Ithuluzi lesimo sezulu elisekelwe esimisweni esineminyaka engu-135 ubudala lingena emehlweni omphakathi ngokungazelelwe. Isilinganiso semvula esinciphayo—esake satholakala kuphela eziteshini zesimo sezulu zobungcweti—manje sidlala indima ebalulekile ezinseleleni zeTikTok, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula ezisheshayo, kanye nezolimo ezihlakaniphile ngezindlela ezahlukene ezifana nama-rain gauge azenzakalelayo kanye nama-rain gauge edijithali.
Isahluko 1: Isayensi Engemuva Kwendlela Yokuthambekela yeTikTok
I-#RainBucketChallenge isakazeka kuzo zonke izinkundla zamavidiyo amafushane emhlabeni jikelele. Imithetho ilula: kala imvula yamahora angama-24 ngedivayisi yokulinganisa imvula eyenziwe ekhaya bese uyihlanganisa nevidiyo yokudala.
Bambalwa abaqaphelayo ukuthi le nselele ebonakala ijabulisa ithuthukisa isayensi yesimo sezulu sezakhamuzi. Ividiyo ka-@WeatherJoe, umthandi wesimo sezulu waseBrithani, ikhombisa ukuqhathanisa okumangalisayo: igeyiji yemvula eyenziwe ekhaya ehluka ngo-3.2% kuphela kunedivayisi yobungcweti ebiza ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi zama-yuan ngaphansi kwezimo zemvula ephakathi.
“Isihluthulelo sisekuklanyweni okunembile kwebhakede lokuphonsa,” kuchaza uprofesa wobunjiniyela waseCambridge University kumazwana evidiyo. “Amageyiji emvula edijithali yesimanje asathembele kulesi simiso esiyinhloko—imvula ngayinye engu-0.2mm ibangela iphuzu—umklamo wekhulu leminyaka ohlala ungashintshi.”
Okuvelele okuvela kumazwana athrendayo:
- "Idatha yami ye-DIY automatic rain gauge engama-yuan angu-50 empeleni ifane nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-meteorological bureau!"
- "Ukuchofoza" kwebhakede eliphonsayo kuyizwi elimhlophe elihle kakhulu"
Isahluko 2: Imizuzu eyi-17 Ngaphambi Kwesikhukhula Esibulalayo
NgoJulayi 2023, eYa'an, eSichuan, inethiwekhi ye-IoT yama-rain gauge ochwepheshe yakhipha isixwayiso sesikhukhula esisheshayo imizuzu eyi-17 kusengaphambili.
Umqondisi wehhovisi lokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo lendawo wembule engqungqutheleni yabezindaba: “Amagridi eziteshi zesimo sezulu zendabuko aqhelelene ngamakhilomitha ayi-10. Ukufakwa kwethu kwamageyiji emvula edijithali angu-200 kwakha igridi engu-1km. Kwakuyilokhu kwanda kobuningi obungamakhilomitha ayi-9 okwabamba idatha ebalulekile yemvula enkulu yendawo.”
Idatha yesistimu ikhombisile: endaweni yase-暴雨中心, igeyiji yemvula yebhakede eligobhozayo iqophe imvula engu-86mm ngehora, kanti isiteshi esijwayelekile esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-5 sibonise imvula engu-34mm kuphela. "Yilo mehluko ongu-52mm owasenza sanquma ukuphuma."
Uhlelo lobuchwepheshe lwe-rain gauge olusetshenziswa kuleli cala seluyisibonelo sokufundisa esijwayelekile kwezobunjiniyela besimo sezulu ku-LinkedIn, kanye nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene ezisetshenziswa amazwe afana nePakistan nePhilippines.
Isahluko 3: Indlela Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha KwaseShayina Okubumba Kabusha Ngayo Ukuqapha Imvula Yomhlaba Wonke
Embonini yaseZhejiang, amageji emvula azenzakalelayo aqala emgqeni wokukhiqiza ngamayunithi angu-30 ngomzuzu. Lawa madivayisi angangesundu ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe begeji yemvula yedijithali nezici ezinamandla:
- Uhlelo lwamabhakede olunezinhlangothi ezimbili olungavimbeli ukuvaleka (lothuli, amaqabunga)
- Ukuzinika amandla ngelanga (impilo yebhethri yeminyaka emi-2)
- Ukubekwa kwemodi ephindwe kabili kwe-BeiDou/GPS
- Ama-algorithms okunciphisa izinga lokushisa
Umqondisi wokumaketha waphesheya kwenkampani wembule ukuthi: “Sithumele ama-rain gauge angu-80,000 ochwepheshe ngonyaka odlule, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseBelt and Road. Kwezinye izifunda zase-Afrika, ubuningi bamadivayisi ethu manje budlula obaseYurophu.”
Lokhu okusha kusekulinganisweni okuhlakaniphile: ukusebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukuthola ukuguguleka kwamabhakede nokulungisa amaphutha ngokuzenzakalelayo, kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwensimu yamageyiji emvula azenzakalelayo kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-5.
Isahluko 4: “Umgcinimabhuku Wemvula” Kwezolimo
Esifundeni sewayini saseNingxia, isivini ngasinye esingamahektha amathathu sihlonyiswe nge-IoT digital rain gauge. Uhlelo alugcini nje ngokuqopha imvula kodwa futhi luxhumana nezinzwa zenhlabathi zokunisela ngokunembile.
“Besivame ukuthembela kokuhlangenwe nakho; manje sithembele kudatha,” kusho umholi wezobuchwepheshe wefektri yewayini. “Idatha yesilinganiso semvula yebhakede lokufaka imvula ibonise ukwehla kwemvula ngo-12% ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwalo nyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Silungise ukunisela ngokufanele, silindele ukonga amanzi ngo-30%.
Kuvela isicelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu kumshuwalense: Abalimi bama-apula baseShandong basebenzisa idatha yobuchwepheshe yokulinganisa imvula njengesisekelo sezicelo zesinxephezelo sezinhlekelele. Ngesikhathi sesichotho sika-2022, idatha yokuqina kwemvula ngomzuzu nomzuzu yathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula izicelo ngo-70%.
Isahluko 5: “Ukuphela Kwemizwa” Kokulawulwa Kwezikhukhula Zasemadolobheni
ESifundeni saseHuangpu eGuangzhou, amageyiji emvula azenzakalelayo angama-200 angaqhumi asebenza ngaphakathi kwamapayipi okudonsa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, eqapha ukungena kwamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela.
“Amageyiji emvula avamile aseceleni komgwaqo awakwazi ukukhombisa izimo zangempela zamapayipi,” kuchaza unjiniyela kamasipala. “Amageyiji ethu emvula edijithali athole ukungena okungavamile kwelinye ipayipi naphezu kwemvula encane—uphenyo luveze ukuvinjelwa kokwakhiwa, okuvimbela izikhukhula ezingaba khona.”
Lolu hlelo lobuchwepheshe lokulinganisa imvula luxwayise ngempumelelo ngezigameko ezintathu zezikhukhula zendawo, kanti amaphepha ahlobene akhethwe njengezimo ezinhle kakhulu zonyaka yi-International Association for Urban Hydrology.
Isahluko 6: Kusukela Emishinini Yobuchwepheshe Kuya Ezimpahla Zabathengi
Ngokumangazayo, ama-rain gauge ashintsha kusuka kumishini yobungcweti yesimo sezulu kuya emikhiqizweni yabathengi. I-rain gauge yomkhiqizo othile wezobuchwepheshe ixhumeka ngqo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwefoni nge-Wi-Fi, enentengo engu-299 yuan kuphela, kanti ukuthengiswa kwenyanga yokuqala kudlula amayunithi ayi-10,000.
“Senze lula ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bama-rain gauge ochwepheshe,” kuchaza umphathi womkhiqizo. “Sigcine ukunemba kwama-rain gauge edijithali kodwa senza ukusebenza kwaba lula njenge-smart plug.”
Ku-Pinterest, izifundo ze-“tipping bucket rain gauge DIY” ziqoqele ukusindisa okungaphezu kuka-500,000, zaveza izinhlobo ezahlukene njengezinto zesayensi zezingane kanye namathoyizi okusiza ukucindezeleka edeskithophu. Kwikhithi yesayensi yomkhiqizo othile wezemfundo, i-miniature automatic rain gauge iyona ethandwa kakhulu.
Isahluko 7: Umngcele Omusha Wokusetshenziswa Kwedatha
Ngokuthuthuka kwezimakethe zokuhweba ngekhabhoni, idatha yemvula enembile iba yimpahla entulekayo. Enye inkampani yezobuchwepheshe bezemvelo iqalise iphrojekthi "yedatha yemvula exhunywe kuchungechunge", igcina idatha evela ezinkulungwaneni zama-rain gauge ochwepheshe ku-blockchain.
“Emikhakheni efana nokunciphisa imvelo kanye nokuhlela ugesi wamanzi, idatha yemvula engaguquki enikezwa yi-digital rain gauges inenani elikhulu,” kusho umholi wephrojekthi. “Sithole ngisho nemibuzo evela kuma-hedge funds—badinga idatha yemvula eningiliziwe ukuze babikezele ikusasa lezolimo.”
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, ngemva kokulungiswa kwekhwalithi, idatha evela kuma-rain gauge azenzakalelayo ebanga labantu abavamile iye yamukelwa eminye iminyango yesifunda yesimo sezulu njengesengezo kumanethiwekhi okuqapha asemthethweni. “Lokhu kuyintuthuko ebalulekile kwesayensi yezakhamuzi,” kusho uchwepheshe wedatha yesimo sezulu. “Ama-rain gauge ebhakede elingaphansi kwe-tip ayaphazamisa umugqa phakathi kochwepheshe nabangewona abaqeqeshi.”
Iminyaka Eyishumi Ezayo Yobuchwepheshe Bokuqapha Imvula
Q: Amazinga ahlukene ezilinganiso zemvula anikezwa kanjani imisebenzi?
Unjiniyela omkhulu we-China Meteorological Administration: “Amageji emvula ochwepheshe awenzelwe amanethiwekhi okuqapha kazwelonke, adinga iphutha elingaphansi kuka-3%; amageji emvula edijithali ahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zemboni; amageji emvula azenzakalelayo asekhaya akhuthaza ukuhlanganyela komphakathi. Lawa amathathu ayaphelelisana.”
Q: Kugxilwe kuphi ekusunguleni ubuchwepheshe?
Uprofesa we-hydrology eNyuvesi yaseTsinghua: “Amageyiji emvula ebhakede lesizukulwane esilandelayo azohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi: ukushisa okuvimbela ukuqandisa, isinxephezelo samaphutha e-AI, ukubala okusemaphethelweni. Igeyiji yemvula yochwepheshe esiyisebenzisayo ingakwazi ukubona nokuhlukanisa imvula, iqhwa, nesichotho ngokuzenzakalelayo.”
U: Abantu abavamile kufanele bakhethe kanjani?
I-blogger yesayensi yesimo sezulu: “Khetha ama-rain gauge ayisisekelo azenzakalelayo ezingadini zasekhaya; ama-rain gauge edijithali anokuthunyelwa kwedatha kwezolimo; ama-rain gauge ochwepheshe avela kubantu abaningi ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlekelele zomphakathi. Isihluthulelo ukulinganisa njalo—ngisho ne-rain gauge engcono kakhulu idinga ukulungiswa.”
Amanethiwekhi Okuqapha Imvula Ahlakaniphile
Ama-rain gauge azenzakalelayo esizukulwane esilandelayo ayathuthukiswa emalabhorethri:
- Ukusungula izinto ezintsha: Ama-nanocoatings angenawo umoya ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kokunamathela kwamanzi
- Ukuphumelela kwefomu: Imiklamo yamabhakede aguquguqukayo ahambisana nezakhiwo
- Ubuhlakani benethiwekhi: Amageyiji emvula edijithali akha amanethiwekhi azihlelayo, lapho ukwehluleka kwephuzu elilodwa kungathinti idatha iyonke
“Sakha ‘i-IoT yemvula’,” kusho inkampani yezobuchwepheshe i-CTO enomfanekiso wokuqala. “Isilinganiso ngasinye semvula yobungcweti siyi-node ehlakaniphile, hhayi nje kuphela ukuqoqa idatha kodwa futhi nokuhlaziya amaphethini emvula nokubikezela izingozi zezikhukhula.”
Isiphetho:
Kusukela ku-gauge yokuqala yemvula yebhakede elithengiswayo ngo-1888 kuya kuma-gauge emvula azenzakalelayo angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili asebenza emhlabeni jikelele namuhla; kusukela emsebenzini othule eziteshini zesimo sezulu zobungcweti kuya ezinseleleni zokudala zentsha ye-TikTok—lesi simiso esilula semishini siyavuselelwa ngobuchwepheshe be-gauge yemvula yedijithali.
I-blogger yesimo sezulu ithe kuvidiyo ethandwe izigidi zabantu: “Amageyiji emvula ochwepheshe avikela ukuphepha kwasemadolobheni, amageyiji emvula azenzakalelayo asekhaya axhumanisa abantu nemvelo. Kulesi sikhathi sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, mhlawumbe esikudingayo akukhona nje ubuchwepheshe obunembe kakhulu, kodwa lo moya wokuthatha wonke amaconsi emvula ngokungathi sína.”
Njengoba ukuqapha imvula kushintshela ezikhundleni zobungcweti kuya empilweni yomphakathi, futhi njengoba idatha yesilinganiso semvula eqala ukuthonya yonke into kusukela ekuniseleni kwezolimo kuya ekuthengiselaneni kwezezimali, sibona ukuqala kwenkathi ecwengekile, yentando yeningi ekuqapheni kwesimo sezulu.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-25-2025