Izidingo Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi YasePhilippines

I-Philippines iyizwe leziqhingi elinogu olude kanye nemithombo eminingi yasemanzini. I-aquaculture (ikakhulukazi izimfanzi ne-tilapia) iyinsika ebalulekile yezomnotho yezwe. Kodwa-ke, ukulima okuminyanisa kakhulu kuholela ekwandeni kwe-carbon dioxide (CO₂) emanzini, ngokuyinhloko okuvela ekuphefumuleni kwezinto eziphilayo ezifuywayo kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.

Amazinga e-CO₂ aphezulu kakhulu abeka izinsongo eziqondile:

1. I-Acidification Yamanzi: I-CO₂ incibilika emanzini ukuze yakhe i-carbonic acid, yehlise i-pH futhi ithinte imisebenzi yemvelo yempilo yasemanzini. Lokhu kulimaza kakhulu inqubo yokubala kwe-shellfish nama-crustaceans (njenge-shrimp), okuholela ekukhuleni kwegobolondo okubi.
2. Ubuthi: Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-CO₂ kuyi-narcotic futhi kunobuthi ezinhlanzini, kulimaza amasistimu azo okuphefumula futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba sengozini yezifo.
3. Impendulo Yokucindezelwa: Ngisho nangaphansi kwamazinga anobuthi obunamandla, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-CO₂ ephakeme kubangela ingcindezi ezinhlotsheni ezifuywayo, okuholela ekukhuleni okunciphile kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokuphakelayo.

Nakuba ukuqapha kwe-pH okungokwesiko kungabonisa izinguquko ze-asidi ngokungaqondile, akukwazi ukuhlukanisa umthombo we-asidi (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivela ku-CO₂ noma amanye ama-asidi aphilayo). Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha okuqondile, kwesikhathi sangempela kokucindezela ingxenye ye-carbon dioxide (pCO₂) emanzini kubaluleka.

Ikesi Eliqanjiwe: Ipulazi le-Shrimp e-Pangasinan, e-Luzon

Igama Lephrojekthi: Iphrojekthi Yokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi esekelwe ku-IoT

Indawo: Ipulazi lezimfanzi eliphakathi nendawo esifundazweni sasePangasinan esiqhingini saseLuzon.

Isixazululo Sobuchwepheshe:
Ipulazi lenze uhlelo lokuqapha lwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) oluhlanganiswe nezinzwa zegesi ze-CO₂ zekhwalithi yamanzi. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zazihlanganisa:

• Inzwa ye-In-situ Submersible CO₂: Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR). Le nzwa inikeza ukunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside, okuvumela ukukala okuqondile kokucindezela okuyingxenye yegesi ye-CO₂ encibilikisiwe.
• I-Multi-Parameter Water Quality Sonde: Ukulinganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa amapharamitha angukhiye afana ne-pH, I-Oxygen Echithiwe (DO), izinga lokushisa, nosawoti.
• I-Data Logger kanye Nemojuli Yokudluliswa: Idatha yenzwa idluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela endaweni yamafu ngenethiwekhi engenantambo (isb, i-4G/5G noma i-LoRaWAN).
• Ukulawula Okumaphakathi Nohlelo Lwezixwayiso: Abalimi bangabuka idatha yesikhathi sangempela namathrendi omlando kukhompuyutha noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Uhlelo luhlelwe ngemikhawulo yokuphepha yokugxila kwe-CO₂; i-alamu ezenzakalelayo (i-SMS noma isaziso sohlelo lokusebenza) iyaqaliswa uma amazinga eqa umkhawulo.

Inqubo yesicelo kanye nenani:

1. Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Abalimi bangakwazi ukuqapha amazinga e-CO₂ echibini ngalinye 24/7, basuke ekuthembeleni kumasampuli okwenziwa ngesandla, amasampula amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelebhu.
2. Ukuthatha Izinqumo Okuqondile:
   • Lapho isistimu ixwayisa amazinga e-CO₂ akhuphukayo, abalimi bangakwazi ukuvula ama-aera noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukwenyuka komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe akuhlangabezani nesidingo sezinto eziphilayo kuphela kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo ngamabhaktheriya e-aerobic, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-CO₂ emthonjeni.
   • Ukuhlobanisa idatha ne-pH nezinga lokushisa kuvumela ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwayo yonke impilo yamanzi kanye nemiphumela enobuthi ye-CO₂.
3. Izinzuzo Ezithuthukisiwe:
   • Ukunciphisa Ubungozi: Ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuqubuka kwezifo ezinkulu noma izehlakalo zokufa ezitokisini zezimfanzi okubangelwa ukunqwabelana kwe-CO₂.
   • Isivuno Esikhulisiwe: Ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lamanzi kuholela emazingeni okukhula okusheshayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo okuthuthukisiwe, ekugcineni kukhuphule ukukhiqizwa kanye nembuyiselo yezomnotho.
   • Ukonga Izindleko: Kwehlisa ukushintshana kwamanzi okungadingekile (konga amanzi namandla) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, okuvumela imodeli yokulima ehambisana nemvelo futhi esimeme.

Ezinye izindawo ezingase zifake izicelo (kumongo we-Philippine)

1. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza: Izindawo eziningi ePhilippines zithembele emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuqapha i-CO₂ emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kusiza ukuhlola umthelela womsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba (isb, intaba-mlilo) kukhwalithi yamanzi futhi kunqume ukugqwala kwawo, okubalulekile ekuvikelweni kwamapayipi.
2. Ucwaningo Lwezemvelo kanye Nokuqapha Ukuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu: Amanzi asePhilippines ayizinki zekhabhoni ezibalulekile. Izikhungo zocwaningo zingase zithumele izinzwa ze-CO₂ ezinembayo eziphezulu ezindaweni zasolwandle ezibalulekile (isb., izifunda zama-coral reef) ukuze zifunde ukumuncwa kwe-CO₂ olwandle kanye nomphumela we-acidification yolwandle, zinikeze idatha yokuvikela imvelo ebuthakathaka njengezixhobo zamakhorali.
3. Ukuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile: Ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile emadolobheni, ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ phakathi nezinqubo zebhayoloji kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa nokubala imikhondo yekhabhoni.

Izinselelo kanye Nekusasa Le-Outlook

• Izinselelo:
  • Izindleko: Izinzwa ze-in-situ ezinembayo eziphezulu zihlala zibiza kakhulu, zimelela utshalomali olubalulekile lwabalimi abasafufusa.
  • Ukunakekela: Izinzwa zidinga ukulinganisa okuvamile nokuhlanzwa (ukuvimbela i-biofouling), kufuna izinga elithile lekhono lobuchwepheshe kubasebenzisi.
  • Ingqalasizinda: Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kanye nokufakwa kwenethiwekhi kungaba yinkinga ezindaweni ezikude eziqhingini.
• I-Outlook:
  • Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa buthuthuka nezindleko zehla, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ePhilippines kuzokwanda kakhulu.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuzovumela amasistimu ukuthi angagcini nje ngokuxwayisa kodwa futhi abikezele ukuthambekela kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngokufunda ngomshini, kuvula indlela yokufaka umoya okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuphakela—kuqhubekele “ekulweni kwezilwane zasemanzini ezihlakaniphile” zangempela.
  • Uhulumeni nezinhlangano zezimboni zingase ziphromothe lobu buchwepheshe njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusimama komkhakha we-aquaculture wase-Philippine.

Isiphetho

Nakuba ukuthola idokhumenti ethile enesihloko esithi “Case Study of CO₂ Sensor Application by XX Company in the Philippines” kungase kube inselele, kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi izinzwa ze-CO₂ zekhwalithi yamanzi zinamandla amakhulu futhi aphuthumayo okufaka isicelo e-Philippines, ikakhulukazi embonini yayo yegumbi lesisekelo ye-aquaculture. Imele uguquko oludingekayo ukusuka ekulimeni okusekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwendabuko kuya ekuphathweni kolwazi, okunembayo, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kokudla kwezwe kanye nokuzinza kwezomnotho.

Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene

1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi

2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi

3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi

4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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