Izinzwa zomhlabathi zingenye yezixazululo eziye zafakazela ukuthi ziwusizo ngezikali ezincane futhi zingaba usizo olukhulu ezinhlosweni zezolimo.
Ziyini Izinzwa Zomhlabathi?
Izinzwa zilandelela izimo zenhlabathi, zivumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela. Izinzwa zingalandelela cishe noma yisiphi isici senhlabathi, njenge-DNA yama-microorganisms ahlala khona, ukuze zishintshe ibhalansi ziye ku-microbiome yenhlabathi enempilo, ukwanda kwesivuno, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo okuncishisiwe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa kwezolimo zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengezimpawu zikagesi kanye nokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwamagagasi okukhanya, ukuze kutholakale izici ezibalulekile zensimu ezingaguqula imisebenzi yokulima.
Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Zomhlabathi
Izinzwa zenhlabathi zingalinganisa izici zenhlabathi njengokuqukethwe komswakama, izinga lokushisa, i-pH, usawoti, umswakama, imisebe ye-photosynthetic, kanye nebhalansi yezakhamzimba.—ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen ebalulekile, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-potassium (NPK).
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zabo zokuphathwa kwezitshalo, njengekhwalithi engcono yokusanhlamvu kanye nokuncipha kokugeleza kwezakhamzimba, izinzwa zenhlabathi zingazisa izibikezelo eziphathelene nemithombo yamanzi, ukuzinza komhlaba, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ezinye izimo zokusetshenziswa zifaka phakathi ukuhlela ukunisela, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zamanzi, ukuhlonza imvelo yamagciwane, kanye nokuvimbela izifo zezitshalo.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Izinzwa Zomhlabathi
Ukulandelela isimo senhlabathi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubalimi nakubalimi, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwesivuno sezitshalo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza. I-IoT, izinsizakalo zamafu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kuvumela abalimi ukuthi benze izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha.
Izinzwa zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, zigcina izitshalo ziphilile, zandisa izinsizakusebenza, futhi zinciphise ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokuphuma kwegesi okuhlasela imvelo. Ukuqapha njalo kuvimbela nezinkinga, njengokuqubuka kwamagciwane noma ukuminyana kwenhlabathi.
Ukuqapha isimo senhlabathi kusetshenziswa izinzwa zenhlabathi nakho kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo namanzi.'Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-30% womanyolo we-nitrate osetshenziswa e-US uhlanza futhi ungcolise imithombo yamanzi. Ngisho nezinhlelo zokunisela ezihlakaniphile zingafinyelela ku-50% wokuchithwa kwamanzi, kanti ezolimo zibangela u-70% wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele. Ikhono lokugcwalisa umswakama wenhlabathi ngempumelelo nangendlela ephumelelayo lingaba nomthelela omkhulu.
Ukufaka Nokulinganisa Izinzwa Zenhlabathi
Inzwa ngayinye izoba nomhlahlandlela wayo wokufaka, kodwa ukufakwa ngokuvamile kudinga ukumba umgodi noma umsele ngaphakathi komugqa wokutshala nokubeka izinzwa ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa eduze kwezimpande zezitshalo.
Endaweni enkulu, imikhuba emihle inquma ukubekwa ezindaweni ezibonisa lonke uhlobo lwensimu noma inhlabathi okufanele iphathwe, eduze kwezindawo ezikhipha amanzi, futhi lapho kuhlangana khona inhlabathi ngqo (okungukuthi, akukho maphakethe omoya). Izindawo zokuzwa kufanele futhi zifakwe uphawu noma ziphawulwe ngenye indlela ebusweni ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo ongengozi.
Ngaphezu kokufakwa okufanele, ukulinganiswa kwezinzwa kubalulekile. Izinzwa zomhlabathi zibhalisa idatha yomswakama wenhlabathi njengokuqukethwe kwamanzi obuningi (i-VWC), futhi uhlobo ngalunye lomhlabathi lune-VWC yalo. Izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi zivame ukuba nokuzwela okuhlukile, futhi kungadingeka zilinganiswe ngazinye.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Ukwehluleka kwemishini kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezinkinga zikagesi, ukuphazamiseka okuvela ezilwaneni zasendle, noma izintambo ezingaxhumene kahle. Noma yimuphi umoya ovuza kwi-tensiometer uzokwenza ukuthi ingathembeki. Ukuqinisekisa ukujula kokufakwa okufanele kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela amanzi kungasiza ekugwemeni izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.
Amasu avamile okuxazulula izinkinga ahlanganisa:
Ukuhlola ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesekethe
Ukuhlanza izinzwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali
Ukwenza ukulungiswa okuvamile ukuze kushintshwe izingxenye ezonakele ngokusho komkhiqizi'umhlahlandlela wokulungisa
Ukuqapha Impilo Yomhlabathi
Izinzwa zomhlabathi zinikeza isu elinembile nelilula lokuhlola impilo yomhlabathi. Ukuhlolwa komhlabathi okuvamile kufana ne-biopsy, engathatha amasonto noma izinyanga, kuye ngezakhiwo zomhlabathi.
Ukulinganiswa kwezinzwa kushesha kakhulu, kuthatha ihora noma amabili kumahektare angama-50. Izinzwa zibonisa konke okudingekayo ukuze kuphathwe kahle izitshalo, okuhlanganisa okuqukethwe amanzi, ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo.—inkomba enhle yempilo yomhlabathi iyonke—ngaphandle kwesidingo sokususa amasampula enhlabathi ngokoqobo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zokuphatha Amapulazi
Ngokusho kombiko we-StartUS Insights, izinzwa zomhlabathi ziwubuchwepheshe bokuqapha umhlabathi obunethonya kakhulu ngenxa yokukhula kwazo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo. Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zomhlabathi nezinye ubuchwepheshe bokulima obukhula ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa imephu yomhlabathi esebenzisa i-AI, izithombe zasemoyeni, amarobhothi okuqapha umhlabathi ngokuzenzakalelayo, izilandeleli zokukhishwa komoya, ukuhlaziywa komhlabathi okungokoqobo okuthuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe be-nanotechnology, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-blockchain, kungenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwepulazi.
Izinselele kanye nezixazululo kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa zomhlabathi
Ngokusekelwe embikweni we-University of Nebraska ka-2020, amapulazi angu-12% kuphela ase-US asebenzisa izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi ukunquma amashejuli okunisela. Izinzwa zomhlabathi sezisebenze kakhulu ngenxa yokuthuthuka okukhulu ekufinyelelekeni, ubungane bomsebenzisi, kanye nekhono lokucubungula idatha nokubonisa, kodwa kudingeka intuthuko eyengeziwe.
Izinzwa zomhlabathi kumele zibe zingabizi kakhulu futhi zikwazi ukusebenzisana ukuze zisetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa, okuholela ekushodeni kokuhambisana kanye nokungabi khona kwezindinganiso.
Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obukhona buthembele kuzinzwa ezizimele, okungenza ukwenza ngokwezifiso kube nzima. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, njengalezo ezithuthukiswe yi-UC Berkeley, yenza kube lula ukubhalisa ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuqapha idatha ebukhoma futhi kukhuthazwe ukwenza izinqumo ngokushesha kuzo zonke izinkambu kanye nezimakethe.
Izifundo Zezimo: Ukuqaliswa Okuphumelelayo Kwezinzwa Zenhlabathi
Izinzwa Zomhlabathi Zisiza Abalimi Ukonga Amanzi Nemali
Ucwaningo lwaseClemson University luthole ukuthi izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi zingandisa abalimi'imali engenayo esezingeni eliphakathi ngo-20% ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokunisela emasimini ahlolwe atshale amakinati, ubhontshisi, noma ukotini.
Izinkundla Zezemidlalo Ezisimeme Kakhulu
Izindawo zemidlalo nazo zisebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi. I-Wembley Stadium kanye ne-Citizens Bank Park (ikhaya lePhiladelphia Phillies) ziphakathi kwezindawo zemidlalo ezisebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi ukugcina izindawo zokudlala ziluhlaza ngenkathi zisebenzisa amanzi namandla ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ngokusho komenzi wezinzwa zomhlabathi i-Soil Scout.
Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo Kubuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Zomhlabathi
Izitayela ezintsha zifaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe be-nanotechnology, obunezinhlayiya ezincane ezisekelwe egolideni noma esiliva ezikhulisa ukuzwela kwezinzwa ukuthola ukungcola kwenhlabathi njengezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Izinzwa ezimbozwe ngama-nano-compounds zingalandelela izici zenhlabathi bese zikhipha izakhamzimba, njenge-oxygen, ngenxa yekhwalithi yenhlabathi eshintshashintshayo. Ezinye zibala izinkomba zezinto eziphilayo, njengenani lemibungu yomhlabathi, noma ukuhlukahluka kwezinto ezincane eziphilayo, ngokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA, ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-microbiome yenhlabathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-09-2024