Lolu ucwaningo olucacile kakhulu noluwusizo. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esomile kakhulu kanye nemboni enkulu kawoyela, iSaudi Arabia ibhekene nezinselele ezihlukile kanye nezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ekuqapheni ukungcola kukawoyela emanzini.
Okulandelayo kuchaza kabanzi ngendaba yokusetshenziswa kweSaudi Arabia kwezinzwa zamanzi ezisebenzisa uwoyela ekuqapheni ukuphathwa kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa nesizinda sawo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe, amacala athile, izinselele, kanye neziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo.
1. Isizinda kanye Nesidingo: Kungani Ukuqapha Ukuhlolwa Kwamafutha Emanzini Kubalulekile eSaudi Arabia?
- Ukuntuleka Kwamanzi Okukhulu: I-Saudi Arabia ingenye yamazwe anokuntuleka kwamanzi kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ithembele kakhulu ekukhishweni kukasawoti emanzini olwandle kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba angavuseleleki. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ukungcola kukawoyela, kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi asebevele becindezelwe.
- Imboni Enkulu Kawoyela: Njengomunye wabakhiqizi bamafutha abakhulu emhlabeni kanye nabathumeli bawoyela, imisebenzi yaseSaudi Arabia ekukhishweni kwamafutha, ekuthuthweni, ekuhlanzweni nasekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe isakazeke kabanzi, ikakhulukazi eSifundazweni SaseMpumalanga kanye nasogwini lwasePersian Gulf. Lokhu kuveza ingozi enkulu kakhulu yokuchitheka kukawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nomkhiqizo kawoyela.
- Ukuvikela Ingqalasizinda Ebalulekile:
- Izitshalo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Olwandle: I-Saudi Arabia ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni wamanzi akhishwe usawoti. Uma amanzi olwandle etholakala embozwe yi-oyili egelezayo, angavimba kakhulu futhi angcolise ulwelwesi lokuhlunga kanye nezishintshi zokushisa, okuholela ekuvaleni ngokuphelele kwesitshalo futhi kubangele inkinga yamanzi.
- Izinhlelo Zamanzi Okupholisa Izitshalo Zikagesi: Izitshalo eziningi zikagesi zisebenzisa amanzi olwandle ukupholisa. Ukungcola kukawoyela kungalimaza imishini futhi kuthinte ukunikezwa kukagesi.
- Imithethonqubo Yezemvelo Nezidingo Zokuthobela Imithetho: Uhulumeni waseSaudi, ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wezemvelo, Amanzi Nezolimo kanye ne-Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organisation, usemise amazinga aqinile ekhwalithi yamanzi adinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, imfucuza, kanye nezindawo zamanzi zemvelo.
2. Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe Kwezinzwa Zamafutha Emanzini
Endaweni enzima yaseSaudi Arabia (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, usawoti omningi, iziphepho zesihlabathi), izindlela zokuthatha amasampula ngesandla kanye nokuhlaziya elebhu ziyabambezeleka futhi azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sesixwayiso sangesikhathi sangempela. Ngakho-ke, izinzwa eziku-inthanethi ezisebenzisa uwoyela emanzini sezibe ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuqapha ukuphathwa kwamanzi.
Izinhlobo Zobuchwepheshe Ezivamile:
- Izinzwa ze-UV Fluorescence:
- Isimiso: Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kobude be-wavelength ethile kukhanyisa isampula yamanzi. Ama-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons kanye nezinye izinto eziku-oyili zimunca amandla futhi zikhiphe i-fluorescence. Ukuhlushwa kwamafutha kulinganiselwa ngokulinganisa ubukhali be-fluorescence.
- Isicelo eSaudi Arabia:
- Ukuqapha amapulatifomu kawoyela asogwini lolwandle kanye namapayipi angaphansi kolwandle: Kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqapha ukusabalala kokuchitheka kukawoyela.
- Ukuqapha amanzi asechwebeni nasechwebeni: Ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwamanzi e-ballast noma ukuvuza kukaphethiloli emikhunjini.
- Ukuqapha ukuphuma kwamanzi esiphepho: Ukuqapha ukugeleza kwamanzi emadolobheni ukuze kutholakale ukuthi uwoyela ungcolile.
- Izinzwa ze-Infrared (IR) Photometric:
- Isimiso: Isinyibilikisi sikhipha uwoyela kusampula yamanzi. Inani lokumuncwa ebhendini elithile le-infrared liyalinganiswa, elihambisana nokumuncwa kokudlidliza kwezibopho ze-CH ku-oyela.
- Isicelo eSaudi Arabia:
- Izindawo zokukhipha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini: Lena indlela ejwayelekile eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke yokuqapha ukuhambisana nomthetho kanye nokushaja ukungcola, ngedatha evikelekile ngokomthetho.
- Ukuqapha ukungena/ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile esikhungweni sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ahlanziwe iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso.
3. Amacala Okusebenza Aqondile
Icala 1: Inethiwekhi Yokuqapha Amanzi Angcolile Ezimbonini eJubail Industrial City
- Indawo: IJubail Industrial City ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zezimboni ze-petrochemical emhlabeni.
- Inselele: Amakhulu ezinkampani zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli akhipha amanzi angcolile ahlanziwe ayiswe kunethiwekhi evamile noma olwandle. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani ngayinye iyahambisana nemingcele yemithetho kubalulekile.
- Isixazululo:
- Ukufakwa kwezihlaziyi zamafutha ezisebenzisa i-infrared photometric emanzini ezindaweni zokukhipha ukungcola emafektri amakhulu.
- Izinzwa ziqapha ukuhlushwa kukawoyela ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi idatha idluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo ngohlelo lwe-SCADA esikhungweni sokuqapha imvelo seRoyal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu.
- Imiphumela:
- I-alamu Yesikhathi Sangempela: Izexwayiso ezisheshayo ziyabangelwa uma ukugcwala kukawoyela kudlula imingcele, okuvumela iziphathimandla zemvelo ukuthi ziphendule ngokushesha, zilandelele umthombo, futhi zithathe isinyathelo.
- Ukuphathwa Okuqhutshwa Yidatha: Amarekhodi edatha esikhathi eside ahlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi sokuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenza izinqubomgomo.
- Umphumela Wokuvimbela: Ukhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zigcine izindawo zazo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngendlela ekhuthele ukuze zigweme ukwephulwa kwemithetho.
Icala 2: Ukuvikelwa Kokungenisa Kwesitshalo Esikhulu Sokuhlanza Amanzi Olwandle iRabigh
- Indawo: Isitshalo Sokukhipha Usawoti eRabigh ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu sinikeza amanzi emadolobheni amakhulu afana neJeddah.
- Inselelo: Lesi sitshalo siseduze nemizila yemikhumbi, okudala ingozi yokuchitheka kukawoyela emikhunjini. Uwoyela ongena endaweni yokungenisa amanzi ungabangela umonakalo wemishini engamakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi futhi uphazamise ukutholakala kwamanzi edolobheni.
- Isixazululo:
- Ukudala “isivikelo sezinzwa” esizungeze ukungena kwamanzi olwandle ngokufaka izikrini zefilimu yamafutha e-UV fluorescence.
- Izinzwa zicwiliswa ngqo olwandle, ziqapha njalo ukugcwala kukawoyela ekujuleni okuthile ngaphansi kobuso.
- Imiphumela:
- Isexwayiso Sasekuqaleni: Inikeza isikhathi sesixwayiso esibalulekile (kusukela kumaminithi kuya emahoreni) ngaphambi kokuba uwoyela ufinyelele endaweni yokungenisa, okuvumela isitshalo ukuthi siqale izimpendulo eziphuthumayo.
- Ukuqinisekisa Ukutholakala Kwamanzi: Kusebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe ekuvikeleni ingqalasizinda ebalulekile kazwelonke.
Icala 3: Ukuqapha Amanzi Emvula Emkhakheni Wedolobha Elihlakaniphile laseRiyadh
- Indawo: Inhloko-dolobha, iRiyadh.
- Inselele: Ukugeleza kwamanzi esiphepho emadolobheni kungathwala uwoyela namafutha avela emigwaqweni, ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, nasezitolo zokulungisa, kungcolise imizimba yamanzi athola amanzi.
- Isixazululo:
- Njengengxenye yenethiwekhi yokuqapha i-hydrology yedolobha elihlakaniphile, ama-sondes ekhwalithi yamanzi amaningi ahlanganiswe nezinzwa zikawoyela we-UV fluorescence afakwa kuma-node ayisihluthulelo kunethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi esiphepho.
- Idatha ihlanganiswe nepulatifomu yokuphatha idolobha.
- Imiphumela:
- Ukulandelela Umthombo Wokungcola: Kusiza ekutholeni ukulahlwa kukawoyela okungekho emthethweni ezindaweni zokulahla indle.
- Ukuphathwa Kwezindawo Zokungcoliswa Kwamanzi: Kuhlola isimo sokungcoliswa kwemithombo okungeyona indawo, kuqondisa ukuhlela nokuphatha amadolobha.
4. Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo
Naphezu kwempumelelo enkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zamafutha emanzini eSaudi Arabia kubhekene nezinselelo:
- Ukuzivumelanisa Nemvelo: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, usawoti omningi, kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kungathinta ukunemba kanye nokuqina kwenzwa, okudinga ukulinganiswa kanye nokugcinwa njalo.
- Ukunemba Kwedatha: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha zikhiqiza izimpawu ezahlukene. Ukufundwa kwezinzwa kungaphazanyiswa ezinye izinto emanzini, kudingeke ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile okubuyisela idatha kanye nokuhlonza.
- Izindleko Zokusebenza: Ukusungula inethiwekhi yokuqapha kazwelonke kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kusengaphambili kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza.
Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo:
- Ukuhlanganiswa ne-IoT kanye ne-AI: Izinzwa zizosebenza njengama-node e-IoT, ngedatha elayishiwe efwini. Ama-algorithms e-AI azosetshenziselwa ukubikezela izitayela, ukuthola okungafani, kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokubikezela.
- Ukuqapha Okuhambayo Ngezindiza Ezingenabantu/Imikhumbi Engaphezulu Engenamuntu: Ukwengeza izindawo zokuqapha eziqinile ngokuhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuguquguqukayo nokusheshayo kwezindawo ezinkulu zolwandle kanye namachibi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa: Ukuthuthukisa izinzwa eziqinile, ezinembile, ezingaphazamisi ukuphazamiseka ezingadingi ama-reagent.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlanganiswa kweSaudi Arabia kwezinzwa zamafutha emanzini ohlakeni lwayo lukazwelonke lokuqapha ukuphathwa kwamanzi kuyisibonelo sokubhekana nezinselelo zayo ezihlukile zemvelo nezomnotho. Ngobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi, iSaudi Arabia iqinise ukubhekwa kwemvelo kwemboni yayo yamafutha, yavikela ngempumelelo imithombo yayo yamanzi eyigugu kakhulu kanye nengqalasizinda ebalulekile, futhi yanikeza isisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe sokufeza imigomo yokusimama kwemvelo echazwe kuMbono waseSaudi ka-2030. Lo modeli unikeza izifundo ezibalulekile kwamanye amazwe nezifunda ezinezakhiwo zezimboni ezifanayo kanye nezingcindezi zemithombo yamanzi.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-23-2025