Ezinhlelweni zanamuhla zokuvimbela nokunciphisa izinhlekelele, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ngezikhukhula zisebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ezinhlekeleleni zezikhukhula. Uhlelo lokuxwayisa olusebenzayo nolunembile lusebenza njengomlindi ongakhathali, oluthembele kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bezinzwa obuthuthukisiwe ukuze "lubone yonke indawo futhi luzwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi." Phakathi kwalezi, ama-hydrological radar flowmeters, ama-rain gauge, kanye nezinzwa zokufuduka zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ziqoqa idatha ebalulekile evela ezicini ezahlukene, ndawonye zakha isisekelo sokubona sesistimu yokuxwayisa, futhi umthelela wazo ujulile futhi ubalulekile.
I. Izindima Zezinzwa Ezintathu Eziyinhloko
1. I-Rain Gauge: I-“Vanguard” kanye ne-“Cause Monitor”
* Indima: Igeyiji yemvula iyithuluzi eliqondile nelendabuko kakhulu lokuqapha imvula. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukala ngokunembile inani lemvula (ngamamilimitha) endaweni ethile esikhathini esithile. Uma ifakwa ezindaweni ezivulekile, iqoqa amanzi emvula ku-receiver bese ilinganisa umthamo noma isisindo sayo, iwaguqule abe idatha yokujula kwemvula.
* Indawo Esistimu: Yindawo yokuqala yesexwayiso sezikhukhula. Imvula iyimbangela yezikhukhula eziningi. Idatha yemvula eqhubekayo nesikhathi sangempela iyipharamitha yokufaka eyisisekelo kakhulu yamamodeli e-hydrological ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokubikezela izikhukhula. Ngenethiwekhi yeziteshi zokulinganisa imvula, uhlelo lungaqonda ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kanye namandla emvula, okunikeza isisekelo sokubikezela ukugeleza kwamanzi okuvamile.
2. I-Hydrological Radar Flowmeter: “Umhlaziyi Oyinhloko”
* Indima: Lena idivayisi yokuqapha i-流速 (ijubane lokugeleza) engaxhumani, ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-流量 (ukukhipha amanzi). Ngokuvamile ifakwe emabhulohweni noma emabhange angaphezu kwamanzi, ikhipha amaza e-radar aye ebusweni bamanzi. Isebenzisa isimiso somphumela we-Doppler, ilinganisa ngokunembile ijubane lobuso bomfula futhi, ihlanganiswe nedatha yezinga lamanzi (ngokuvamile evela ku-gauge yezinga lamanzi ehlanganisiwe), ibala ukukhishwa okusheshayo (ngamamitha ayi-cubic ngomzuzwana) esigabeni esiphambene ngesikhathi sangempela.
* Indawo Esistimu: Iyisisekelo sohlelo lokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula kusenesikhathi. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kuyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sobukhulu bezikhukhula, esinquma ngqo ubukhulu kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona wesikhukhula. Uma kuqhathaniswa namamitha endabuko asekelwe ekuthinteni, ama-flowmeter e-radar awathinteki ekuhlaselweni kwezikhukhula noma ukungcola. Ahlala esebenza ngezikhathi zezikhukhula ezinkulu, enikeza idatha ebalulekile "yangaleso sikhathi" futhi evumela ukuqapha okuqondile, kwesikhathi sangempela, nokunembile kwezimo zomfula.
3. Inzwa Yokufuduka: “Umqaphi Wesikhungo” kanye “Nombikezeli Wezinhlekelele Wesibili”
* Indima: Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinzwa ezahlukahlukene (isib. i-GNSS, ama-inclinometer, amamitha okuqhekeka) asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuguquguquka okuncane, ukuhlala, noma ukufuduka kwengqalasizinda yamanzi njengamadamu okugcina amanzi, ama-levees, kanye nemithambeka. Zifakwa ezindaweni ezibalulekile zesakhiwo ukuze zilinganise njalo izinguquko zesimo.
* Indawo Esistimu: Ingumqaphi wokuphepha kobunjiniyela kanye nesixwayiso sesibili senhlekelele. Ingozi yezikhukhula ayiveli nje kuphela kumthamo wamanzi uqobo kodwa futhi nasekuhlulekeni kwesakhiwo. Izinzwa zokufuduka zinganikeza ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kokuvuza noma ukuguquka kwedamu okungenzeka, izingozi zokudilika kwenhlabathi ezindongeni, noma ukungazinzi kwemisele. Uma idatha eqashwe idlula imingcele yokuphepha, uhlelo luqala i-alamu yezingozi ezinkulu ezifana namapayipi, ukwehluleka kwedamu, noma ukudilika kwenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele izikhukhula ezinkulu ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo.
II. Ukugeleza Komsebenzi Okubambisanayo
Lezi zingxenye ezintathu zisebenza ngokubambisana, zakha iluphu ephelele yesixwayiso:
- I-Rain Gauge iyona yokuqala ukubika “ukuthi ingakanani imvula enayo ivela esibhakabhakeni.”
- Amamodeli e-hydrological abikezela ukugeleza kwamanzi okungenzeka kanye nokukhishwa kwezikhukhula okuphezulu ngokusekelwe kule datha yemvula.
- I-Hydrological Radar Flowmeter ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomfula iqinisekisa lezi zibikezelo ngesikhathi sangempela, ibika “ukuthi angakanani amanzi asemfuleni,” futhi inikeza izixwayiso ezinembile mayelana nesikhathi sokufika kwesikhukhula kanye nobukhulu ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni kokukhishwa kwamanzi.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Displacement Sensor iqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi "isitsha esibambe amanzi" siphephile yini, iqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ezikhukhula akhishwa ngendlela elawulwayo futhi ivimbele izinhlekelele ezinkulu ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo.
III. Imithelela Ejulile
1. Ukunemba Okukhulu Kwesexwayiso Nokuhambisana Nesikhathi:
* Idatha yokukhishwa kwesikhathi sangempela evela ku-radar yamanzi inciphisa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki kwezibikezelo zezikhukhula ezisekelwe emvuleni yendabuko. Lokhu kushintsha izixwayiso kusukela "ekubikezeleni" kuya "ekubikeni kwesikhathi sangempela," ukuthenga amahora ayigugu noma ngisho namashumi amahora esikhathi segolide sokuphuma kwabantu endaweni engezansi kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo.
2. Amandla Athuthukisiwe Okusabela Ezigamekweni Ezinkulu Zezikhukhula:
* Ukulinganisa okungathintani kuvumela ama-flowmeter e-radar ukuthi asebenze ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ezinkulu zomlando, agcwalise izikhala zedatha ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sesigaba esibi kakhulu senhlekelele. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi obubonakalayo bezinqumo zomyalo, kuvimbele "ukulwa ebumnyameni" ngezikhathi ezibucayi kakhulu.
3. Ukwandiswa kusuka Esixwayisweni Sezikhukhula kuya Esixwayisweni Sokuphepha Kwesakhiwo Sokuvimbela Izinhlekelele Okuphelele:
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa zokufuduka kuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuxwayisa kusukela ekubikezeleni kwamanzi kuphela kuya ohlelweni lokuxwayisa ukuphepha oluhlanganisiwe "lwamanzi-lwesakhiwo". Lungaxwayisa hhayi kuphela "ngezinhlekelele zemvelo" kodwa futhi luvimbele ngempumelelo "izinhlekelele ezenziwe ngumuntu" (ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo), luthuthukisa kakhulu ukujula nobubanzi besistimu yokuvimbela izinhlekelele.
4. Ukukhuthazwa Kokuphathwa Kwamanzi Okuhlakaniphile Nokwenziwa Kwedijithali:
* Inani elikhulu ledatha yesikhathi sangempela ekhiqizwa yilezi zinzwa lakha isisekelo sokwakha "i-Digital Twin Watershed." Ukuhlaziywa nge-big data kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamamodeli e-hydrological, okuvumela ukulingisa okuhlakaniphile kwezikhukhula, ukubikezela, kanye nokusebenza kwedamu, ekugcineni okuholela ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi ehlaziyiwe futhi ehlakaniphile.
5. Ukudalwa Kwezinzuzo Ezibalulekile Zezomnotho Nezenhlalo:
* Izexwayiso ezinembile zinciphisa ukulimala kanye nomonakalo wempahla. Ukulahlekelwa okugwenywa ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifana nokuvala amasango kusenesikhathi, ukuhambisa impahla, kanye nokufuduka kwabantu kudlula kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakheni lezi zinhlelo zokuqapha, okuholela ekubuyiselweni okuphezulu kokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthuthukisa ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokuzethemba ohlelweni lokuvimbela izinhlekelele.
Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 18-2025