Isiteshi Sezulu: Indawo eyimfihlakalo yokubamba amafu.
Iziteshi zezulu zingase zibe ngumqondo ongacacile engqondweni yomphakathi, futhi kungase kube nezithombe zemishini engavamile emi emasimini angenalutho, esebenza buthule kodwa ehlobene kakhulu nezibikezelo zezulu esizithola nsuku zonke. Lezi ziteshi zezulu zisakazwa yonke indawo, njengendawo eyisiphephelo engaqondakali, yiziphi izimfihlo ezifihliwe? Zibamba kanjani ngokunembile izinguquko futhi zinikeze ulwazi olubalulekile lwezulu ezimpilweni zethu? Namuhla, ake singene esiteshini sezulu bese sembula imfihlakalo yaso.
Impilo Yesikhathi Esidlule Neyamanje Yesiteshi Sezulu
Ukuthuthukiswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kufana nomlando omangalisayo wokuvela kobuchwepheshe. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokubuka kwesimo sezulu, abantu babekwazi ukurekhoda izinguquko zesimo sezulu ngamathuluzi alula namehlo angenalutho. Njengokusebenzisa isigxobo sokhuni esiboshwe ngemichilo yendwangu ukunquma isiqondiso somoya, nokubheka ukuma nombala wamafu ukubikezela isimo sezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaqala ukuvela izinsimbi zokubuka ezilula, njenge-thermometer, ama-barometer, njll., ukuze ukuqonda komuntu isimo sezulu kusukela kokungacacile kuya kokunembile.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, iziteshi zesimo sezulu ngomqondo wesimanje zasungulwa kancane kancane eYurophu, ezamukela izinsimbi zokubuka ezinembe kakhudlwana nezindlela zokuqopha, futhi ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yesimo sezulu kwakungokwesayensi futhi kuthembekile. Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, intuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ilethe izinguquko ezinkulu eziteshini zesimo sezulu, futhi kancane kancane kwaqaphela ukubonwa nokudluliselwa kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo. Namuhla, amasathelayithi esimo sezulu athuthukile, ama-radar kanye neminye imishini ibambisana neziteshi zesimo sezulu zomhlaba ukwakha inethiwekhi enkulu neyinkimbinkimbi yokuqapha isimo sezulu, okusivumela ukuthi siqonde ulwazi lwesimo sezulu ngokuphelele nangokunembile.
'Isikhali esiyimfihlo' seziteshi zezulu
Esiteshini sezulu, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene afana neqembu “lama-ejenti ayimfihlo” enza imisebenzi yawo, eqoqa buthule ulwazi lwezulu. I-Thermometer iyithuluzi lokwahlulela nokukala izinga lokushisa, isimiso sayo sokusebenza sisekelwe esimweni segesi eqinile, ewuketshezi, ethintekile ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokufinyela, noma ukusetshenziswa komphumela we-thermoelectric, izinguquko zokumelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izici. I-thermometer evamile ye-glass tube, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mercury noma i-alcohol thermal expansion kanye nokufinyela ukubonisa izinga lokushisa, isakhiwo esilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukunemba kokulinganisa kuphakeme kakhulu.
Ama-Hygrometer, asetshenziselwa ukukala umswakama womoya, i-hygrometer evamile ye-bubble emanzi neyomile, yenziwe ngama-thermometer amabili afanayo eceleni, elinye lawo linebhamuza lengilazi eligoqwe ngendwangu emanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi umswakama osendwangu emanzi uyahwamuka futhi umunce ukushisa, inani le-thermometer ye-bubble emanzi lincane kunele-thermometer ye-bubble eyomile. Uma umoya womile, kulapho ukuhwamuka kushesha khona, kulapho ukushisa kumuncwa khona kakhulu, futhi kulapho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-thermometer amabili uba mkhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho umhwamuko wamanzi ukhona emoyeni, kulapho umswakama uba mkhulu khona, lapho ukuhwamuka kuhamba kancane, kulapho umehluko uba mncane phakathi kwama-thermometer amabili, lapho umehluko ungabonisa khona okuqukethwe komhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni.
I-Anemometer, ukukala ijubane lomoya wethuluzi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziteshi zesimo sezulu ezivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-anemometer yendebe yomoya, ngama-degree amathathu ngalinye elibekwe ku-bracket nge-parabolic cone engenalutho ehlanganiswe nengxenye yokungeniswa, ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya, indebe yomoya ezungeze i-axis ngokulingana ngqo nesivinini sokujikeleza kwesivinini somoya, ukuze kulinganiswe isivinini somoya.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu "iGrand View Garden"
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukene zokubuka kanye nezindawo, ngayinye inezici zayo nemisebenzi yayo.
Isiteshi sezulu esingaphansi komhlaba yisona esivame kakhulu. Sifana “nesivikelo sezulu” esigxilile emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile sihlonyiswe ngamasimu okubuka isimo sezulu kanye nezinsimbi nemishini edingekayo, engalinganisa futhi iqophe izinto ezahlukahlukene zesimo sezulu, njengokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi, isivinini somoya, isiqondiso somoya, imvula, njll., okusinika ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nezimo zesimo sezulu emhlabeni. Sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekubukeni kwesimo sezulu, ocwaningweni lwesayensi, kwezolimo, ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela kanye neminye imikhakha.
Isiteshi sezulu esisezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu sinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokuhlola umkhathi ongaphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa amabhaluni akhipha umsindo, amarokhethi ezulu, izindiza kanye namanye amathuluzi, sithwala izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zokuthola indawo ephakeme ukuze sithole izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi, isiqondiso somoya, isivinini somoya kanye neminye imininingwane yezulu endaweni ephakeme, okubalulekile ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi lomoya. Kusisiza siqonde isakhiwo esiqondile somkhathi nokuthi sishintsha kanjani.
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu sasolwandle "singumlindi wesimo sezulu" olwandle, ongabekwa emikhunjini, ema-buoy, kumapulatifomu kawoyela, njll. Ngenxa yendawo yasemanzini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eguquguqukayo, isiteshi sesimo sezulu sasolwandle sidinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nokuqina. Siqapha kakhulu izinto zesimo sezulu olwandle, njengamagagasi, izinga lokushisa lolwandle, inkungu yolwandle, umoya wolwandle, njll. Sizohlinzeka ngokusekelwa okubalulekile kokuzulazula, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zasolwandle, kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sezinhlekelele zasolwandle.
Iziteshi zezulu: Abaqaphi abangabonakali bokuphila
Ukubaluleka kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kungaphezu kakhulu kwesibikezelo sezulu esilula esisibona nsuku zonke, kufana nomqaphi ongabonakali, oqapha buthule zonke izici zokuphila kwethu.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu kanye nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziyizici ezinamandla zokwakha idatha ngemuva kwezibikezelo zesimo sezulu. Izibikezelo zesimo sezulu esizizwayo nesizibona nsuku zonke, kusukela esibikezelweni sesimo sezulu esilula kuya emininingwaneni eyinkimbinkimbi yokushisa, umswakama, umoya, njll., azihlukaniseki nedatha eqoqwe yiziteshi zesimo sezulu. Le datha idluliselwa njalo esikhungweni sesimo sezulu, ngemuva kokubala okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlaziya, futhi ekugcineni yakha isibikezelo sezulu esisijwayele.
Uma idatha evela eziteshini zesimo sezulu ingalungile, isibikezelo sezulu sizofana nomnsalo nomcibisholo olahlekelwe umgomo wawo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukushaya umgomo. Cabanga ukuthi idatha yokushisa enganembile ingaholela kanjani kubantu abagqoke izingubo ezincane ezinsukwini ezibandayo noma abangalungiseleli ezinsukwini ezishisayo; Izibikezelo zemvula azilungile, abalimi bangase baphuthelwe isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokunisela, futhi amadolobha angase agcwale amanzi ngenxa yezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezingalungiswanga kahle. Ngakho-ke, idatha enembile enikezwa yisiteshi sesimo sezulu iyisiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokunemba kwesibikezelo sezulu, esivumela ukuthi silungiselele zonke izinhlobo zesimo sezulu kusenesikhathi, futhi senze amalungiselelo afanele okuphila nomsebenzi.
Iziteshi zezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezolimo
Kwezolimo, idatha yesiteshi sezulu ifana nesibani, ekhanyisa indlela abalimi abahlela ngayo izindaba zabo zepulazi. Izitshalo ezahlukene zinezidingo ezahlukene zezimo zezulu ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula. Iziteshi zezulu zingaqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, imvula nezinye izinto zezulu ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi zinikeze abalimi isiqondiso sesayensi sezolimo.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ngemininingwane yesiteshi sezulu, abalimi bangazi ukuthi izinga lokushisa lendawo lizinzile yini ebangeni elifanele ukuhluma kwembewu nokuthi umswakama womhlabathi uyafaneleka yini, ukuze kutholakale isikhathi esihle sokutshala. Enkambisweni yokukhula kwezitshalo, iziteshi zezulu zingabikezela izimo zezulu zokusabalala okuphezulu kwezifo nezinambuzane, njengezinye izinambuzane okulula ukuzizala ngaphansi kokushisa nomswakama othize, abalimi bangathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kusengaphambili ukunciphisa umonakalo wezifo nezinambuzane ezitshalweni. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izibikezelo zemvula ezivela eziteshini zezulu zingasiza abalimi ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuvuna nokugwema umonakalo wezitshalo ngenxa yemvula. Kungashiwo ukuthi idatha evela eziteshini zezulu ifana “nenduku yomlingo” ezandleni zabalimi, esiza izitshalo ukuba zichume futhi ziqinisekise isivuno esihle.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu kanye nokuphepha kwethrafikhi
Emkhakheni wokuphepha kwezimoto, isiteshi sezulu siwumugqa obalulekile wokuzivikela ukuvimbela izingozi zezimoto. Isimo sezulu esibi siyisitha sokuphepha kwezimoto, imvula enkulu, iqhwa, inkungu, umoya kanye nezinye izimo zezulu kungaholela emigwaqweni eshelelayo, ukuncipha kokubonakala, ubunzima bokuphatha izimoto kanye nezinye izinkinga, okwandisa ukwanda kwezingozi zezimoto.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu sethrafikhi zifana “nabalindi bezokuphepha” emgwaqweni, beqapha izimo zesimo sezulu ezizungezile umgwaqo ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma isimo sezulu esibi sesiqashwe, iminyango efanele ingathatha izinyathelo ezifike ngesikhathi, njengokubeka izimpawu zokuxwayisa emgwaqweni omkhulu, imikhawulo yesivinini, ukuvalwa komgwaqo, njll., ukukhumbuza abashayeli ukuthi bashayele ngokucophelela futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha komgwaqo. Isibonelo, esimweni sezulu esinomswakama, isiteshi sesimo sezulu sethrafikhi singalinganisa ngokunembile ukubonakala, futhi idatha idluliselwa emnyangweni wokuphathwa kwethrafikhi ngesikhathi esifanele, umnyango wokuphatha ngokwesimo sokubonakala, ukulawulwa okunengqondo kwesivinini semoto, ukugwema ngenxa yokungaboni kahle okubangelwa ukushayisana kwangemuva, ukushayisana nezinye izingozi.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu kanye nemboni yamandla
Embonini yamandla, idatha yesiteshi sezulu idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla omoya kanye nelanga. Kumapulazi omoya, isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Isiteshi sezulu singaqapha ushintsho lwesivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi sisize ibhizinisi lokukhiqizwa kwamandla ukuhlela ukusebenza kwefeni ngokufanele futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Uma isivinini somoya siphansi kakhulu, ifeni ingase ingafinyeleli ekukhiqizeni amandla okulinganiselwe; Uma isivinini somoya siphezulu kakhulu, ukuze kuvikelwe imishini yefeni, kungadingeka ukuthi kumiswe. Ngedatha yesiteshi sezulu, izinkampani zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zingabikezela izinguquko zesivinini somoya kusenesikhathi futhi zilungise ukuhlela kwabalandeli kanye nezinhlelo zokulungisa.
Ekukhiqizweni kwamandla elanga, idatha yesimo sezulu efana nokuqina kwemisebe yelanga kanye nobude belanga kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zingaqapha izinguquko ekuqineni kwemisebe yelanga, zisize izinkampani zamandla elanga zihlole amandla okukhiqizwa kwamandla, futhi zihlele ngokuhlakanipha ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kweziteshi zamandla elanga. Esimweni sezulu esinamafu noma esinamafu, ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga kuyancishiswa, amabhizinisi akhiqiza amandla angalungisa uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kusengaphambili ngokwedatha yesiteshi sezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla.
Hlola isiteshi sezulu esiyimfihlakalo
Nginelukuluku kanye nokulindela kwesiteshi sezulu, ngangena kule "nqaba yesimo sezulu" eyimfihlakalo. Uma sengingene esiteshini sezulu, kufana nokungena ezweni elimangalisayo lapho ubuchwepheshe kanye nemvelo kuhlangana khona.
Emkhakheni wokubuka, izinsimbi zomculo ezahlukahlukene zihlelwe ngendlela engahleliwe, njengeqembu lamasosha alinde imiyalelo. Abasebenzi basebenzise izinsimbi ngobuchule futhi bagxila ekuqopheni idatha, futhi amehlo abo aveza uthando lwabo kanye nobungcweti emsebenzini wesimo sezulu.
Esikhungweni sokucubungula idatha yesimo sezulu sangaphakathi, idatha ehlukahlukene yesimo sezulu idansa esikrinini sekhompyutha, futhi abasebenzi babheka isikrini futhi bahlaziye ukuthambekela kwedatha. Banjengeqembu lamaqhawe angemuva kwesigcawu, aguqula idatha yesimo sezulu eyinkimbinkimbi ibe izibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezilula ukuziqonda ezenza kube lula ukuphila kwethu.
Umdwebo wekusasa lesiteshi sezulu
Uma sibheke phambili esikhathini esizayo, iziteshi zezulu zizoba nekusasa eliqhakazile ngokukhuthazwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-big data, kanye ne-Internet of Things, izinga lobuhlakani beziteshi zezulu lizothuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa bungenza ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo nokunembile kwedatha enkulu yesimo sezulu, kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kanye nokuhambisana nesikhathi kwezibikezelo zesimo sezulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-Big data bungahlanganisa idatha evela eziteshini zesimo sezulu ezahlukene kanye neminye imikhakha ehlobene ukuze kutholakale ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa okuphelele kocwaningo lwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza izinqumo. Ubuchwepheshe be-Intanethi Yezinto buzokwenza imishini eziteshini zesimo sezulu ixhumane, kwenze kube lula ukudluliselwa kwedatha nokwabelana ngayo ngendlela ephumelelayo, kuyilapho futhi kusiza ukuqapha nokugcinwa kwemishini kude.
Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe bokubuka, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zizoqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha futhi ziphume. Isibonelo, izinzwa ezintsha zizokwazi ukukala izakhi ezahlukene zesimo sezulu ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi zibone ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ezazinzima ukuzibona ngaphambili. Amasathelayithi esimo sezulu anesinqumo esiphezulu kanye nama-radar azosinika izithombe zesimo sezulu ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi, okusinika ukuqonda okunembile kokuvela kwezinhlelo zesimo sezulu.
Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu nazo zizoqhubeka nokukhula. Ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni yendabuko njengokubikezela isimo sezulu, ezolimo, ezokuthutha, kanye namandla, kuzophinde kudlale indima enkulu emikhakheni esanda kuvela njengokwakhiwa kwedolobha elihlakaniphile, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, idatha yeziteshi zesimo sezulu ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwamandla kwedolobha, ukuhlela ezokuthutha, ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nezinye izici; Ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zingaqapha umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ohlelweni lwemvelo futhi zinikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwayo. Emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kwempilo, idatha evela eziteshini zesimo sezulu ingasiza abacwaningi ukuhlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici zesimo sezulu kanye nokudluliswa kwezifo, futhi inikeze izinkomba zokuvimbela nokulawula izifo.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zethu njengezindawo eziyimfihlakalo zokubanjwa. Akugcini nje ngokusinika izibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezinembile, kodwa futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi efana nezolimo, ezokuthutha, kanye namandla, kuqapha zonke izici zokuphila kwethu. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ninganaka kakhulu isiteshi sesimo sezulu kanye nembangela yesimo sezulu, futhi nibheke phambili ndawonye esiteshini sesimo sezulu esikhathini esizayo ukuze sisilethele izimanga eziningi kanye nokulula.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-25-2025