Isidingo esikhulayo samanzi ahlanzekile sibangela ukusweleka kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba inani labantu liqhubeka nokukhula futhi abantu abaningi bafudukela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izinsiza zamanzi zibhekana nezinselele eziningi ezihlobene nokuhlinzekwa kwazo kwamanzi kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlanza. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi endawo akunakushaywa indiva, njengoba iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ilinganisela ukuthi amadolobha athatha u-12% wakho konke ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile. [1] Ngaphezu kwesidingo esikhulayo samanzi, izinsiza zikuthola kunzima ukuthobela umthetho omusha ophathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, izindinganiso zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, nezindlela zokusimama kuyilapho zibhekene nengqalasizinda egugayo kanye noxhaso olulinganiselwe.
Izimboni eziningi nazo zisengozini yokushoda kwamanzi. Amanzi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ukupholisa nokuhlanza, futhi amanzi angcolile avelayo kufanele acoshwe ngaphambi kokuthi aphinde asetshenziswe noma abuyiselwe endaweni ezungezile. Okunye ukungcola okunzima kakhulu ukukususa, njengezinhlayiya zikawoyela ocolekile, futhi kungase kwakheke insalela edinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Izindlela zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kufanele zingabizi futhi zikwazi ukwelapha amanzi amaningi angcolile emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye namazinga e-pH.
Ukuzuza ukuhlunga okusebenzayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sezixazululo zokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ulwelwesi lokuhlunga oluthuthukisiwe lunikeza indlela yokwelapha esebenza kahle kakhulu neyonga amandla, futhi abakhiqizi baqhubeka bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zezindawo zezimboni nezamasipala futhi bahlale bephambi kwendawo eshintshayo yokulawula ukongiwa kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nezinga lamanzi. Iziphepho ezinamandla nezikhukhula zingalimaza imithombo yamanzi, zandise ukusabalala kokungcola, futhi ukunyuka kwamazinga olwandle kungaholela ekwandeni kokungena kwamanzi anosawoti. Isomiso esidonsa isikhathi eside sinciphisa amanzi atholakalayo, nezifundazwe ezimbalwa zaseNtshonalanga, okuhlanganisa i-Arizona, California kanye ne-Nevada, ezibeka imingcele yokongiwa kwemvelo ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi e-Colorado River Basin.
Ingqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi nayo idinga ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Ocwaningweni lwayo lwakamuva lwezidingo zezindawo ezihlanzekile, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ithole ukuthi kuzodingeka amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-630 kule minyaka engu-20 ezayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile anele, kanti u-55% walolo xhaso ludingeka kwingqalasizinda yamanzi angcolile. [2] Ezinye zalezi zidingo zisukela kumazinga amasha okuhlanza amanzi, okuhlanganisa noMthetho Wamanzi Okuphuza Aphephile kanye nomthetho obeka amazinga aphezulu amakhemikhali afana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Inqubo yokuhlunga ephumelelayo ibalulekile ekususeni lezi zinto ezingcolile futhi kuhlinzekwe umthombo wamanzi ophephile nahlanzekile.
Imithetho ye-PFAS ayithinti kuphela izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwamanzi, kodwa futhi ithinta ngokuqondile ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-fluorinated compounds ahlala isikhathi eside, asephenduke into evamile kwezinye izingqimba, njenge-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Abakhiqizi besihlungi se-Membrane kumele bakhe ezinye izinto ezingaqukethe i-PTFE noma amanye amakhemikhali e-PFAS ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula ezintsha.
Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi kanye nohulumeni besebenzisa izinhlelo eziqinile ze-ESG, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kuba yinto ehamba phambili. Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kuwumthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kwegesi, futhi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokufinyelela imigomo yentuthuko esimeme.
I-Environmental Protection Agency ibika ukuthi izikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza kanye namanzi angcolile ngokuvamile zingabasebenzisi abakhulu bamandla komasipala, okubalelwa kumaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 amandla esewonke. [3] Amaqembu ezinsiza zamanzi, njenge-American Water Alliance, ahlanganisa izinsiza zamanzi ezizinikele ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya emkhakheni wamanzi ngokusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulawulwa kwamanzi okusimeme. Kubakhiqizi bokuhlunga ulwelwesi, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubalulekile uma usebenzisa noma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Singahlinzeka ngezinzwa ezihlukahlukene zokuqapha amapharamitha ahlukene wekhwalithi yamanzi
Le probe yezinzwa yenziwe ngezinto ze-PTFE (Teflon), ezimelana nokugqwala futhi zingasetshenziswa emanzini olwandle, i-aquaculture namanzi ane-pH ephezulu kanye nokugqwala okuqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-09-2024