Izinzwa zomhlabathi ziyisixazululo esiye safakazela ukufaneleka kwazo ngezikali ezincane futhi ezingaba wusizo kakhulu ngezinhloso zezolimo.
Ziyini Izinzwa Zomhlaba?
Izinzwa zilandelela izimo zenhlabathi, zivumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziya.Izinzwa zingakwazi ukulandelela cishe noma yisiphi isici senhlabathi, njenge-DNA yamagciwane ahlala khona, ukuze kushintshe ibhalansi ku-microbiome yomhlabathi enempilo, isivuno esikhulayo, kanye nokuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwensiza.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa kwezolimo zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene, ezifana namasignali kagesi nokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwamaza okukhanya, ukuze kutholwe izici ezibalulekile zensimu ezingaguqula imisebenzi yokulima.
Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Zomhlaba
Izinzwa zomhlabathi zingakala izici zomhlabathi ezifana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa, i-pH, usawoti, umswakama, imisebe ye-photosynthetic, kanye nebhalansi yezakhi.-ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium ebalulekile (NPK).
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zabo zokuphatha izitshalo, njengekhwalithi engcono yokusanhlamvu kanye nokuncishiswa kwezakhi zomzimba, izinzwa zomhlabathi zingazisa izibikezelo mayelana nemithombo yamanzi, ukuzinza komhlaba, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ezinye izimo zokusebenzisa zihlanganisa ukuhlela ukuchelela, ukuhlolwa kwe-watershed, ukuphrofayela ye-microbial ecology, nokuvimbela izifo zezitshalo.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Izinzwa Zomhlaba
Ukulandelela isimo senhlabathi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubalimi nakubalimi, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwesivuno sezitshalo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza.I-IoT, izinsiza zamafu, nokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kuvumela abalimi ukuthi benze izinqumo eziqhutshwa yidatha.
Izinzwa zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo, zigcine izitshalo ziphilile, zandise izinsiza, futhi zinciphise ukugeleza nokukhipha igesi okuhlasela imvelo.Ukuqapha njalo kuvimbela izinkinga, njengokuqubuka kwe-pathogen noma ukucinana kwenhlabathi.
Ukuqapha isimo senhlabathi ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi nakho kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo namanzi.It'Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-30% womanyolo we-nitrate ofakwe e-US uyakhukhula futhi ungcolise imithombo yamanzi.Ngisho nezinhlelo zokunisela ezihlakaniphile zingafinyelela ku-50% wokumoshwa kwamanzi, kanti ezolimo zibophezele ku-70% wamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele.Ikhono lokugcwalisa umswakama wenhlabathi ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo lingaba nomthelela omkhulu.
Ukufaka kanye Nokulinganisa Izinzwa Zomhlaba
Inzwa ngayinye izoba nomhlahlandlela wayo wokufaka , kodwa ukufaka ngokuvamile kudinga ukumba imbobo noma umsele phakathi komugqa wokunqampuna nokubeka izinzwa ekujuleni okuningi, okufaka eduze nezimpande zesitshalo.
Endaweni enkulu, izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zinquma ukubekwa ezindaweni ezibonisa yonke insimu noma uhlobo lwenhlabathi okufanele luphathwe, eduze kwezikhithi zamanzi, kanye nokuthintana ngqo nomhlabathi (okungukuthi, akukho maphakethe omoya).Amasayithi ezinzwa kufanele futhi amakwe noma amakwe ngenye indlela endaweni ukugwema ukulimala ngengozi.
Ngokungeziwe ekufakweni okufanele, ukulinganisa kwenzwa kubalulekile.Izinzwa zomhlabathi zibhalisa idatha yokuswakama komhlabathi njengeVolumetric Water Content (VWC), futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlabathi lune-VWC yalo.Izinzwa zomswakama womhlabathi zivame ukuba nokuzwela okuhlukile, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuba zilinganiswe ngazodwana.
Ukuxazulula inkinga
Ukungasebenzi kwemishini kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezinkinga zikagesi, ukuphazamiseka kwezilwane zasendle, noma izintambo ezingaxhumekile kahle.Noma yimuphi umoya ovuza ku-tensiometer uzoyenza ingathembeki.Ukuqinisekisa ukujula okulungile kokufakwa nezindlela zokuvimbela amanzi kungasiza ukugwema izinkinga ezizayo.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuxazulula izinkinga zihlanganisa:
Ukuhlola ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokujikeleza
Ukuhlanza izinzwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali
Ukulungisa okuvamile ukushintsha izingxenye ezilimele ngokusho komkhiqizi's umhlahlandlela wokukhanda
Ukuqapha Impilo Yenhlabathi
Izinzwa zomhlabathi zinikeza isu elinembe kakhudlwana, elihlelekile lokuhlola impilo yenhlabathi.Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi okuvamile kufana ne-biopsy, engathatha amasonto noma izinyanga, kuye ngezakhiwo zomhlabathi.
Izilinganiso zezinzwa zishesha kakhulu, zithatha ihora noma amabili kumahektare angama-50.Izinzwa zibonisa yonke into edingekayo ukuze kuphathwe kahle izitshalo, okuhlanganisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi, ukungezwani kwamanzi, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo.-inkomba enkulu yempilo yonke yomhlabathi-ngaphandle kwesidingo sokususa amasampula enhlabathi ngokomzimba.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Farm Management Systems
Ngokombiko we-StartUS Insights, izinzwa zomhlabathi ziwubuchwepheshe bokuqapha umhlabathi obunomthelela omkhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zenhlabathi nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokulima obukhulayo, okuhlanganisa imephu yenhlabathi esebenza ngamandla e-AI, ukucabanga kwasemoyeni, amarobhothi aqapha umhlabathi azihambelayo, ama-emission trackers, ukuhlaziya okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, i-nanotechnology, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-blockchain, kungathuthukisa ukuphathwa kwepulazi.
Izinselelo Nezixazululo Kubuchwepheshe Benzwa Yomhlaba
Ngokusekelwe embikweni ka-2020 weNyuvesi yaseNebraska, amaphesenti angu-12 kuphela amapulazi ase-US asebenzisa izinzwa zokuswakama komhlabathi ukuze anqume amashejuli okunisela.Izinzwa zomhlabathi sezisebenze kakhulu ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kokufinyeleleka, ukusebenzisana kahle komsebenzisi, kanye namandla okucubungula idatha nokubonisa, kodwa inqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe iyadingeka.
Izinzwa zomhlabathi kumele zingabizi kakhulu futhi zisebenzisane ukuze zamukelwe emhlabeni jikelele.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa ezikhona, okuholela ekuntulekeni kokumiswa nokuhambisana.
Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obukhona buthembele kuzinzwa zobunikazi, ezingenza ukwenza ngokwezifiso kube nzima.Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa, njengaleyo ethuthukiswe yi-UC Berkeley, yenza ukugibela kube lula ukuze kunikeze ukuqapha kwedatha ebukhoma futhi kukhuthaze ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okudala kuzo zonke izinkambu nezimakethe.
Izibonelo: Ukuqaliswa Okuyimpumelelo Kwezinzwa Zomhlaba
Izinzwa Zomhlaba Zisiza Abalimi Ukonge Amanzi Nemali
Ucwaningo lwaseClemson University lwathola ukuthi izinzwa zomswakama womhlabathi zingandisa abalimi'isilinganiso sensalela yemali engenayo ngama-20% ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokunisela ezindaweni ezihloliwe ezitshale amakinati, ubhontshisi wesoya, noma ukotini.
Izinkundla Zezemidlalo Eziqhubekayo eziningi
Izindawo zezemidlalo nazo zamukela izinzwa zomhlabathi.I-Wembley Stadium kanye neCitizens Bank Park (ikhaya lePhiladelphia Phillies) ziphakathi kwezindawo zemidlalo ezisebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi ukuze kugcinwe indawo yokudlala ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namandla, ngokusho komenzi wezinzwa zomhlabathi iSoil Scout.
Amathrendi Akusasa Kubuchwepheshe Benzwa Yomhlaba
Amathrendi asafufusa ahlanganisa i-nanotechnology , enezinhlayiya ze-nano-based egolide-noma-isiliva ezikhulisa ukuzwela kwenzwa ukuze kutholwe ukungcola komhlabathi njengezinsimbi ezinzima.
Izinzwa ezimbozwe ngama-nano-compounds zingalandela izici zenhlabathi bese zikhipha imisoco, njengomoya-mpilo, ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwekhwalithi yenhlabathi.Abanye babala izinkomba zezinto eziphilayo, njengezibalo zeminyundu, noma ukuhlukahluka kwe-microorganism, ngokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA, ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-microbiome yomhlabathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-09-2024