Ulethisi oluhlaza uyachuma esixazululweni sezakhi ngaphakathi kwamathangi okulima, wonke alawulwa izinzwa ezimbalwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ezisebenza buthule.
Elabhorethri yasenyuvesi esiFundazweni sase-Jiangsu, iqoqo likalethisi likhula ngamandla ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ngenxa yesistimu yokuqapha ehlakaniphile ye-hydroponic esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-IoT yebhande elincane. Umcwaningi uZhang Jing uchaze ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenzisa izinzwa eziningi zekhwalithi yamanzi ukuqapha imingcele yesixazululo sezakhi ngesikhathi sangempela, kuhlanganiswe nezindlela zokulawula ezingaqondakali ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokwezidingo zezitshalo.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-hydroponic busakazeka kakhulu, lezi zinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ezingacacile zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela ezikhungweni zokucwaninga ezichwepheshile kuye emakhaya ajwayelekile, izinhlelo ze-smart hydroponic ziguqula buthule izindlela zokulima zendabuko.
01 Isimo Samanje Sobuchwepheshe Be-Hydroponic
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshalwa kwenhlabathi yendabuko, i-hydroponics yenza ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokushesha futhi inciphise izinkinga zezinambuzane. Njengoba izitshalo zimunca njalo umsoco esixazululweni sezakhi, kubalulekile ukuqapha imingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi yesisombululo sezakhamzimba se-hydroponic ngokushesha nangokunembile, futhi ugcwalise imisoco njengoba kudingeka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa nokunciphisa izindleko, izinhlelo ze-smart hydroponic seziqalile ukusuka ezikhungweni zocwaningo ziye emakhaya ajwayelekile.
Isistimu ye-smart hydroponic evamile ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: izinzwa, izilawuli, nama-actuator.
Phakathi kwalokhu, izinzwa zinesibopho sokuqoqa imingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi ehlukahlukene, ekhonza "njengamehlo" kanye "nezindlebe" zesistimu. Ukunemba nokuzinza kwabo kunquma ngqo impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwalo lonke uhlelo lwe-hydroponic.
02 Uhlolojikelele Oluningiliziwe Lwezinzwa Eziyinhloko
Izinzwa ze-pH
Inani le-pH libalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kuma-hydroponics. Njengoba noma ubani osebenza emanzini azi, uhla lwe-pH olufanele lwemithombo yamanzi luphakathi kuka-7.5-8.5.
Izinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ze-pH zibona ukugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen ion ezintweni ezilinganisiwe futhi ziyiguqule ibe amasignali ahambisanayo okukhiphayo asebenzisekayo.
Ama-H+ ions esixazululweni asebenzisana ne-electrode yenzwa ukuze kukhiqizwe isignali kagesi, futhi ubukhulu be-voltage bulingana nokugxiliswa kwe-H+. Ngokulinganisa isignali ye-voltage, inani le-pH elihambisanayo lesisombululo lingatholakala.
Izinzwa ze-pH ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hydroponic ziyatholakala ngokwentengiso, njengezinzwa ezizenzakalelayo ze-hydroponic pH ezisekela izimiso zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile, ezinobubanzi bokulinganisa buka-0-14.00 pH nokulungiswa kufika ku-0.01 pH, okuvumela ukuqapha nokulawula okunembayo.
Izinzwa Zomoya-mpilo Ezincibilikisiwe
I-oxygen encibilikisiwe iyisici esibalulekile sokukhula kwezimpande ezinempilo ezitshalweni ze-hydroponic. Imizimba yamanzi engangcoliswanga izinto ezisebenzisa umoya-mpilo igcina umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emazingeni okugcwalisa.
Izinzwa zomoya-mpilo ezincibilikisiwe zikala inani le-oxygen encibilike emanzini.
Ama-molecule e-oksijeni asuka esixazululweni esilinganisiwe angena kulwelwesi olukhethiwe lwenzwa futhi abhekane nokuncipha okuhambisanayo noma ukusabela kwe-oxidation ku-cathode yangaphakathi ne-anode, ngesikhathi esisodwa ekhiqiza amasignali amanje. Ubukhulu bamanje bulingana nokugcwala komoyampilo okuncibilikisiwe.
Izinzwa ze-oksijeni ezincibilikisiwe ezichwepheshile ziyatholakala ngemiklamo ehlukene: ezinye ziyakwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima kuyilapho zinikeza ukunemba okuhle kakhulu; ezinye zenzelwe isikhathi sokuphendula, zilungele ukuhlolwa kwendawo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlaziya.
Izinzwa ze-Ion Concentration
Izinzwa zokugxilisa i-ion ziyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqapha ukwakheka kwesisombululo sezakhi. Ukugxila kwama-ion athile afana ne-nitrate, i-ammonium, ne-chloride kuthinta ngqo ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-ammonium ion ezikhethekile zingakala okuqukethwe kwe-ammonium emanzini emvelo, emanzini angaphezulu, emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, nasezinhlelweni zezolimo ezahlukahlukene.
I-patent ye-hydroponic solution ion concentration evela enyuvesi yezolimo ihlanganisa ama-ion electrode, izinzwa zokushisa, nezinzwa ze-pH, okuvumela ukuqonda ngokushesha izinguquko zokuhlushwa kwe-ion, ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa, kanye noshintsho lwe-pH ezixazululweni ze-hydroponic.
Izinzwa ze-Electrical Conductivity (EC).
I-conductivity kagesi iyinkomba eyinhloko yokulinganisa ingqikithi ye-ion kusisombululo sezakhi, okubonisa ngokuqondile izinga lokuzala lesisombululo sezakhi.
Ama-automatic EC transmitters aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuchelela ngenkasa kwezolimo kanye nama-hydroponics anikezela ngezilinganiso zokulinganisa ezifika ku-0-4000 µS/cm, ezisekela amaphrothokholi okukhiphayo ajwayelekile, akwazi ukuxhuma kumaphampu/amavalvu omthamo nokulawula amaswishi ephampu/amavalvu.
Izinzwa Zezinga lokushisa kanye ne-Turbidity
Izinga lokushisa lithinta ukukhula kwezimpande zezitshalo kanye nomsebenzi we-metabolic, kuyilapho ukungcola kukhombisa inani lezinhlayiya ezimisiwe esixazululweni sezakhi.
Kumaphrojekthi ethangi le-greenhouse hydroponic tank, abathuthukisi bangasebenzisa izinga lokushisa ledijithali elinemba okuphezulu kanye namamojula enzwa yomswakama, anokwanemba okujwayelekile kwezinga lokushisa okungu-±0.3℃ nokulungiswa okungu-0.01℃.
Izinzwa eziyisipesheli ze-turbidity zingasetshenziswa namathuluzi anepharamitha eminingi ukuze kuqashwe izinga le-turbidity lezixazululo zezakhi.
03 Izinhlelo Ezididiyelwe Ezinhlelweni Ezihlakaniphile
Idatha evela kuzinzwa ngazinye ngokuvamile ayanele ukuze ibonise ngokugcwele indawo ye-hydroponic, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa eziningi kube umkhuba okhulayo ezinhlelweni ezihlakaniphile ze-hydroponic.
Ama-multi-parameter probes anemiklamo engabizi angahlanganiswa kalula nezinhlelo zokulawula nezinhlelo ze-telemetry, ezifanele ukuthunyelwa isikhathi eside.
Amaqembu ocwaningo asungule izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe ku-IoT zama-hydroponics ezisebenzisa i-interfaces yesicelo seselula ukuze kuqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela imingcele yemvelo ye-hydroponic, kuhlanganiswe nezindlela zokulawula ezihlakaniphile ukuze kulungiswe imingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi yesisombululo sezakhi ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza nezidingo zezitshalo.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ukuthi uma amasistimu anjalo elawula izixazululo zezakhi, amapharamitha abalulekile njenge-pH kanye nokusebenza kukagesi angagcina amanani ahleliwe azinzile ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ezinengqondo.
04 Izinselele zobuchwepheshe kanye namathrendi esikhathi esizayo
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-hydroponic sensor buye benza inqubekelaphambili enkulu, izinselele eziningana zisekhona. Ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, amandla okumelana nokungcoliswa, kanye nemvamisa yokulinganisa yezinzwa yizinkinga ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.
Ikakhulukazi ama-electrode akhetha i-ion asengozini yokuphazamiseka kwamanye ama-ion futhi adinga ukulinganiswa okuvamile.
Izinzwa ze-hydroponic zesikhathi esizayo zizothuthukela ekusebenzeni okuningi, ubuhlakani, kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko.
Izinhlelo zezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe sezivele zinika amandla ukulinganisa kokusebenza okuphezulu kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-chlorophyll, i-pigments, i-fluorescence, i-turbidity, nokuningi.
Khonamanjalo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile, izithiyo zokungena kuma-smart hydroponic systems ziyehla, okwenza abantu abaningi babambe iqhaza kulolu shintsho lwezolimo.
Namuhla, izakhamizi eziningi zasemadolobheni seziqala ukuzama ama-hydroponics asekhaya. Kovulandi bezindawo zokuhlala emadolobheni ahlukahlukene, okuluhlaza okunamaqabunga akhula ngamandla emathangeni e-smart hydroponic asekelwe kumapulatifomu e-microcontroller adumile.
“Izinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ziwumgogodla wesimiso se-hydroponic—zifana 'nezinhlamvu zokunambitha' zezitshalo, ezisitshela ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezidinga ukulungiswa,” kuchaza umshisekeli.
Ukuphumelela okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa kushintsha ezolimo ezinembayo zisuke kokuhle zibe iqiniso.
Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene
1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi
2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-07-2025