Naphezu kwesizinda semithombo yamanzi yomhlaba wonke enciphile, izinzwa zamandla amanzi enhlabathini, njengethuluzi elibalulekile lobuchwepheshe bezolimo, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zasemapulazini emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ezivinini eCalifornia, e-USA kuya emapulazini ahlangene kwa-Israyeli, kusukela emasimini ekhofi eBrazil kuya emasimini kakolweni e-Australia, le divayisi engalinganisa ngokunembile ukucindezeleka kwamanzi enhlabathini isiza abalimi ukuphatha ukunisela ngokwesayensi futhi bafinyelele ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwemithombo yamanzi.
I-United States: Ukunisela ngokunembile kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yewayini
Esifundeni sewayini esidumile saseNapa Valley, eCalifornia, izinzwa zamandla okusebenzisa amanzi enhlabathini ziguqula indlela yendabuko yokuphathwa kwesivini. Abenzi bewayini basebenzisa la madivayisi ukuqapha izimo zomswakama zezingxenye ezahlukene zenhlabathi nokulawula ngokunembile isikhathi kanye nomthamo wokunisela.
“Ngokulondoloza amandla amahle kakhulu okusebenzisa amanzi enhlabathini, asikwazi nje ukonga u-30% wamanzi okunisela, kodwa futhi sithuthukise ibhalansi kashukela-asidi yamagilebhisi,” kusho umphathi wezolimo wefektri yewayini yendawo. “Lokhu kubonakala ngqo enkingeni yokunambitheka kwewayini, okwenza imikhiqizo yethu incintisane kakhulu emakethe.”
I-Israel: Imodeli yobuchwepheshe yezolimo zasehlane
Njengomholi womhlaba wonke ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi, i-Israel isebenzise kabanzi izinzwa zamandla amanzi enhlabathi ezinhlelweni zayo zokunisela ezithuthukisiwe. Ezindaweni zezolimo zaseNegev Desert, lezi zinzwa zixhunywe ezinhlelweni zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kufezwe ukunisela okunembile okusekelwe ngokuphelele ezidingweni zezitshalo.
“Uhlelo lwethu lungaqala ukunisela ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho amandla amanzi enhlabathi efika emkhawulweni othile,” kwethulwa uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. “Lo modeli 'wokuphakelwa kwamanzi okudingekayo' usenza sikwazi ukugcina umkhiqizo ophezulu ngisho nasezindaweni ezomile kakhulu, ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi esiphezulu esingama-95%.
IBrazil: Ukuvikela amahlathi emvula ngenkathi kwandiswa umkhiqizo
Emasimini ekhofi kanye nomoba esifundeni saseCerrado eBrazil, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zamanzi enhlabathi kusiza abalimi ukulinganisela ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngokuqapha ngokunembile izinguquko emswakama wenhlabathi, abalimi bangagwema ukunisela ngokweqile, banciphise ukulahleka kwezakhamzimba kanye nokungcola kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
“Asisathembeli ezinhlelweni zokunisela ezihleliwe kodwa senza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinzwa,” kusho umphathi wepulazi elikhulu lekhofi. “Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngo-20%, kodwa futhi kwandisa umkhiqizo ngo-15%, kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela omubi ohlelweni lwemvelo oluzungezile.”
I-Australia: Izixazululo Ezihlakaniphile Zokubhekana Nezimo Zezulu Ezingomile
Njengoba bebhekene nezimo zesomiso ezivame ukwenzeka, abalimi base-Australia basebenzisa ngenkuthalo izinzwa zamanzi enhlabathini ukuze bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi. Emapulazini kakolweni eNew South Wales, la madivayisi asiza abalimi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zithola inani elifanele lamanzi ngesikhathi sokukhula okubalulekile, ngenkathi begwema ukuchitha imithombo yamanzi ayigugu ngezikhathi ezingezona ezibucayi.
“Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvula engaqinisekile, wonke amaconsi amanzi ayigugu,” kusho umlimi. “Idatha yamanzi enhlabathi isenza sikwazi ukunikeza inani elifanele lamanzi ngesikhathi esifanele, okubalulekile ekugcineni inzuzo yepulazi.”
I-India: Izicelo Ezintsha Zomnotho Wabalimi Abancane
Ngisho naseNdiya, lapho ukulima okuncane kuyiwona mnotho ohamba phambili, izinzwa zamanzi enhlabathini zithole amamodeli okusebenza amasha. EPunjab, amapulazi amaningi amancane abelana ngohlelo lwezinzwa futhi athola iziphakamiso zokunisela ngamaselula, ejabulela izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembile ngentengo ephansi kakhulu.
“Asikwazi ukukhokhela uhlelo lokunisela oluphelele oluhlakaniphile, kodwa izinsizakalo zezinzwa ezihlanganyelwe ziyenzeka,” kusho inhloko yebhizinisi labalimi bendawo. “Lokhu kusisize ukunciphisa ugesi ompompa amanzi ngo-25% ngenkathi kwandisa isivuno sezitshalo.”
Umongo wobuchwepheshe: Kusukela kudatha kuya ekwenzeni izinqumo
Izinzwa zamanzi enhlabathi zanamuhla, ezisekelwe ezimisweni zama-tensiometer noma izinzwa zesimo esiqinile, zingalinganisa ngokunembile ukuthi izimpande zezitshalo zimunca kalula kanjani amanzi enhlabathini. Le datha, uma ihlanganiswa namamodeli okukhula kwezitshalo, inganikeza abalimi ukwesekwa okunembile kwezinqumo zokunisela.
“Isihluthulelo asigcini nje ngokulinganisa amandla amanzi enhlabathini, kodwa futhi nokuguqula le datha ibe yiziphakamiso zokuphatha ezisebenzisekayo,” kusho umqondisi wocwaningo nentuthuko wenkampani yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. “Sizibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile ukuze sihlanganise idatha yamandla amanzi enhlabathi nezibikezelo zezulu, izigaba zokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nolunye ulwazi, sinikeze ukwesekwa okuphelele kwezinqumo.”
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukukhuthazwa Komhlaba Wonke kanye Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe
Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke kuqhubeka ngamandla kanye nenkinga enkulu yokuntuleka kwamanzi, kulindeleke ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zamanzi enhlabathini kuqhubeke nokukhula. Abacwaningi bathuthukisa izinzwa ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zabalimi abancane emazweni asathuthuka.
“Izinzwa zamanzi enhlabathi zesikhathi esizayo zizoba ezihlakaniphile futhi zixhunywe kunethiwekhi,” kusho umhlaziyi wemboni. “Zizosebenza ngokuzimela iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kokulungiswa futhi zixhunywe ngamanethiwekhi anamandla aphansi ukuze zakhe inethiwekhi yokuphathwa kwamanzi ehlakaniphile ehlanganisa lonke ipulazi.”
Kusukela emapulazini asezingeni eliphezulu emazweni athuthukile kuya ezindaweni zokulima zendabuko emazweni asathuthuka, izinzwa zamanzi enhlabathi ziguqula indlela imithombo yamanzi yezolimo ephathwa ngayo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehla okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, leli thuluzi lokunisela elinembile kulindeleke ukuthi lidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kokudla emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi okusimeme, linikeze izixazululo ezisebenzayo nezingenzeka enkingeni yamanzi yomhlaba wonke.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-24-2025