Ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokuvimbela nokunciphisa izinhlekelele, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula kusenesikhathi zisebenza njengendlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ezinhlekeleleni zezikhukhula. Isimiso sokuxwayisa esisebenza kahle nesinembile sisebenza njengomlindi ongakhathali, sithembele kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa obuthuthukisiwe obuhlukahlukene ukuze “babone nxazonke futhi bezwe nhlangothi zonke.” Phakathi kwalokhu, ama-hydrological radar flowmeters, ama-gauge emvula, nezinzwa zokuthutha zidlala indima ebalulekile. Baqoqa idatha ebalulekile kusuka kubukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ndawonye benza isisekelo sombono wesistimu yesixwayiso, futhi umthelela wabo ujulile futhi ubalulekile.
I. Izindima Zezinzwa Ezintathu Eziyinhloko
1. I-Rain Gauge: “I-Vanguard” kanye “Ne-Cause Monitor”
* Iqhaza: Igeji yemvula iyisisetshenziswa esiqondile nesivamile sokuqapha imvula. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulinganisa ngokunembile inani lemvula (ngamamilimitha) endaweni ethile esikhathini esithile. Ifakwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, iqoqa amanzi emvula kumamukeli futhi ikala ivolumu noma isisindo sayo, iwaguqule abe idatha yokujula kwemvula.
* Ukuma Ohlelweni: Yindawo yokuqala yokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula. Ukuna kwemvula kuyimbangela yezikhukhula eziningi. Idatha yesikhathi sangempela, eqhubekayo yemvula iyipharamitha yokufaka ebaluleke kakhulu yamamodeli we-hydrological ukwenza ukuhlaziya ukugeleza nokubikezela izikhukhula. Ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yeziteshi zokukala imvula, isistimu ingaqonda ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kanye namandla emvula, inikeze isisekelo sokubikezela ukugeleza kwamanzi jikelele.
2. I-Hydrological Radar Flowmeter: “I-Core Analyst”
* Iqhaza: Lena idivayisi yokuqapha engathinteki, ethuthukisiwe流速 (isivinini sokugeleza) kanye ne-流量 (ukukhipha). Ivamise ukugxunyekwa emabhulohweni noma emabhange ngaphezu kwamanzi, ikhipha amagagasi e-radar ibheke phezu kwamanzi. Isebenzisa isimiso somphumela we-Doppler, ikala ngokunembile isivinini esingaphezulu komfula futhi, kuhlanganiswe nedatha yezinga lamanzi (ngokuvamile kusukela kugeji yezinga lamanzi ehlanganisiwe), ibala ukukhishwa okusheshayo (ngama-cubic metres ngomzuzwana) esigabeni esiphambanayo ngesikhathi sangempela.
* Ukuma Ohlelweni: Kuwumgogodla wohlelo lokuxwayisa ngozamcolo kusenesikhathi. Ukuphuma kwamanzi kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yobukhulu bezikhukhula, enquma ngokuqondile isikali kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona wenani eliphakeme lezikhukhula. Uma kuqhathaniswa namamitha we-流速 ovamile asuselwa ekuxhumeni, ama-flowmeters e-radar awathintwa ugwadule noma umthelela wemfucumfucu. Zihlala zisebenza ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zezikhukhula ezimbi kakhulu, zihlinzeka ngedatha "esikhathini samanje" eyigugu futhi zivumela ukuqapha okuqondile, kwesikhathi sangempela, nokunembe kwezimo zemifula.
3. Inzwa Yokufuduka: “Umnakekeli Wendawo” kanye “Ne-Secondary Disaster Whistleblower”
* Iqhaza: Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene (isb., i-GNSS, ama-inclinometer, ama-crack metres) asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuguqulwa kwamaminithi, ukuhlaliswa, noma ukugudluzwa kwengqalasizinda yamanzi njengamadamu agcina amanzi, ama-levees, nemithambeka. Afakwe ezindaweni ezibucayi zesakhiwo ukuze kulinganiswe ngokuqhubekayo izinguquko zendawo.
* Isikhundla Kusistimu: Ingumnakekeli wokuphepha konjiniyela kanye nesixwayiso senhlekelele yesibili. Ingozi yezikhukhula ayiveli kuphela kumthamo wamanzi ngokwawo kodwa futhi nokuhluleka kwesakhiwo. Izinzwa zokugudluzwa zinganikeza ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuvuza okungaba khona kwedamu noma ukuwohloka, izingozi zokudilika kwenhlabathi emagqumeni, noma ukungazinzi kwemithambeka. Uma idatha egadiwe idlula imikhawulo yokuphepha, isistimu icupha i-alamu ngezingozi ezinkulu ezifana namapayipi, ukwehluleka kwedamu, noma ukudilika komhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe izikhukhula eziyinhlekelele ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo.
II. Ukugeleza komsebenzi ngokubambisana
Lezi zingxenye ezintathu zisebenza ngokubambisana, zakha iluphu yesixwayiso esiphelele:
- I-Rain Gauge ingeyokuqala ukubika “ingakanani imvula ena esibhakabhakeni.”
- Amamodeli we-hydrological abikezela ukugeleza okungase kube khona kanye nokukhishwa kwezikhukhula ngokususelwe kule datha yemvula.
- I-Hydrological Radar Flowmeter esezigabeni ezibalulekile zomfula iqinisekisa lezi zibikezelo ngesikhathi sangempela, ibika ukuthi “ukuthi mangakanani amanzi empeleni emfuleni,” futhi inikeza izexwayiso ezinembe kakhudlwana mayelana nesikhathi sokufika kwesikhukhula nobukhulu obususelwe kumkhuba okhulayo wokuphuma kwamanzi.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Displacement Sensor iqapha ngokuqinile ukuthi "isitsha esiphethe amanzi" siphephile yini, siqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ezikhukhula akhishwa ngendlela elawulwayo futhi avimbele izinhlekelele ezinkulu ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo.
III. Imithelela Ejulile
1. Ukunemba Kwesexwayiso Okuthuthukisiwe Nokugcina Isikhathi:
* Idatha yokukhishwa kwesikhathi sangempela evela ku-hydrological radar inciphisa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki kwezibikezelo zesikhukhula ezisekelwe emvula. Lokhu kushintsha izixwayiso zisuke “ekubikezelweni” ziye “ekubikweni kwesikhathi sangempela,” ukuthenga amahora ayigugu noma ngisho namahora angamashumi esikhathi esihle sokuphuma komfula kanye nezimpendulo eziphuthumayo.
2. Amandla Athuthukisiwe Wokusabela Ezehlakalweni Zezikhukhula Ezinkulu:
* Isilinganiso esingathintana nabo sivumela ama-flowmeters e-radar ukuthi asebenze ngokujwayelekile phakathi nezikhukhula ezinkulu zomlando, agcwalise izikhala zedatha ebalulekile phakathi nesigaba esibi kakhulu senhlekelele. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi obubonakalayo bezinqumo zokuyala, ukuvimbela "ukulwa ebumnyameni" ngezikhathi ezibucayi kakhulu.
3. Ukunwetshwa ukusuka Esexwayiso Sezikhukhula kuya Esexwayiso Sokuphepha Kwesakhiwo Sokuvinjelwa Okuphelele Kwezinhlekelele:
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa zokuthutha kuthuthukisa isistimu yesixwayiso kusukela ekubikezelweni okugcwele amanzi kuya ohlelweni oludidiyelwe lwesexwayiso "lwe-hydrological-structural" lwesexwayiso. Ingaxwayisa hhayi kuphela "izinhlekelele zemvelo" kodwa futhi ivimbele ngokuphumelelayo "izinhlekelele ezenziwe ngabantu" (ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo), ithuthukise kakhulu ukujula kanye nobubanzi besistimu yokuvimbela izinhlekelele.
4. Ukukhuthazwa Kokuphathwa Kwamanzi Okukhaliphile Nokufakwa Kwedijithali:
* Inani elikhulu ledatha yesikhathi sangempela ekhiqizwe yilezi zinzwa akha isisekelo sokwakha "I-Digital Twin Watershed." Ukuhlaziya ngedatha enkulu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kwamamodeli we-hydrological, okuvumela ukulingiswa kwezikhukhula okuhlakaniphile, ukubikezela, nokusebenza kwechibi, ekugcineni kuholele ekuphathweni okucwengisisiwe nokukhaliphile kwemithombo yamanzi.
5. Ukukhiqizwa Kwezinzuzo Ezibalulekile Zezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle:
* Izexwayiso ezinembile zinciphisa ukulimala nokulimala kwempahla. Ukulahlekelwa okugwenywa ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezinjengokuvala amasango kusenesikhathi, ukuthutha impahla, kanye nokuthutha abantu kudlula kude imali etshaliwe ekwakheni lezi zinhlelo zokuqapha, okuholela enzuzweni ephezulu ekutshalweni kwezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthuthukisa ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokuzethemba ohlelweni lokuvimbela izinhlekelele.
Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-18-2025