ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia—Ekuseni kakhulu, amasimu elayisi aseChiang Mai, eThailand, avuka ngokukhanya kokuqala. Umlimi uSomchai uhamba ebheke kudivayisi yensimbi engenasici emaphethelweni ensimu—isilinganiso semvula sebhakede eligobhozayo. Ima buthule, ibhakede layo lixhunywe kwimojuli encane yedatha. USomchai uvula ifoni yakhe, lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lubonisa khona idatha yesikhathi sangempela edluliselwa kusuka kule nsimbi yendabuko.
“Kunjengomlindi emasimini,” kusho uSomchai. “Ngesizini edlule yemvula, yanikeza isixwayiso samahora amathathu kusengaphambili semvula enkulu, okwasivumela ukuthi siqedele ukuvuna kwethu ngaphambi kokuba kufike amanzi ezikhukhula.”
Kusukela ezintabeni zasenyakatho yeThailand kuya eMekong Delta eVietnam, kusukela eziqhingini zasePhilippines kuya emasimini esundu lamafutha eMalaysia, leli thuluzi lesimo sezulu elineminyaka eyikhulu liphinde lizalwa kabusha ngedijithali.
Ukuguqulwa Kwanamuhla Kwamathuluzi Endabuko
I-tipping bucket rain gauge—ithuluzi lesimo sezulu elisebenza ngesimiso esilula semishini, lapho amanzi emvula egcwalisa khona uhlangothi olulodwa lwebhakede, okwenza ukuthi linciphe futhi libangele ukubalwa—manje selifakwe amamojula e-IoT. Idivayisi ethuthukisiwe ingadlulisela idatha efwini ngesikhathi sangempela ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi bahlole ulwazi lwemvula noma nini ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
ESifundazweni saseTrà Vinh, eVietnam, amakhulu ala mageji emvula ahlakaniphile akha inethiwekhi yokuqapha emboza i-delta. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa abalimi azibonisi nje amazinga emvula kuphela kodwa futhi zinikeza izimpendulo zezwi ezisebenzisa izilimi eziningi: “Kulindeleke imvula enkulu ngehora elilodwa. Ncoma ukuthi kumiswe umanyolo.” Esiqhingini saseLeyte ePhilippines, imiphakathi isebenzisa le datha ukwakha izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngeziphepho. Ngonyaka odlule, bahlele ngempumelelo ukususwa kwabantu ngaphambi kwesiphepho esikhulu, bafinyelela kwabangekho abalimele.
“Esikhathini esidlule, besithembele ekubukeni amafu nasekuzweleni umswakama ukuze sibikezele isimo sezulu,” kusho umlimi waseVietnam uTrần Văn Sơn, ebonisa uhlelo lwakhe lokusebenza lweselula ensimini. “Manje, idatha isitshela ulwazi olunembile kakhulu.”
Ukuqamba Okusebenzayo Lapho Kubhekene Nenkinga Yesimo Sezulu
Ukusabalala Kwezokuxhumana: Kusukela Kuthuluzi Kuya Esihlokweni
Ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ividiyo yentsha yasePhilippines ebonisa indlela yokusebenzisa idatha ye-tipping bucket rain gauge ukubikezela isimo sezulu ithole ukubukwa okungaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Ngaphansi kwe-hashtag ethi #MyRainGaugeStory, abalimi, abafundi, kanye nezisebenzi zomphakathi babelana ngendlela leli thuluzi lendabuko elibasiza ngayo ukubhekana nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Ukwanda Okuqhutshwa Yinqubomgomo
Uhulumeni waseThailand wethule uhlelo lwe-“One Village, One Rain Gauge” ngo-2023, esebenzisa izindawo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 kuze kube manje. Le phrojekthi ayigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngemishini kodwa futhi iqeqesha abalimi bendawo ngokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwayo. Ohulumeni bezifundazwe eziningana eMalaysia nabo bafake izinhlelo ezifanayo ezinhlelweni zezolimo ezimelana nesimo sezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kweziqondiso Ezihlukahlukene: Ingxoxo Phakathi Kobuchwepheshe Nezobuntu
EBali, e-Indonesia, abaculi nochwepheshe babambisane ukuguqula idatha yemvula yonyaka wonke ibe ubuciko obuhle, okuvumela umphakathi ukuthi ubone amaphethini esimo sezulu ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokuzwa. Le ndlela entsha ikhipha idatha yesimo sezulu emikhakheni ekhethekile futhi iyiswe emphakathini.
Izinzuzo Ezibonakalayo: Ukuqina Kwezolimo Okuqhutshwa Yidatha
Emasimini esundu likawoyela eJohor, eMalaysia, amarekhodi edatha abonisa ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe: ngemva kokusebenzisa ukunisela okunembile okusekelwe kudatha yemvula, isivuno sezithelo zesundu ngehektha ngalinye sanda ngo-18%, kanti ukonga kwamanzi kwafinyelela ku-35%.
“Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphathwa kwezingozi sekuthuthukile,” kuchaza umphathi wezitshalo u-Ahmad Zahi. “Uma uhlelo luthola amaphethini emvula angajwayelekile, silungisa izinhlelo zokufaka umanyolo kanye nokunisela kusenesikhathi ukuze sigweme ukulahlekelwa.”
EPhilippines, izinkampani zomshuwalense ziqalise imikhiqizo yomshuwalense we-rain index entsha. Uma kuxhunyiwe ama-tipping bucket rain gauges aqopha idatha yesimo sezulu esibi njengoba kuchazwe ezinkontilekeni, inqubo yokufaka izicelo iqala ngokuzenzakalelayo, inciphise kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo sokuhlolwa komshwalense wendabuko kanye nezinkokhelo.
Ngale Kwamathuluzi: Ukwakha Imiphakathi Ekwazi Ukumelana Nesimo Sezulu
Esifundazweni saseBattambang, eCambodia, ama-tip bucket rain gauge aseyingxenye yezokuvakasha kwezemvelo. Abanikazi bezindlu zokuhlala baklama amadivayisi njengokufakwa okusebenzisanayo, okuvumela izivakashi ukuthi ziskene amakhodi e-QR ukuthola idatha yemvula yesikhathi sangempela futhi zihlanganyele emidlalweni yokubikezela isimo sezulu. “Lokhu akulona nje ulwazi lwezokuvakasha,” kusho umholi wephrojekthi. “Futhi kuyiklasi elicacile lemfundo yesimo sezulu.”
Emadolobheni amaningi ePhilippines, abesifazane bathathe indima “yezikhulu zedatha yesimo sezulu.” Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina imishini, ukuqopha idatha, nokwabelana ngemiphumela yokuhlaziya emihlanganweni yomphakathi. “Izinqumo zokuvimbela izinhlekelele zazibuswa ngabesilisa, kodwa manje abesifazane banezwi eliningi ngedatha,” kusho isisebenzi somphakathi.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-Climate Resilience Asia luphawula: “Impumelelo yalobu buchwepheshe isekelwe ekubandakanyekeni kwabo—akudingi ukuthi abasebenzisi babe nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe lobuchwepheshe kodwa luhumusha idatha eyinkimbinkimbi ibe ukwesekwa kokwenza izinqumo okunembile.”
Isistimu Yezinto Eziphilayo Yesikhathi Esizayo: Indlela Idatha Edala Ngayo Inani Elikhulu
Okubonwe embonini kukhombisa ukuthi ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwama-tipping bucket rain gauge kumane kuyisiqalo. ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kwakheka uhlelo lokusungula izinto ezintsha oluzungeze idatha yesimo sezulu sezolimo:
Ukusungula Umshuwalense: Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zihlola imikhiqizo yomshuwalense esekelwe ku-index zisebenzisa idatha yesimo sezulu enembile, zinciphisa izindleko zokuthengiselana futhi zandisa ukumbozwa.
Ukulinywa Kwekhabhoni: Ezindaweni zokulondolozwa kwezindawo ezinamahlathi eMalaysia, idatha enembile yemvula isiza abalimi ukuthi bathuthukise ukunisela, banciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, futhi bahlanganyele ekuhwebeni ngesikweletu sekhabhoni.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kochungechunge Lokunikezela: Ama-cooperative ekhofi eVietnam alungisa izindlela zokucubungula kanye namashejuli okuthumela ngaphandle ngokusekelwe kumaphethini emvula kuzo zonke izifunda, okuthuthukisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo.
Imfundo Nokuqwashisa: Izikole eThailand zifaka ukuqapha imvula ezinhlelweni zesayensi, okuvumela abafundi ukuthi bahlaziye idatha yesimo sezulu sendawo futhi baqonde imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Isilinganiso Semvula Ngemibono Eminingi
“Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kufanele kube kanje—kulula, kube ngokoqobo, futhi kube seduze nezidingo zabantu.” — Isazi socwaningo lwezolimo lwesifunda.
“Ubaba wangifundisa ukufunda amafu, futhi ngamfundisa ukuhlola idatha yemvula efonini yakhe. Lokhu kuwukuhlanganiswa kokuhlakanipha kwezolimo ezizukulwaneni ezimbili.” — Umlimi osemusha wase-Indonesia uyabelana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
“Ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, amathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile yilawo angaqondwa futhi asetshenziswe abantu abavamile.” — Umbiko wephrojekthi yenhlangano yentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe.
Amasu Okuxhumana Anconyiwe:
- Amapulatifomu Amavidiyo Amafushane: Uchungechunge lokukhiqiza olubonisa yonke inqubo—kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwefektri nasekufakweni kwensimu kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwedatha kwamageyiji emvula ebhakedeni eligobhozayo.
- Imiphakathi Yochwepheshe: Shicilela imibiko yesifundo secala ehlaziya izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zezitshalo nezindawo ezahlukene.
- Imithombo Yezindaba Eningi: Dala i-infographics echaza ukuthi amathuluzi endabuko, ngokusebenzisa ukuzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe, asebenza kanjani kwezolimo zesimanje.
- Izikhungo Zemfundo: Thuthukisa amamojula okufundisa avumela abafundi ukuqonda isayensi yesimo sezulu ngokuhlaziya idatha yemvula.
Isiphetho: Lapho Isiko Lihlangana Nesimanje
Emasimini aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kwesilinganiso semvula yebhakede eligobhozayo kulandisa indaba yokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Lokhu akuphathelene nesiko elithatha indawo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kodwa ukuqhubeka kanye nokuguquka kokuhlakanipha kuzo zonke izizukulwane.
Lezi zikali zensimbi, ezifakwe emasimini elayisi, emasimini esundu, nasemagqumeni, zixhumanisa isikhathi esidlule nekusasa ngedatha, zihlanganisa ulwazi lwendawo kanye nesayensi yomhlaba wonke, futhi zixhumanisa yonke imiphakathi esengozini yesimo sezulu nemizamo yabantu yokubhekana nezinselele.
Zisikhumbuza: ekubhekaneni nenselele yomhlaba wonke yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izixazululo zingase zibe semathuluzini esinawo kakade—adinga nje ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuxhumana, kanye nesibindi sokubhekana nekusasa.
Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-29-2025