikeza isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokushaqeka kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini; inqubo yokwelapha yezinto eziphilayo idinga ububanzi be-pH obufanele (ngokuvamile i-6.5-8.5) ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi we-microbial; i-pH engcolile kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ngaphambi kokuphuma.
- Ukuqapha Amanzi Asendaweni:
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Imifula, amachibi, izilwandle.
- Iqhaza: Qapha imizimba yamanzi ngokungcoliswa kwemvula ene-asidi, amanzi angcolile embonini, noma ukugeleza kwe-acid emayini, futhi uhlole impilo yemvelo.
2. Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Yezimboni
- Izimboni zeChemical, Pharmaceutical, Food & Beverage:
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Ama-reactors, amathangi okuxuba, amapayipi, izinqubo zokuhlanganisa umkhiqizo.
- Iqhaza: I-pH iyipharamitha ewumongo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali amaningi, okuthinta ngqo izinga lokusabela, ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo, isivuno, nokuphepha. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kobisi, ubhiya, nesiphuzo, i-pH iwukhiye wokulawula ukunambitheka nempilo yeshalofu.
- Amasistimu Amanzi Okubilisa Nokupholisa:
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Amanzi okuphakelayo, amanzi okubhayela, amanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo.
- Iqhaza: Lawula i-pH phakathi kwebanga elithile (ngokuvamile i-alkaline) ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala kanye nokukalwa kwamapayipi ensimbi nezinto zokusebenza, ukwelula impilo yesevisi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokushisayo.
3. Ezolimo kanye Nezasemanzini
- I-Aquaculture:
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Amachibi ezinhlanzi, amathangi ezimfanzi, Izinhlelo Zokukhuliswa Kwezinhlanzi Eziphindaphindiwe (RAS).
- Iqhaza: Izinhlanzi nezimfanzi zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwe-pH. I-pH ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi ithinta ukuphefumula kwazo, i-metabolism, kanye nokuzivikela komzimba, futhi kungabangela nokufa. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokuzinza kuyadingeka.
- Ukuchelela Kwezolimo:
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Imithombo yamanzi okunisela, izinhlelo zokuvundisa.
- Iqhaza: Amanzi ane-asidi ngokweqile noma ane-alkaline angaphazamisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi nokusebenza kahle kukamanyolo, futhi angase alimaze izimpande zezitshalo. Ukuqapha i-pH kusiza ukwandisa izilinganiso zamanzi nomanyolo.
4. Amanzi Okuphuza kanye Nokuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi Kamasipala
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Imithombo yamanzi yezitshalo zokuhlanza, izinqubo zokwelashwa (isb., i-coagulation-sedimentation), amanzi aphelile, inethiwekhi yamapayipi kamasipala.
- Iqhaza: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-pH yamanzi okuphuza ithobela izindinganiso zikazwelonke (isb., 6.5-8.5), ukunambitha okwamukelekayo, nokulawula i-pH ukunciphisa ukugqwala kunethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka, ukuvimbela izenzakalo "zamanzi abomvu" noma "amanzi aphuzi".
5. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi namaLabhorethri
- Amaphuzu Okufaka Isicelo: Amalabhorethri emanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo, izikhungo ze-R&D zebhizinisi, nezikhungo zokuhlola imvelo.
- Iqhaza: Yenza ukuhlaziya amanzi, ukuhlola kwamakhemikhali, amasiko ebhayoloji, nalo lonke ucwaningo lwesayensi oludinga ulwazi olunembile lwe-acidity yesisombululo noma i-alkalinity.
Isifinyezo
Inzwa ye-pH yekhwalithi yamanzi iyithuluzi lokuhlaziya elivuthiwe kodwa elibalulekile. Izici zayo zokunemba okuphezulu nokuphendula okusheshayo ziyenza ibe “umlindi” wokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Nakuba idinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, inani layo lesicelo alinakushintshwa. Kusukela ekuqapheni ukuvikela imvelo kuya ekuhlanzeni amanzi okuphuza okuqinisekisa ukuphepha, kusukela ezinqubweni zezimboni ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo zesimanje ezithuthukisa isivuno, izinzwa ze-pH zidlala indima ebalulekile buthule, zisebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuvikeleni izinga lamanzi kanye nokwenza ngcono amazinga okukhiqiza.
Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene
1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi
2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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