Isingeniso
Enkathini yezimvula ezivame ukwanda, idivayisi ebonakala ilula—i-tipping bucket rain gauge—isiba umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekuvimbeleni izikhukhula ngokuhlakanipha. Ifinyelela kanjani ukuqapha okunembile ngesimiso sayo esiyisisekelo? Futhi ithenga kanjani isikhathi esiyigugu sokwenza izinqumo zokulawula izikhukhula zasemadolobheni? Lo mbiko ukuyisa ngemuva kwezigcawu.
Umzimba Oyinhloko
Eziteshini zokuhlola isimo sezulu, emadamini okugcina amanzi, ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude zezintaba, amadivayisi amhlophe angenakuqhathaniswa asebenza ubusuku nemini. Lawa ama-tipping rain gauge, “ama-sentinels” angadunyiswanga ezinhlelo zokuqapha zamanzi zesimanje.
Isimiso Esiyinhloko: Ubulula Buhlangabezana Nokunemba
Igeyiji yemvula yebhakede eligobhozayo isebenza ngesimiso sokulinganisa ngomshini. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko iqukethe “amabhakede” amabili alinganayo, afana nesilinganiso esibucayi. Njengoba amanzi emvula eqoqana nge-funnel futhi egcwalisa ibhakede elilodwa, afinyelela umthamo onqunyiwe (ngokuvamile u-0.1 mm noma u-0.5 mm wemvula). Kuleli qophelo, amandla adonsela phansi abangela ukuthi ibhakede ligobhoze ngokushesha, lichithe okuqukethwe kwalo ngenkathi elinye ibhakede lihamba liye endaweni yalo ukuze liqhubeke nokuqoqa. Iphuzu ngalinye libangela isignali ye-elekthronikhi eqoshwe njenge-“pulse,” futhi inani lemvula kanye nobukhulu kubalwa ngokunembile ngokubala la ma-pulse.
Izimo Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza:
- Isexwayiso Sokugcwala Kwamanzi Emadolobheni
Njengoba zisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphansi, ezindaweni zokungena ngaphansi, kanye nasezindaweni zokungena ezikhungweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, lezi zigeji ziqapha ukuqina kwemvula ngesikhathi sangempela, zinikeza idatha eminyangweni yokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kusebenze izinqubo zokukhipha amanzi. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zika-2022 eShenzhen, inethiwekhi yezigeji zemvula ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 ezikhipha amanzi zikhiphe ngempumelelo izixwayiso ngezindawo ezingu-12 zokugcwala kwamanzi. - Ukubikezela Izikhukhula Zezintaba kanye Nezinhlekelele Zendawo
Njengoba zifakwe eceleni kwemifudlana yezintaba kanye nezindawo ezingaba yingozi kwezemvelo, la madivayisi aqapha imvula enqwabelanayo kanye nemvula enkulu yesikhathi esifushane ukuze abikezele izingozi zezikhukhula. E-Nanping, eSifundazweni saseFujian, inethiwekhi enjalo yakhipha isixwayiso sezikhukhula zesikhashana ihora elilodwa kusengaphambili, iqinisekisa ukuphuma kwabantu bendawo abangaphezu kuka-2,000 ngokuphephile. - Ukunisela Okuhlakaniphile Kwezolimo
Ihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokunisela zasepulazini, amageyiji alungisa amashejuli okunisela ngokusekelwe kudatha yemvula yangempela. Amapulazi amakhulu eSifundazweni saseJiangsu abike ukuthuthuka okungaphezu kuka-30% ekusebenzeni kahle kwamanzi ngemuva kokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. - Ukulinganiswa Kwemodeli Ye-Hydrological
Njengomthombo oyisisekelo nothembekile wedatha yemvula, la mageji ahlinzeka ngokuqinisekiswa kwamamodeli okubikezela izikhukhula zasemfuleni. I-Yellow River Conservancy Commission isebenzise amageji emvula angaphezu kuka-5,000 ezindaweni zayo eziyinhloko kanye nemifudlana.
Ukuvela Kwezobuchwepheshe: Kusukela Kumashini Kuya Kuhlakaniphile
Isizukulwane sakamuva sama-tipping bucket rain gauge sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-IoT. Sihlonyiswe nge-GPS positioning kanye namamojula okudlulisa i-4G/5G, idatha ilayishwa ngesikhathi sangempela kumapulatifomu amafu. Izinhlelo zamandla elanga zivumela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude. Ngo-2023, uhlelo lwe-“Sky Eye Rain Monitoring” lweSifundazwe saseHenan lwahlanganisa iziteshi zemvula ezihlakaniphile ezingaphezu kuka-8,000, oluhlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zemvula esifundazweni sonke umzuzu ngamunye.
Umbono Wochwepheshe
“Ungayithathi kalula le divayisi yemishini,” kusho uZhang Mingyuan, unjiniyela omkhulu eNational Meteorological Center. “Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-optical rain gauge, ama-tipping bucket rain gauge awathinteki nhlobo yinkungu noma amazolo, okwenza izilinganiso zisondele kakhulu emvuleni yangempela. Ukuthembeka kwawo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko akunakufakwa esikhundleni sokuqapha iziphepho zemvula ezingazelelwe.”
Isiphetho
Kusukela ezintabeni eziphakeme kuya emakhoneni emigwaqo yasemadolobheni, laba “baqaphi” abathule bavikela izimpilo kanye nempahla ngendlela eqondile kakhulu. Naphezu kokungaqiniseki kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, i-tipping bucket rain gauge, okusunguliwe okungaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, kuyaqhubeka nokuchuma ngamandla avuselelwe.
Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze uthole ama-RAIN GAGES engeziwe ulwazi,
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-01-2025