1. Indaba Yokuqapha Isimo Sezulu Sasemadolobheni kanye Nesexwayiso Sasekuseni
(I) Isizinda Sephrojekthi
Ekuqapheni isimo sezulu edolobheni elikhulu lase-Australia, imishini yokubuka isimo sezulu yendabuko inemikhawulo ethile ekuqapheni izinguquko zesistimu yamafu, izindawo zemvula kanye nobukhulu bayo, futhi kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesevisi yesimo sezulu ethuthukisiwe yedolobha. Ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu esingazelelwe, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha izixwayiso kusenesikhathi ngendlela enembile nefanele, okubangela ingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu basemadolobheni, ezokuthutha kanye nokuphepha komphakathi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuqapha isimo sezulu kanye nezixwayiso kusenesikhathi, iminyango efanele yethule izithombe zesibhakabhaka.
(II) Isixazululo
Ezindaweni ezahlukene zedolobha, njengeziteshi zokubuka isimo sezulu, ophahleni lwezakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nezinye izindawo ezivulekile, kufakwa izithombe eziningi zesibhakabhaka. Lezi zithombe zisebenzisa amalensi abanzi ukuze zithwebule izithombe zesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sangempela, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqaphela izithombe kanye nokucubungula ukuhlaziya ukujiya, isivinini sokunyakaza, ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka kwamafu, njll., futhi zihlanganise nedatha efana nezithombe ze-radar yesimo sezulu kanye ne-satellite cloud. Idatha ixhunywe ohlelweni lokuqapha isimo sezulu lwasemadolobheni kanye nohlelo lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ukuze kufezwe ukuqapha okungaphazanyiswa amahora angama-24. Uma izimpawu zesimo sezulu esingavamile sezitholakele, uhlelo lukhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi eminyangweni efanele kanye nomphakathi.
(III) Umphumela wokusetshenziswa
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwesithombe sesibhakabhaka, ukufaneleka kwesikhathi kanye nokunemba kokuqapha isimo sezulu sasemadolobheni kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sesimo sezulu esinzima esishintshashintshayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamafu kanye nendlela yokuhamba kwaqashwa ngokunembile amahora ama-2 kusengaphambili, okwanikeza isikhathi esanele sokulawula izikhukhula zedolobha, ukuphambuka kwethrafikhi kanye neminye iminyango. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esidlule, ukunemba kwezixwayiso zesimo sezulu kukhuphuke ngo-30%, kanti ukwaneliseka komphakathi ngezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu kukhuphuke kusuka ku-70% kuya ku-85%, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kanye nokulimala okubangelwa yizinhlekelele zesimo sezulu.
2. Ikesi Lokuqinisekisa Ukuphepha Kwezindiza Esikhumulweni Sezindiza
(I) Isizinda Sephrojekthi
Ngesikhathi sokusuka nokufika kwezindiza esikhumulweni sezindiza empumalanga ye-United States, amafu aphezulu, ukubonakala kanye nezinye izimo zezulu zinomthelela omkhulu. Imishini yokuqala yokuqapha isimo sezulu ayiqondile ngokwanele ukuqapha izinguquko zesimo sezulu endaweni encane ezungeze isikhumulo sezindiza. Emafwini aphansi, inkungu kanye nezinye izimo zezulu, kunzima ukwahlulela ngokunembile ukubonakala kwendiza, okwandisa ingozi yokubambezeleka kwezindiza, ukukhanselwa ngisho nezingozi zokuphepha, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kwesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nokuphepha kwezindiza. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe lesi simo, isikhumulo sezindiza sathumela isithombe sesibhakabhaka.
(II) Isixazululo
Izithombe zesibhakabhaka ezinembe kakhulu zifakiwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zendlela yendiza yesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile ezizungezile ukuze kuqashwe futhi kuhlaziywe izinto zesimo sezulu ezifana namafu, ukubonakala, kanye nemvula ngaphezulu naseduze kwesikhumulo sezindiza ngesikhathi sangempela. Izithombe ezithathwe ngumthwebuli wezithombe zidluliselwa esikhungweni sesimo sezulu sesikhumulo sezindiza ngenethiwekhi ezinikele, futhi zihlanganiswe nedatha evela kweminye imishini yesimo sezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe imephu yesimo sezulu sendawo yesikhumulo sezindiza. Lapho izimo zesimo sezulu ziseduze noma zifinyelela inani elibalulekile lezindinganiso zokusuka nokufika kwendiza, uhlelo luzokhipha ngokushesha ulwazi lwesixwayiso emnyangweni wokulawula ithrafikhi yezindiza, izindiza, njll., okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokwenza izinqumo zomyalo wokulawula ithrafikhi yezindiza kanye nokuhlela indiza.
(III) Umphumela wokusetshenziswa
Ngemva kokufaka i-sky imager, ikhono lokuqapha lesikhumulo sezindiza ngezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi lithuthukisiwe kakhulu. Emafwini aphansi kanye nesimo sezulu esinomswakama, ububanzi bokubona bendiza bungahlulelwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana, okwenza izinqumo zokusuka nokufika kwendiza zibe zesayensi futhi zinengqondo. Izinga lokulibaziseka kwendiza lincishisiwe ngo-25%, kanti inani lokukhanselwa kwendiza ngenxa yezizathu zezulu lincishisiwe ngo-20%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuphepha kwezindiza lithuthukisiwe ngempumelelo, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhamba kwabagibeli kanye nohlelo olujwayelekile lokusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza.
3. Icala Locwaningo Olusizayo Lokubuka Izinkanyezi
(I) Isizinda Sephrojekthi
Uma kwenziwa ukubhekwa kwezinkanyezi endaweni yokuhlola izinkanyezi e-Iceland, kuthinteka kakhulu yizici zezulu, ikakhulukazi ukumbozwa kwamafu, okuzophazamisa kakhulu uhlelo lokuhlola. Izibikezelo zezulu zendabuko kunzima ukubikezela ngokunembile izinguquko zesimo sezulu zesikhathi esifushane endaweni yokuqapha, okuholela ekutheni imishini yokuqapha ivame ukungasebenzi futhi ilinde, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola futhi kuthinte inqubekela phambili yomsebenzi wocwaningo lwesayensi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokubhekwa kwezinkanyezi, indawo yokuhlola isebenzisa isithombe sesibhakabhaka ukusiza ukubhekwa.
(II) Isixazululo
I-sky imager ifakwa endaweni evulekile ye-astronaut observatory ukuze ithwebule izithombe zesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ihlaziye ukumbozwa kwamafu. Ngokuxhumanisa nemishini yokubuka izinkanyezi, lapho i-sky imager ibona ukuthi kunamafu ambalwa endaweni yokubuka futhi izimo zezulu zifanelekile, imishini yokubuka izinkanyezi iqalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ibonwe; uma ungqimba lwamafu lukhula noma kwenzeka ezinye izimo zezulu ezimbi, ukubonwa kuyamiswa ngesikhathi futhi kukhishwa isixwayiso kusenesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idatha yesithombe sesibhakabhaka yesikhathi eside iyagcinwa futhi ihlaziywe, futhi amaphethini okushintsha kwesimo sezulu amaphuzu okubuka afingqiwe ukuze anikeze ireferensi yokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokubuka.
(III) Umphumela wokusetshenziswa
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwesithombe sesibhakabhaka, isikhathi sokubuka esisebenzayo sendawo yokubuka izinkanyezi sanda ngo-35%, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokubuka lathuthuka kakhulu. Abacwaningi bangathola amathuba okubuka afanele ngesikhathi, bathole idatha yokubuka izinkanyezi esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi bathole imiphumela emisha yocwaningo lwesayensi emkhakheni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinkanyezi kanye nocwaningo lwe-galaxy, okuye kwakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwezinkanyezi.
I-sky imager iqaphela umsebenzi wayo ngokuqoqa, ukucubungula nokuhlaziya izithombe zesibhakabhaka. Ngizohlukanisa ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuthola izithombe, ukuhlaziya izakhi zesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yokukhipha ezicini ezimbili zokwakheka kwehadiwe kanye ne-algorithm yesofthiwe, bese ngichaza isimiso sokusebenza kuwe.
I-sky imager iqapha kakhulu izimo zesibhakabhaka kanye nezakhi zesimo sezulu ngokusebenzisa izithombe ezibonakalayo, ukuqashelwa kwezithombe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya idatha. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza simi kanje:
Ukutholwa kwesithombe: I-sky imager ifakwe ilensi ene-engeli ebanzi noma ilensi ye-fisheye, engathwebula izithombe zesibhakabhaka nge-engeli enkulu yokubuka. Ububanzi bokudubula beminye imishini bungafinyelela ku-360° ring shooting, ukuze ithwebule ngokugcwele ulwazi olufana namafu futhi ikhanye esibhakabhakeni. Ilensi ihlanganisa ukukhanya ku-sensor yesithombe (njenge-CCD noma i-CMOS sensor), bese i-sensor iguqula isignali yokukhanya ibe yisignali kagesi noma isignali yedijithali ukuze kuqedwe ukutholwa kokuqala kwesithombe.
Ukucubungula isithombe kusengaphambili: Isithombe sokuqala esiqoqiwe singase sibe nezinkinga ezifana nomsindo nokukhanya okungalingani, futhi ukucubungula kusengaphambili kuyadingeka. Umsindo wesithombe ususwa ngokuhlunga i-algorithm, futhi ukungafani kwesithombe nokukhanya kulungiswa ngokulinganisa i-histogram nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukucaca kwama-targets afana namafu esithombeni ukuze kuhlaziywe okulandelayo.
Ukutholwa nokuhlonza amafu: Sebenzisa ama-algorithm okubona izithombe ukuze uhlaziye izithombe ezicutshungulwe ngaphambilini futhi ukhombe izindawo zamafu. Izindlela ezivamile zifaka phakathi ama-algorithm asekelwe ekuhlukaniseni kwemingcele, abeka imingcele efanele yokuhlukanisa amafu nesizinda ngokusekelwe kumehluko we-grayscale, umbala kanye nezinye izici phakathi kwamafu nesizinda sesibhakabhaka; ama-algorithm asekelwe ekufundeni komshini, aqeqesha inani elikhulu ledatha yesithombe sesibhakabhaka esinelebula ukuvumela imodeli ukuthi ifunde amaphethini ahlukile amafu, ngaleyo ndlela ihlonze amafu ngokunembile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zesimo sezulu:
Ukubalwa kwamapharamitha efu: Ngemva kokubona amafu, hlaziya amapharamitha anjengobukhulu bamafu, indawo, isivinini sokuhamba kanye nesiqondiso. Ngokuqhathanisa izithombe ezithathwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene, bala ushintsho endaweni yamafu, bese uthola isivinini sokuhamba kanye nesiqondiso; qagela ubukhulu bamafu ngokusekelwe kulwazi olumpunga noma lombala lwamafu esithombeni, kuhlanganiswe nemodeli yokudlulisela imisebe yasemkhathini.
Ukuhlolwa kokubonakala: Linganisa ukubonakala komoya ngokuhlaziya ukucaca, ukuqhathanisa nezinye izici zezigcawu ezikude esithombeni, kuhlanganiswe nemodeli yokuhlakazeka komoya. Uma izigcawu ezikude esithombeni zifiphele futhi ukuqhathanisa kuphansi, kusho ukuthi ukubonakala kubi.
Ukwahlulela ngezenzakalo zesimo sezulu: Ngaphezu kwamafu, abathwebuli bezithombe zesibhakabhaka bangabona nezinye izimo zesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, ngokuhlaziya ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amaconsi emvula, amaqhwa nezinye izici zokukhanya eziboniswayo esithombeni, kungenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini isimo sezulu semvula; ngokuya ngombala wesibhakabhaka kanye noshintsho ekukhanyeni, kungenzeka ukusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izimo zesimo sezulu ezifana nokuduma kwezulu kanye nenkungu.
Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha kanye nokukhishwa kwayo: Idatha yesakhi sesimo sezulu esihlaziyiwe njengamafu nokubonakala kwayo ihlanganiswe futhi ikhishwa ngendlela yamashadi abonakalayo, imibiko yedatha, njll. Ezinye izithombe zesibhakabhaka nazo zisekela ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha neminye imishini yokuqapha isimo sezulu (njenge-radar yesimo sezulu kanye neziteshi zesimo sezulu) ukuze inikeze izinsizakalo zolwazi oluphelele lwesimo sezulu ngezimo zohlelo lokusebenza njengokubikezela isimo sezulu, ukuphepha kwezindiza, kanye nokubuka izinkanyezi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngemininingwane yezimiso zengxenye ethile yesithombe sesibhakabhaka, noma umehluko ezimisweni zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini, ngicela ungitshele.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-19-2025