ENyakatho yeMakedoniya, ezolimo, njengemboni ebalulekile, zibhekene nenselele yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo. Muva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha, inzwa yomhlabathi, buqala ngokuthula igagasi loshintsho lwezolimo kule ndawo, buletha ithemba elisha kubalimi bendawo.
Ukutshala ngokunembile kuvumela umhlaba ukuthi usebenzise amandla awo amaningi
Isimo sendawo kanye nezimo zenhlabathi yaseNyakatho Makedoniya ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziyahlukahluka, kanti ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama ezindaweni ezahlukene kuhluke kakhulu. Esikhathini esidlule, abalimi babethembele kokuhlangenwe nakho ukuze benze imisebenzi yokulima, futhi kwakunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezitshalo ngokunembile. Lokho kwashintsha kakhulu lapho umlimi ethula izinzwa zenhlabathi. Lezi zinzwa zingaqapha izinkomba ezibalulekile njenge-pH yenhlabathi, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-potassium, umswakama kanye nokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngedatha enikezwe yizinzwa, abalimi banganquma ngokunembile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele ukutshalwa ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi bathuthukise izinhlelo zokufaka umanyolo kanye nokunisela ezenzelwe wena. Isibonelo, endaweni lapho inhlabathi ingenayo i-nitrogen eningi khona, idatha yezinzwa ikhuthaza umlimi ukuthi andise inani le-nitrogen futhi alungise imvamisa yokunisela ngokusekelwe kumswakama wenhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sezitshalo esizeni sikhuphuke ngo-25% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule, futhi umkhiqizo usezingeni elihle futhi uncintisana kakhulu emakethe.
Nciphisa izindleko futhi uthuthukise izinzuzo zomnotho wezolimo
Kubalimi baseNyakatho yeMacedonia, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa imbuyiselo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zomhlabathi kusiza abalimi ukuthi baqaphele ukusetshenziswa okunembile kwezinsizakusebenza futhi bagweme ukuchitha imali. Emasimini amagilebhisi, abanikazi bavame ukutshala imali ngokweqile ekuvundiseni nasekuniseleni esikhathini esidlule, okungagcini nje ngokwandisa izindleko, kodwa futhi okungaba nomthelela omubi enhlabathini nasemvelweni. Ngokufaka izinzwa zomhlabathi, abalimi bangalawula ngokunembile inani lomanyolo namanzi abawasebenzisayo ngokusekelwe olwazini abalunikezayo mayelana nezakhamzimba zomhlabathi kanye nomswakama. Phakathi nonyaka, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kwehliswe ngo-20%, amanzi okunisela alondolozwa ngo-30%, futhi isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi akuzange kuthinteke nhlobo. Abanikazi bayajabula ngokuthi izinzwa zomhlabathi azigcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi zenza ukuphathwa kwezivini kube ngokwesayensi futhi kusebenze kahle.
Ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuqinisekisa intuthuko yezolimo esimeme
Njengoba imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu iba sobala kakhulu, ezolimo eNyakatho yeMakedoniya zibhekene nokungaqiniseki okukhulu. Izinzwa zomhlabathi zingasiza abalimi ukuthi babhekane kangcono nezinselele ezibangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi baqinisekise intuthuko yezolimo esimeme. Ezindaweni ezikhiqiza ukolweni, isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje siholele ekushintsheni okukhulu komswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokushisa, okuthinta kakhulu ukukhula kukakolweni. Abalimi basebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi ukuqapha isimo senhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi lapho inzwa ithola ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liphezulu kakhulu noma umswakama uphansi kakhulu, umlimi angathatha izinyathelo ezifanayo ngesikhathi, njengomthunzi kanye nokupholisa noma ukunisela okwengeziwe. Ngale ndlela, lapho sibhekene nezimo zezulu ezimbi, ukukhiqizwa kukakolweni kulesi sifunda kusagcina isivuno esizinzile, kunciphisa umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo.
Ochwepheshe bezolimo baveze ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zomhlabathi eNyakatho yeMacedonia kunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile ekuguqulweni kwezolimo zendawo kusuka kumamodeli endabuko kuya kwezolimo zesimanje ezinembile, ezisebenzayo nezisimeme. Ngokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthandwa kwalolu buchwepheshe, kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuthaze imboni yezolimo eNyakatho yeMacedonia ukuze ifinyelele igxathu elifanele, ilethe izinzuzo ezengeziwe kwezomnotho kubalimi, futhi ikhuthaze ukuvikelwa kwemvelo yezolimo. Kukholelwa ukuthi maduze nje, izinzwa zomhlabathi zizoba yindinganiso ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo eNyakatho yeMacedonia, zisize ezolimo zendawo ukuthi zibhale isahluko esisha esihle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-11-2025