Utamatisi (i-Solanum lycopersicum L.) ungomunye wezitshalo ezinenani eliphezulu emakethe yomhlaba futhi utshalwa kakhulu ngaphansi kokunisela. Ukukhiqizwa kukatamatisi kuvame ukuphazanyiswa yizimo ezingezinhle njengesimo sezulu, inhlabathi kanye nemithombo yamanzi. Kuthuthukiswe futhi kwafakwa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa emhlabeni wonke ukusiza abalimi ukuhlola izimo zokukhula ezifana nokutholakala kwamanzi nezakhamzimba, i-pH yenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-topology.
Izici ezihambisana nokukhiqiza okuphansi kwamatamatisi. Isidingo samatamatisi siphezulu kokubili ezimakethe zokusetshenziswa okusha kanye nasezimakethe zokukhiqiza zezimboni (zokucubungula). Isivuno esiphansi samatamatisi siyabonakala emikhakheni eminingi yezolimo, njengase-Indonesia, enamathela kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulima zendabuko. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obufana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe kwi-Internet of Things (IoT) kanye nezinzwa kuye kwandisa kakhulu isivuno sezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa namatamatisi.
Ukuntuleka kokusebenzisa izinzwa ezingafani nezesimanje ngenxa yolwazi olunganele nakho kuholela ekuvuneni okuphansi kwezolimo. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi ngokuhlakanipha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugwemeni ukwehluleka kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi emasimini katamatisi.
Umswakama womhlabathi ungenye into enquma isivuno sikatamatisi njengoba kubalulekile ekudlulisweni kwezakhamzimba nezinye izinto ezivela enhlabathini ziye esitshalweni. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa lesitshalo kubalulekile njengoba kuthinta ukuvuthwa kwamaqabunga nezithelo.
Umswakama wenhlabathi ofanele izitshalo zikatamatisi uphakathi kuka-60% no-80%. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi eliphezulu liphakathi kuka-24 kuya ku-28 degrees Celsius. Ngaphezu kwaleli banga lokushisa, ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokukhula kwezimbali nezithelo akukuhle kakhulu. Uma izimo zenhlabathi kanye namazinga okushisa eshintshashintsha kakhulu, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuzohamba kancane futhi kunciphe futhi utamatisi uzovuthwa ngokungalingani.
Izinzwa ezisetshenziswa ekutshalweni kukatamatisi. Kuye kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obuningana bokuphathwa ngokunembile kwemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ngokusekelwe kumasu okuzwa aseduze nakude. Ukuze kutholakale okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezitshalweni, kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezihlola isimo somzimba sezitshalo kanye nendawo ezikuyo. Isibonelo, izinzwa ezisekelwe emisebeni ye-terahertz ehlanganiswe nokulinganisa umswakama zinganquma inani lokucindezela ebaleni.
Izinzwa ezisetshenziswa ukunquma okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezitshalweni zisekelwe kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa i-electrical impedance spectroscopy, i-near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-leaf clamp. Izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi kanye nezinzwa zokuqhuba zisetshenziselwa ukunquma isakhiwo senhlabathi, usawoti kanye nokuqhuba.
Umswakama womhlabathi kanye nezinzwa zokushisa, kanye nohlelo lokunisela oluzenzakalelayo. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu, utamatisi udinga uhlelo lokunisela olufanele. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi okukhula kusongela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezisebenzayo kungaqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yamanzi futhi kwandise isivuno sezitshalo.
Izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi zilinganisa umswakama wenhlabathi. Izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi ezisanda kuthuthukiswa zifaka amapuleti amabili okuhambisa umoya. Uma la mapuleti evezwa endaweni yokuhambisa umoya (njengamanzi), ama-electron avela ku-anode azothuthela ku-cathode. Lokhu kunyakaza kwama-electron kuzodala ugesi, ongatholakala kusetshenziswa i-voltmeter. Le sensor ithola ukuba khona kwamanzi enhlabathini.
Kwezinye izimo, izinzwa zomhlabathi zihlanganiswa nama-thermistors angalinganisa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Idatha evela kulezi zinzwa iyacutshungulwa futhi ikhiqize umphumela womugqa owodwa, oqondiswa kabili othunyelwa ohlelweni lokugeza oluzenzakalelayo. Lapho idatha yezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ifinyelela emikhawulweni ethile, inkinobho yephampu yamanzi izovula noma ivale ngokuzenzakalelayo.
I-Bioristor iyinzwa ye-bioelectronic. I-Bioelectronics isetshenziselwa ukulawula izinqubo zomzimba zezitshalo kanye nezici zazo ze-morphological. Muva nje, kuthuthukiswe inzwa ye-in vivo esekelwe kuma-transistors e-organic electrochemical (OECTs), avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-bioresistor,. Inzwa isetshenziswe ekutshalweni kwetamatisi ukuhlola izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwejusi lesitshalo eligeleza ku-xylem kanye ne-phloem yezitshalo zikatamatisi ezikhulayo. Inzwa isebenza ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphakathi komzimba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesitshalo.
Njengoba i-bioresistor ingafakwa ngqo eziqwini zezitshalo, ivumela ukubonwa kwezindlela zomzimba ezihambisana nokunyakaza kwama-ion ezitshalweni ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka njengesomiso, usawoti, umfutho onganele womusi kanye nomswakama ophezulu. I-Biostor isetshenziselwa futhi ukuthola izifo kanye nokulawula izinambuzane. Inzwa isetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha isimo samanzi sezitshalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-01-2024