Isingeniso
I-Peru, eyaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezihlukene kanye namagugu ezolimo anothile, ibhekene nezinselelo ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokuphathwa kwamanzi nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu. Ezweni lapho ezolimo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezomnotho futhi ziwumthombo wokuphila kwezigidi zabantu, idatha enembile yesimo sezulu ibalulekile. Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu kulokhu yi-igeji yemvula. Leli thuluzi elilula kodwa elisebenzayo lihlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nemvula, lisiza abalimi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bathuthukise izindlela zabo zezolimo.
Ukuqonda ama-Rain Gauges
Igeji yemvula iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa ukukala inani lemvula yoketshezi esikhathini esithile. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamageji emvula, okuhlanganisa izinguqulo ezenziwa ngesandla nezizenzakalelayo. Lezi zisetshenziswa ziqoqa amanzi emvula esitsheni esineziqu, okuvumela ukulinganiswa okunembile kokujula kwemvula. Kubalimi, lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuhleleni izikhathi zokutshala, izidingo zokunisela, nokuphathwa kwezitshalo.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi
Ukushoda kwamanzi kuyinselelo enkulu ezifundeni eziningi zasePeru, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjenge-Andes kanye nogwadule olusogwini. Izikali zemvula zisiza abalimi ukuthi baqaphe amazinga emvula, okubavumela ukuthi baphathe izinsiza zamanzi ngempumelelo kakhudlwana. Ngokwazi ukuthi ingakanani imvula enilethile, abalimi banganquma ukuthi badinga ukunisela izitshalo zabo noma ukuthi imvula yakamuva inikeze umswakama owanele.
UJuan Ortiz, unjiniyela wezolimo ozinze eLima, uthi: “Kubalimi abasezindaweni ezomile, ulwazi olunembile mayelana nemvula lubalulekile. “Ngegeji yemvula, bangagwema ukuchelela ngokweqile noma ukunisela kancane amasimu abo, okungase kulimaze isivuno.”
Ukusekela Ukuhlela Nokuphathwa Kwezitshalo
Isikhathi kanye nenani lemvula linethonya elikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo. Ngamageji emvula, abalimi bangakwazi ukuhlela kangcono izikhathi zabo zokutshala nokuvuna. Isibonelo, ukuqonda ukuthi inkathi yemvula iqala nini kuvumela abalimi ukuthi batshale izitshalo ezihambisana nezimo zezulu ezilindelekile.
Ezifundeni lapho ukulima kokuziphilisa kudlangile, njengasezindaweni eziphakeme, ulwazi olufika ngesikhathi olunikezwa amageji emvula lungasho umehluko phakathi kwesivuno esiyimpumelelo kanye nokwehluleka kwezitshalo. Abalimi bangakwazi ukulungisa imisebenzi yabo ngokusekelwe emaphethini emvula, bathuthukise amandla abo okumelana nesimo sezulu esingalindelekile futhi bakhulise umkhiqizo wabo.
Ukunciphisa Ukuhlukahluka Kwesimo Sezulu
Isimo sezulu sasePeru sithintwa yizigigaba ezifana ne-El Niño ne-La Niña, okuholela ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izimvula ezinamandla kanye nesomiso esithatha isikhathi eside. Amageji emvula adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu esinjalo ngokunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela engasiza abalimi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo.
Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi neminyaka ka-El Niño, izindawo ezingase zibe nemvula enkulu zingazuza ekwazisweni okufika ngesikhathi okuqoqwe ngamageji emvula. Ngokuphambene, ezindaweni ezithandwa isomiso, ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ulindele nini imvula kungasiza abalimi bazilungiselele - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngamasu okonga amanzi noma ngokukhetha izitshalo ezimelana nesomiso.
Ukuthuthukisa Ucwaningo Nentuthuko Yezolimo
Izikali zemvula nazo zibalulekile ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni imizamo yezolimo. Ngokuqoqa idatha mayelana namaphethini emvula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abacwaningi bangahlaziya izitayela futhi benze izincomo zokwenziwa ngcono kwezolimo. Le datha ingazisa izinqubomgomo eziphathelene namasu okushintsha isimo sezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kokunisela, kanye nezinqubo ezisimeme zokusebenzisa umhlaba.
"Izikhungo zocwaningo zithembele emininingwaneni enembayo nengaguquguquki yemvula yokufanisa nokubikezela imiphumela yezolimo," kuchaza uDkt. Maria Gonzalez, isazi sesimo sezulu se-agro-meteorologist eNyuvesi yasePeru. “Ulwazi oluqoqwe ezilinganisweni zemvula lubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amasu okuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla lapho kubhekwana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.”
Ukuhlanganyela Nokuqeqeshwa Komphakathi
Ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zamageji emvula, uhulumeni wasePeruvia kanye nama-NGO ahlukahlukene aya ngokuya etshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha umphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo zifundisa abalimi ukuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani izikali zemvula ngempumelelo futhi bahumushe imininingwane abayinikezayo. Ngokunikeza amandla abalimi bendawo, le mizamo ikhuthaza ukuphathwa okungcono kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuqonda okwengeziwe kwesimo sezulu.
“Ukuqeqesha abalimi ukusebenzisa nokufunda izikali zemvula kwakha umphakathi wezolimo onolwazi kakhudlwana,” kusho uPedro Ruiz, uthisha wasemaphandleni asePeru. "Kubenza bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha eyiqiniso, yesikhathi sangempela esikhundleni sokuqagela."
Isiphetho
Umthelela wamageji emvula kwezolimo ePeru awukwazi ukweqiwa. Ngokuhlinzeka ngedatha ebalulekile mayelana nemvula, lezi zisetshenziswa zithuthukisa ukuphathwa kwamanzi, zisekela ukuhlelwa kwezitshalo, futhi zisize abalimi bazivumelanise nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba izwe liqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele ezidalwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushoda kwamanzi, indima yezikali zemvula izohlala ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni izindlela ezisimeme zezolimo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla kwezigidi ezithembele kwezolimo ukuze ziziphilise. Ukutshala imali engqalasizinda kanye nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kusetshenziswe kabanzi izikali zemvula kubalulekile ekwakheni umkhakha wezolimo oqinile ePeru.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwenzwa yegeji yemvula,
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-17-2025