Enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ezolimo ezihlakaniphile kancane kancane ziba injini entsha yokukhuthaza intuthuko yomkhakha. Njengobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko benzwa yomhlabathi yezolimo ezihlakaniphile, kuletha izinguquko ezinkulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo futhi kuvula isahluko esisha sezolimo ezinembile ngemisebenzi yaso enamandla nemiphumela emangalisayo.
Ukuqonda ngokunembile izimo zenhlabathi ukuze uvikele ukukhula kwezitshalo
Inhlabathi iyisisekelo sokukhula kwezitshalo, ukuvunda kwayo, i-pH, okuqukethwe komswakama kanye nezinye izimo kuthinta ngqo ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Inzwa yenhlabathi yezolimo ehlakaniphile ifakwe izinto zokuthola ngokunemba okuphezulu ukuqapha inani lemingcele ebalulekile enhlabathini ngesikhathi sangempela nangokunembile. Ngokuhlaziya le datha, abalimi bangaqonda ngokujulile isimo sangempela senhlabathi futhi banikeze indawo efanele kakhulu yokukhula kwezitshalo.
Epulazini elikhulu lokusanhlamvu e-Australia, esikhathini esidlule, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuqapha okunembile kwenhlabathi, abalimi babevame ukwenza izinto ngokuhlangenwe nakho ekuvundiseni nasekuniseleni, okuholela ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi okungalingani, ukukhula kwezitshalo okungalingani, kanye nobunzima bokuthuthukisa isivuno. Ngokufakwa kwezinzwa zenhlabathi yezolimo ezihlakaniphile, isimo sithuthuke kakhulu. Inzwa yondla okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium enhlabathini ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nolwazi lomswakama wenhlabathi, futhi abalimi bangalungisa ngokunembile inani lomanyolo nesikhathi sokunisela ngokusekelwe kule datha. Ngemva kwesizini eyodwa yokutshala, ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu kwepulazi kwanda ngo-25%, futhi okusanhlamvu kugcwele futhi kusezingeni elihle. Umlimi uthe ngenjabulo: “Inzwa yenhlabathi yezolimo ehlakaniphile ifana ‘nokuhlolwa okubanzi’ kwenhlabathi, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa umuthi ofanele, futhi ukulima kuba ngokwesayensi futhi kusebenze kangcono.”
Siza ekuthuthukiseni ezolimo eziluhlaza, ukunciphisa imfucuza yezinsiza kanye nokungcola
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme nakho kubalulekile ekuphishekeleni isivuno esikhulu sezolimo. Izinzwa zenhlabathi yezolimo ezihlakaniphile zingasiza abalimi ukufeza umanyolo oqondile kanye nokunisela okunembile, ukugwema imfucuza yezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa umanyolo obuningi kanye nokunisela ngokweqile. Ngokuqapha izakhamzimba zomhlabathi kanye nomswakama ngesikhathi sangempela, izinzwa zinganquma ngokunembile izidingo zezitshalo, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi basebenzise umanyolo kanye nokunisela ngesikhathi esifanele nangenani elifanele.
Esizindeni sokutshala imifino yemvelo eSingapore, abalimi basebenzisa izinzwa zenhlabathi yezolimo ezihlakaniphile ukulungisa ngokunembile ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wemvelo ngokusekelwe ku-pH yomhlabathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba, ukuqinisekisa izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwemifino ngenkathi kugwenywa ukungcola komanyolo. Ngokuphathelene nokunisela, inzwa iqapha umswakama wenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi iqalise ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo lokunisela lapho umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi kwenani elibekiwe, futhi ingalawula inani lokunisela ngokwezimpawu zokufunwa kwamanzi zezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngale ndlela, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi lesisekelo lenyuswe ngo-30%, kuyilapho ukuminyana kwenhlabathi kanye nokungcola kwamanzi okubangelwa umanyolo omningi kanye nokunisela kuncishisiwe, futhi intuthuko eqhubekayo yezolimo eziluhlaza iye yabonakala.
Sizokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezolimo futhi sinike amandla intuthuko yezomnotho zasemakhaya
Inzwa yenhlabathi yezolimo ehlakaniphile ayishintshi nje kuphela indlela yokukhiqiza yezolimo yendabuko, kodwa futhi inikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwentuthuko enkulu nehlakaniphile yemboni yezolimo, futhi ikhuthaza ukuchuma komnotho wasemakhaya. Ngolwazi oluningi lwenhlabathi oluqoqwe yizinzwa, amabhizinisi ezolimo kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi bangenza ukuhlaziywa okujulile, bathuthukise izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele kakhulu izimo zenhlabathi yendawo, bathuthukise izinhlelo zokutshala, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezolimo.
Edolobhaneni elikhulisa izithelo e-United States, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinzwa zomhlabathi ezihlakaniphile zezolimo, imboni yokutshala izithelo edolobhaneni ilethe amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yomhlabathi enikezwe yizinzwa, abalimi balungisa amasu abo okuphatha izivande, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kanye nekhwalithi kwathuthuka kakhulu. Idolobhana liphinde lasebenzisa le datha, ngokubambisana nepulatifomu yezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce, laqala insizakalo "yezithelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso", ngokwezidingo zabathengi ezahlukene zobumnandi bezithelo, i-asidi, ukutshala nokukha ngokunemba, okwamukelwa ngemfudumalo yimakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingadi ehlakaniphile eyakhiwe ngokuthembela kunzwa yomhlabathi wezolimo ehlakaniphile idonsele izivakashi eziningi ukuba zivakashele futhi zithole ulwazi, okuqhubekisele phambili intuthuko yezokuvakasha zasemakhaya futhi kwafaka amandla amasha emnothweni wasemakhaya.
Njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bezolimo ezihlakaniphile, izinzwa zomhlabathi zezolimo ezihlakaniphile zikhuthaza izinguquko ezinkulu ezindleleni zokukhiqiza ezolimo ngamakhono azo okuqapha aqondile, izinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo kanye nokunikezwa amandla okuqinile kwezimboni. Kunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sentuthuko yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu, eluhlaza neqhubekayo, futhi sekuyinto ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni izindawo zasemakhaya. Kukholelwa ukuthi maduze nje, izinzwa zomhlabathi zezolimo ezihlakaniphile zizosetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi, futhi zibhale isahluko esisha esihle kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo eShayina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-10-2025