Isidingo esikhulayo samanzi ahlanzekile sibangela ukushoda kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba inani labantu liqhubeka nokukhula futhi abantu abaningi bethuthela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izikhungo zamanzi zibhekene nezinselele eziningi ezihlobene nokusebenza kwazo kokuhlinzeka ngamanzi nokwelashwa. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi endawo akunakunganakwa, njengoba iZizwe Ezihlangene zilinganisela ukuthi amadolobha aqukethe u-12% wazo zonke izindlela zokukhipha amanzi ahlanzekile. [1] Ngaphezu kwesidingo esikhulayo samanzi, izikhungo zamanzi zilwela ukuhambisana nomthetho omusha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, amazinga okwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nezinyathelo zokuzinza ngenkathi zibhekene nengqalasizinda egugayo kanye nokuxhaswa ngemali okulinganiselwe.
Izimboni eziningi nazo zisengozini yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Amanzi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ukuze apholise futhi ahlanze, futhi amanzi angcolile avelayo kumele aphathwe ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe kabusha noma abuyiselwe emvelweni. Ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa, njengezinhlayiya zikawoyela ezincane, futhi zingakha insalela edinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Izindlela zokwelapha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kumele zibe nezindleko eziphansi futhi zikwazi ukwelapha amanzi angcolile amaningi ngamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye namazinga e-pH.
Ukufinyelela ekuhlungeni okusebenzayo kakhulu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sezixazululo zokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ama-membrane okuhlunga athuthukisiwe anikeza indlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi eyonga amandla, futhi abakhiqizi baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zezikhungo zezimboni nezomasipala futhi bahlale bephambili endaweni yokulawula eshintshayo yokongiwa kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi. Iziphepho ezinkulu kanye nezikhukhula kungalimaza ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, kwandise ukusabalala kokungcola, futhi ukuphakama kwamazinga olwandle kungaholela ekungeneni kwamanzi anosawoti amaningi. Isomiso esinde sinciphisa amanzi atholakalayo, kanti izifundazwe eziningana zaseNtshonalanga, okuhlanganisa i-Arizona, iCalifornia kanye ne-Nevada, zibeka imikhawulo yokongiwa kwemvelo ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi eMfuleni iColorado.
Ingqalasizinda yokuphakelwa kwamanzi nayo idinga ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Ocwaningweni lwayo lwakamuva lwezidingo zezindawo zamanzi ezihlanzekile, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ithole ukuthi kuzodingeka amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-630 eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile anele, kanti u-55% waleyo mali iyadingeka engqalasizinda yamanzi angcolile. [2] Ezinye zalezi zidingo zivela ezindinganisweni ezintsha zokwelashwa kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa noMthetho Wamanzi Okuphuza Aphephile kanye nomthetho obeka amazinga aphezulu amakhemikhali anjenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Inqubo yokuhlunga ephumelelayo ibalulekile ekususeni lokhu kungcola kanye nokuhlinzeka ngomthombo wamanzi ophephile nohlanzekile.
Imithetho ye-PFAS ayithinti nje kuphela amazinga okukhipha amanzi, kodwa futhi ithinta ngqo ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-compound afakwe i-fluorinated ahlala isikhathi eside, aseyinto evamile kwamanye ama-membrane, njenge-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Abakhiqizi bezihlungi ze-membrane kumele bathuthukise ezinye izinto ezingenayo i-PTFE noma amanye amakhemikhali e-PFAS ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezintsha zomthetho.
Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi kanye nohulumeni besebenzisa izinhlelo ze-ESG eziqinile, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kuba yinto eza kuqala. Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kuwumthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kwegesi, futhi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla jikelele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokufeza imigomo yentuthuko esimeme.
I-Environmental Protection Agency ibika ukuthi amanzi okuphuza kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngokuvamile yizona ezisebenzisa kakhulu amandla komasipala, okubalwa kuzo amaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-40 okusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele. [3] Amaqembu emithombo yamanzi, njenge-American Water Alliance, afaka phakathi izinsiza zamanzi ezizibophezele ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhakheni wamanzi ngamasu okunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi okusimeme. Kubakhiqizi bokuhlunga ulwelwesi, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubalulekile uma kusetshenziswa noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Singahlinzeka ngezinzwa ezahlukahlukene zokuqapha imingcele ehlukene yekhwalithi yamanzi
Le probe yenzwa yenziwe ngezinto ze-PTFE (Teflon), ezingagqwali futhi zingasetshenziswa emanzini olwandle, ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi nasemanzini ane-pH ephezulu kanye nokugqwala okunamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-09-2024