Izidingo Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi kanye Nezinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Zokuthuthumela
IVietnam inamanethiwekhi emifula aminyene kanye nogu olubanzi, okuletha izinselele eziningi zokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Izinhlelo zoMfula Obomvu kanye noMfula iMekong zihlinzeka ngamanzi okunisela kwezolimo, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke ngenkathi zithwala imithwalo yokungcola eyandayo. Idatha yokuqapha imvelo ikhombisa ukuthi ukugcwala kwenhlabathi emifuleni emikhulu yaseVietnam kungaphindeka kabili ngesikhathi sezimvula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkathi zesomiso, okudala izinselele ezinkulu zezindlela zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi zendabuko.
Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa zokushintshashintsha kwamanzi sebube yisisombululo esisebenzayo sezinselele zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi eVietnam ngenxa yamakhono abo okuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinzwa zokushintshashintsha kwamanzi zanamuhla zisebenzisa ngokuyinhloko izimiso zokukhanya ukuze zibale amanani okushintshashintsha kwamanzi ngokulinganisa amandla okusabalala kokukhanya okuvela ezinhlayiyeni ezilengayo, zinikeza izinzuzo ezintathu ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe:
- Ukulinganisa okunembe kakhulu: Kukwazi ukufinyelela ububanzi be-NTU/FNU obungu-0-4000 ngesisombululo se-NTU esingu-0.001
- Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi sangempela: Kunikeza impendulo yezinga lesibili ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha ukungalingani kwekhwalithi yamanzi
- Umklamo ongadingi ukulungiswa okugcwele: Izinzwa zokuzihlanza ezihlanzekile zingafakwa ngqo emapayipini, okunciphisa ukulahleka kwemidiya
EVietnam, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa zokungcola zihlukaniswa kakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu: izinzwa eziku-inthanethi zamaphuzu okuqapha ahleliwe; amathuluzi aphathekayo okuhlola insimu; kanye nezinzwa ze-node ze-IoT ezakha isisekelo samanethiwekhi okuqapha asatshalaliswa.
Izicelo Zokuqapha Ukungcola Ekuhlinzekweni Kwamanzi Emadolobheni Nokwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile
Emadolobheni amakhulu njengeHo Chi Minh City neHanoi, izinzwa zokungcola sezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. Izinzwa zokungcola ezihlanzekile eziku-inthanethi ezinemisebenzi yokuzihlanza kanye nezixhumi zedijithali zingafakwa ngqo kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi ukuze kuqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela.
Inzwa yokungcoliswa kwamanzi ehlanzekile esetshenziswa ezitshalweni eziningi ezinkulu zokwelashwa kwamanzi eVietnam ibonisa ukusetshenziswa okumelelayo. Isebenzisa izimiso zokukhanya ezihlakazekile ezingama-90° ngokunemba kwelebhu, ifaneleka kakhulu ekuqapheni inqubo ephelele yamanzi okuphuza. Imininingwane yokusebenza ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zinzwa zisiza ekugcineni ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ahlungiwe kungaphansi kuka-0.1 NTU, okudlula kakhulu amazinga kazwelonke nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza.
Ekuphathweni kwamanzi amdaka, ukuqapha ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawulweni kwenqubo kanye nokuhambisana nokukhishwa kwamanzi. Isitshalo esikhulu sokwelapha amanzi amdaka sikamasipala eVietnam sisebenzisa izinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezisakazeka phezulu ukuqapha ukungcola kwethangi lokudaya, sihlanganisa idatha ezinhlelweni zokulawula izitshalo ngamasignali ajwayelekile. Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi ukuqapha okuku-inthanethi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula kusukela emahoreni kuya kumasekhondi, kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokwelashwa futhi kwandisa amazinga okuhambisana nokungcola kusuka ku-85% kuya ku-98%.
Imikhuba Emisha Yokuqapha Ukungcoliswa Kwemvelo Yasemanzini
Njengomkhiqizi wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni wezolimo zasemanzini okhiqiza umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke odlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-8 (kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezimfanzi), iVietnam ibhekene nemiphumela eqondile evela ekushintsheni kokungcoliswa kwamanzi empilweni yasemanzini. Ukungcoliswa ngokweqile kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe.
Uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlakaniphile olusekelwe ku-IoT emapulazini amakhulu ezinhlanzi zasemanzini eSifundazweni saseNinh Thuan lubonisa imiphumela emangalisayo. Uhlelo olusekelwe ku-buoy luhlanganisa ukugcwala kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa, i-pH, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, kanye nezinzwa ze-ORP, ludlulisela idatha yesikhathi sangempela kumapulatifomu amafu ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo. Imininingwane ewusizo ikhombisa ukuthi la machibi aqashwe afinyelela amazinga okusinda kwezinhlanzi asephezulu ngo-20%, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokudla okungcono ngo-15%, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngo-40%.
Kubalimi abancane, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe bendawo zithuthukise izixazululo zokuthola ukungcola okuvulekile ezibiza ngaphansi kwama-$50. Lezi zinhlelo, ezisetshenziswa emapulazini amancane angaphezu kuka-300 eSifundazweni saseBen Tre, zisiza ukunciphisa izingozi zokulima nokuqinisa imali engenayo.
Izicelo Zezinzwa Zokujika Emanzini Angcolile Ezimbonini Nokuqapha Imvelo
Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimboni eVietnam kuletha izinselele ezinkulu zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi njengesici esiyinhloko esilawulwayo sokukhishwa kwamanzi ezimbonini. Izinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi eziku-inthanethi sezibe yimishini ejwayelekile ezindaweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini zaseVietnam ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho nokugwema izinhlawulo.
Imboni enkulu yephepha enyakatho yeVietnam ibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwezinzwa zokungcola. Sisebenzisa izinqubo zokwelapha zezigaba ezintathu ngezinzwa zokungcola endaweni yokungena/yokuphuma yesigaba ngasinye, imboni yakha amanethiwekhi okuqapha aphelele. Idatha yokusebenza ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zithuthukise ukuthobela ukukhishwa kusuka ku-88% kuya ku-99.5%, kunciphisa kakhulu izinhlawulo zemvelo zonyaka ngenkathi songa izindleko zamakhemikhali.
Ekulawulweni kwemvelo, izinzwa zokungcola zakha izingxenye ezibalulekile zamanethiwekhi okuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi omfula eVietnam. Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa ukuzwa okukude kwesathelayithi namanethiwekhi ezinzwa zomhlabathi athuthukiswe yi-Water Resources Institute yaseVietnam zinikeza isisekelo sesayensi sokuphatha okuqondiwe. Selokhu zasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, lezi zinhlelo ziphumelele ekutholeni imithombo emikhulu yokungcola.
Isu lomnotho wasolwandle laseVietnam ligcizelela ukuqapha okuqinile kwamanzi asogwini. Amaphrojekthi okuhlola ahlanganisa idatha yesathelayithi, ama-algorithms okufunda komshini, kanye namapulatifomu e-cloud computing athuthukise amamodeli okubikezela ukugcwala kwamanzi olwandle kanye nezinye izilinganiso, enikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ugu lwaseVietnam olungamakhilomitha angu-3,260.
Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2025