Enkathini yobuchwepheshe bokubikezela ngesathelayithi kanye ne-radar obuthuthuka kakhulu, inethiwekhi ebanzi yeziteshi zokulinganisa imvula ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya emhlabeni wonke isalokhu ingumthombo oyisisekelo nothembekile wedatha yokulinganisa imvula. Lezi zilinganiselo zinikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izikhukhula kanye nokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi.
1. Ukubhekana Nezinselele Zesimo Sezulu: Isidingo Somhlaba Wonke Sokuqapha Imvula
Umhlaba ubhekene nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ezivame ukwanda. Kusukela eziphephweni zemvula eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya kwesomiso eHorn of Africa, kusukela eziphephweni zaseCaribbean kuya ekugcwaleni kwamanzi emadolobheni ngokuzumayo, ukuqapha imvula ngokunembile kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinhlekelele kanye nokuphepha kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Enkathini yobuchwepheshe besathelayithi yesimo sezulu kanye ne-radar yesimo sezulu ethuthuka ngokushesha, ama-radar emvula ayaqhubeka nokudlala indima engenakuphikwa kumanethiwekhi okuqapha isimo sezulu kanye namanzi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobulula bawo, ukuthembeka, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokunemba kwedatha. Ahlala eyinsika ephelele yokuqapha imvula, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka anengqalasizinda ebuthaka.
2. Ama-Silent Sentinels: Amaphethini Esimo Sezulu Eziteshini Zomhlaba Wonke Aqapha Iziteshi
Ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba ezivame ukuba nezinhlekelele zezikhukhula, amageyiji emvula akha umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ezinhlelweni zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi. Kuyo yonke iGangetic Plain yaseNdiya, eBangladesh, e-Indonesia, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, la mathuluzi alula anikeza isisekelo esiqondile kakhulu sokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula ezisheshayo, ukudilika kodaka, kanye nezikhukhula zemifula.
Lezi zindawo ezinabantu abaningi zisengozini enkulu yemvula enkulu engabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwempilo kanye nempahla. Ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi okulinganisa imvula, iminyango yesimo sezulu ingakhipha izexwayiso ngokushesha ezindaweni ezingase zithinteke lapho imvula eqongelelekile ifinyelela emingceleni eyingozi, ithenge isikhathi esiyigugu sokuphuma kanye nokusabela enhlekeleleni.
Ezindaweni ezingenamanzi amaningi njenge-sub-Saharan Africa, i-outback yase-Australia, noma i-Middle East, yonke i-millimeter yemvula ibalulekile. Idatha eqoqwe kuma-rain gauge isiza iminyango ye-hydrological ukubala ngokunembile ukuthi imvula igcwalisa kanjani imifula, amachibi, kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Lolu lwazi lwakha isisekelo sesayensi sokwaba amanzi okunisela ezolimo, ukuphatha ukutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza, kanye nokwakha amasu okuphendula isomiso. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi oluyisisekelo, noma yisiphi isinqumo sokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi singafana “nokuzama ukupheka ngaphandle kwelayisi.”
Kwamazwe amaningi asathuthuka lapho ezolimo ziwumgogodla womnotho wezwe futhi zibalulekile ekuphepheni kokuziphilisa, idatha yemvula isebenza “njengekhampasi” yokukhiqiza kwezolimo phakathi kwezinto ezincike emvuleni.
Kusukela emasimini ekhofi eKenya kuya emasimini kakolweni eNdiya noma emasimini elayisi eVietnam, ama-rain gauge asiza abalimi kanye neminyango yezolimo ukuqonda amaphethini emvula, ukulungisa amasu okutshala, ukuhlola izidingo zamanzi ezitshalo, kanye nokunikeza ubufakazi obuqondile bezimangalo zomshuwalense kanye nosizo lukahulumeni ngemva kwezinhlekelele.
3. Umkhuba waseShayina: Ukwakha Inethiwekhi Yokuqapha Okunembile
Njengenye yamazwe athinteke kakhulu yizinhlekelele zezikhukhula emhlabeni jikelele, iShayina isungule inethiwekhi yokubuka isimo sezulu enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ebanzi kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-rain gauge anabantu futhi azenzakalelayo.
Lezi zinsimbi, ezibekwe kusukela ophahleni lwasemadolobheni kuya ezindaweni ezikude zezintaba, zakha uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokuqapha nokuzwa “izwe elisesibhakabhakeni”. EShayina, idatha yokuqapha imvula ayigcini nje ngokunikeza izixwayiso zokubikezela isimo sezulu kanye nezikhukhula kodwa futhi ihlanganiswe ngokujulile nokuphathwa kwamadolobha.
Impendulo ephuthumayo ekudonseni amanzi kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi emadolobheni amakhulu njengeBeijing, iShanghai, kanye neShenzhen incike ngqo kumanethiwekhi okuqapha imvula ephezulu. Uma imvula yesikhashana kunoma iyiphi indawo idlula imingcele ebekiwe, iminyango kamasipala ingasebenzisa ngokushesha izinqubo eziphuthumayo ezifanele futhi isebenzise izinsiza ukubhekana nezikhukhula zasemadolobheni ezingaba khona.
4. Ukuvela Kobuchwepheshe: Izinsimbi Zomdabu Zithola Impilo Entsha
Nakuba isimiso esiyisisekelo samageji emvula singakashintshi ngokuphelele emakhulwini eminyaka, isimo sawo sobuchwepheshe sishintshe kakhulu. Amageji emvula asetshenziswa ngesandla avamile athathwa kancane kancane yiziteshi zemvula ezikude ezizenzakalelayo.
Lezi ziteshi ezizenzakalelayo zisebenzisa izinzwa ukuthola imvula ngesikhathi sangempela nokudlulisa idatha ngaphandle kwentambo ezikhungweni zedatha ngobuchwepheshe be-IoT, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhambisana nesikhathi kanye nokuthembeka kwedatha. Ngokumelene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uqinisa ukubambisana ekuqapheni imvula.
I-World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukusungulwa koHlelo Lokubuka Oluhlanganisiwe Lomhlaba Wonke, olusiza ukwabelana ngemininingwane nolwazi lwezesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi kusiza amazwe asathuthuka anamakhono okuqapha abuthakathaka ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zawo zokubhekana nezinselele zesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke ndawonye.
Kusukela ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula zaseBangladesh kuya ezindaweni zasemapulazini ezikhungethwe yisomiso eKenya, kusukela emadolobheni amakhulu aseShayina kuya eziqhingini ezincane zasePacific, lezi zilinganiso zemvula ezibonakala zilula zimi njengabalindi abathembekile, abasebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto ukuqoqa yonke imilimitha yemvula futhi bayiguqule ibe idatha ebalulekile.
Amageyiji emvula azohlala eyindlela eyisisekelo, ethembekile, futhi engabizi kakhulu yokulinganisa imvula yomhlaba wonke esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, eqhubeka nokunikeza ukwesekwa okuyisisekelo okungenakuphindwa kokunciphisa izingozi zezinhlekelele, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanzi, kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme emhlabeni jikelele.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2025