Njengoba izivunguvungu kanye nesomiso kuhlasela leli qoqo leziqhingi, "inqolobane yerayisi" yesizwe isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe buthule obuvela emikhakheni yezindiza kanye neyezimboni, iguqula ukushaya okungalindelekile kwemifula yayo kube idatha engasetshenziswa ngabalimi.
Ngo-2023, iSuper Typhoon Goring yahlasela iLuzon, yabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezolimo okungaphezu kuka-₱3 billion. Kodwa eNueva Ecija—inhliziyo “yenqolobane yerayisi” yasePhilippines—abanye abaholi bama-cooperative okunisela abazange balale njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi babenjalo eminyakeni edlule. Emafonini abo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwalubonisa buthule izinga lamanzi kanye nedatha yokugeleza ngesikhathi sangempela evela ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zemifula iMagat nePampanga engenhla. Lolu lwazi luvela kudivayisi eyaziwa ngokuthi “umlindi ongaxhumani”: inzwa yezinga le-radar yamanzi.
Kwezolimo zasePhilippines, ezincike kakhulu ekuniseleni kwemvelo, amanzi angumthombo wokuphila kanye nengozi engalawuleki kakhulu. Ngokwesiko, ochwepheshe bamanzi babethembele kokuhlangenwe nakho, ama-rain gauge, kanye nezilinganiso eziyingozi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze baqagele isimo somfula. Namuhla, ukungena kobuchwepheshe okuhloswe ngakho ukusebenzisa ukuqiniseka ukulwa nokungaqiniseki kuqala emifuleni ebalulekile kanye nasemiseleni yokunisela.
Inselele Eyinhloko: Kungani iPhilippines? Kungani iRadar?
Izinkinga zokuphathwa kwamanzi ezibhekene nezolimo zasePhilippines ziyizimo lapho ubuchwepheshe be-radar buhamba phambili khona:
- “Usongo Oluphindwe Kabili” Lwesimo Sezulu Esibi Kakhulu: Izivunguvungu ziletha izikhukhula ngesikhathi semvula, kuyilapho ukushoda kwamanzi kugadla ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ezolimo zidinga isikhathi esiqondile sokugcina nokukhulula amanzi.
- Ubuthaka Bengqalasizinda: Izinhlelo eziningi zokunisela zindala futhi imisele igcwele udaka. Ukuntuleka kwedatha yezinga lamanzi kuholela ekusakazweni kwamanzi okungalingani kanye nezingxabano ezivame ukuba khona phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaphezulu nabaphansi komfula.
- Ukufanisa “Inani” “Nephrofayili”: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa zokuthintana ezibizayo neziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze zifakwe, izinzwa zezinga le-radar zesimanje zibone ukwehla okukhulu kwentengo. Zingafinyelela ukuqapha okungahleliwe “kokufaka nokukhohlwa” ezindaweni ezikude zisebenzisa amandla elanga namanethiwekhi angenantambo (njengamaselula). Amandla azo okulinganisa okungaxhunywanga azenza zingangenwa yimfucumfucu, udaka, kanye nokuxokozela ngesikhathi sezikhukhula.
Izimo Zohlelo Lokusebenza: I-Data Loop kusukela ku-Warning kuya ku-Optimization
Isimo 1: “Umqaphi Wezikhukhula” Wesizini Yesiphepho
ESigodini saseCagayan, igunya lamanzi lathumela inethiwekhi ye-radar emifuleni emikhulu engenhla komfula. Lapho i-radar ibona ukuphakama okukhulu kwamanzi okungamasentimitha angu-50 zingakapheli amahora amathathu ngenxa yemvula enamandla eqhubekayo ezintabeni, uhlelo luthumela ngokuzenzakalelayo izexwayiso kuzo zonke izifunda zokunisela eziphakathi nendawo ezingezansi komfula kanye nezindawo eziphansi. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba elibalulekile lamahora angu-6-12 lokuvuna amasimu, ukuhlanza amanzi, kanye nokuthutha izimpahla, kuguqula "ukuba yisisulu esingenzi lutho" kube "ukuvimbela inhlekelele esebenzayo."
Isimo 2: “I-Actuary Yokwabiwa Kwamanzi” Yesikhathi Sokomisa
Ezifundeni zokunisela ezizungeze iLaguna de Bay, i-radar iqapha izinga lamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela ezindaweni zokungenisa amanzi. Kuhlanganiswe nezibikezelo zemvula kanye nedatha yomswakama wenhlabathi, imodeli elula ye-AI ingabikezela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi endaweni yonke ezinsukwini ezi-5 ezizayo. Izinhlangano zokunisela bese zidala amashejuli okujikeleza aqondile ngehora, asatshalaliswe kubalimi nge-SMS. Lokhu kunciphisa imfucuza kanye nokungqubuzana okuvela ekuxubeni kwamanzi okungahlelekile, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokunisela cishe ngo-20% ngesikhathi sesomiso sika-2023.
Isimo 3: “Umsabalalisi Ohlangene” Wezindawo Zokuchitha Amanzi Nemifula
Esigodini soMfula iPampanga, idatha yerada ihlanganiswe ohlelweni lokuphatha olukhulu lwe-“Smart Basin”. Uhlelo luhlaziya amazinga omfula kanye nokugcinwa kwedamu elingaphezulu ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphambi kwesiphepho, luncoma ukukhishwa kwamanzi kusengaphambili ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokugcina amanzi; ngaphambi kwesizini eyomile, lucebisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kusengaphambili. Idatha yesikhathi sangempela enikezwa yirada yenza lesi senzo sokulinganisela esibucayi sibe nokwenzeka.
Isimo 4: Ukusekela Isu Likazwelonke “Lokulima Okusebenzisa Isimo Sezulu”
UMnyango Wezolimo wasePhilippines ukhuthaza imikhuba yokulima ehambisana nesimo sezulu. Isethi yedatha yesikhathi eside, eqhubekayo yamanzi enikezwa yi-radar iba ubufakazi obubalulekile bokuqinisekisa nokwenza ngcono le mikhuba (njengokulungisa amakhalenda okutshala irayisi noma ukukhuthaza izinhlobo ezimelana nesomiso). Idatha ifakazela ukusebenza kahle kokungenelela, okusiza ekuqinisekiseni uxhaso lwezimali oluhambisana nesimo sezulu lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinselele Zokuhlalisana Kwasendaweni Nokuhlanganiswa Komphakathi
Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo ePhilippines kudinga ukuzivumelanisa okujulile nezimo zendawo:
- Amandla Nokuxhumana: Ukusebenzisa umklamo wamandla aphansi + amaphaneli elanga + amanethiwekhi e-hybrid e-4G/LoRaWAN kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kuyaqhubeka izinsuku eziningi ngisho nasezintabeni ezikude noma ngesikhathi sokucima kogesi okubangelwa yiziphepho.
- Umklamo Omelana Nezinhlekelele: Izinsika zokufaka izinzwa ziyaqiniswa ukuze zimelane nemimoya enamandla kanye nemiphumela yezikhukhula. Ama-antenna anombani kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinyoni.
- Ukunika Amandla Umphakathi: Idatha ayihlali emahhovisi kahulumeni. Ngezaziso ze-SMS ezilula ezinemibala (obomvu/ophuzi/oluhlaza) kanye nomsakazo womphakathi, ngisho nabalimi abavamile bangaqonda futhi basebenzise lolu lwazi, bahumushe ubuchwepheshe bube isenzo somphakathi.
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Kusukela Kumaphuzu Kuya Kumephu Yamanzi Enenethiwekhi
Isiteshi se-radar esisodwa simane nje siyinto ebalulekile. Umbono wasePhilippines ukwakha “iNethiwekhi Yokuzwa Kwe-Hydrological” kazwelonke, ehlanganisa iziteshi ze-radar zomfula, ama-rain gauge, izinzwa zomhlabathi, kanye nedatha yokuzwa ekude yesathelayithi. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza “iMephu Yebhalansi Yamanzi Yesikhathi Sangempela” yezifunda ezinkulu zezolimo zezwe, okuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlela imithombo yamanzi kazwelonke kanye nokumelana nezinhlekelele zezolimo.
Isiphetho: Lapho Ezolimo Zendabuko Zihlangabezana Nokuzwela Kwebanga Lezindiza
Ezizukulwaneni zabalimi basePhilippines “abalima ngokwesimo sezulu,” ithuluzi lesiliva elinobuntu elisembhoshongweni oseceleni komfula ongenhla limelela ushintsho olukhulu: kusukela ekuthandazeni konkulunkulu ukuze isimo sezulu sibe ngcono kuya ekuxoxisaneni ngokuhlakanipha ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngedatha.
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