Embindini wezolimo zesimanje - izindawo zokugcina izithombo, yize izitshalo zivikelwe esimweni sezulu esishintshayo semvelo, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, umthombo wokuphila kwazo - kushintshe kusuka ekuthembeleni emvuleni kuya ekunqunyweni ngokuphelele yisinqumo sabantu. Sekuyisikhathi eside, ukunisela kuvame ukuthembela ekwahluleleni kwabalimi okusekelwe emibonweni noma ohlelweni oluhleliwe. Le ndlela ingaholela kalula ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi okungalingani, okubangela ukucindezeleka kwezimpande, ukulahlekelwa izakhamzimba kanye nezingozi zezifo. Ukuvela kwezinzwa zokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama kuletha ukunisela kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kusukela enkathini "eqhutshwa ulwazi" kuya enkathini "eqhutshwa idatha" yokunemba, okuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaconsi amanzi "anikezwa ngempela njengoba kudingeka futhi efanele".
I. Ukuhluka Kwendawo Yokugcina Izitshalo: Kungani Idatha Yomhlabathi Ibaluleke Kangaka?
Indlu yokugcina izitshalo iwuhlelo lwemvelo olulawulwayo kodwa oluyinkimbinkimbi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwensimu evulekile, izici zalo zihlukile:
Amanzi alawulwa ngokuphelele ngokwenziwa: Akukho mvula yemvelo yokuwagcwalisa, futhi ukunisela kuwukuphela komthombo wamanzi.
Ukuhwamuka okukhulu kanye nokuphefumula: Endaweni evaliwe noma evalwe kancane evikelwe umoya, ikakhulukazi lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okwanele, izinga lokuhwamuka kwezitshalo kanye nokuhwamuka komhlabathi libalulekile.
Indawo yesistimu yezimpande iminyene futhi iyazwela: Izitshalo zitshalwa ziminyene, futhi ububanzi bomsebenzi wesistimu yezimpande bugxile. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okungalingani noma ukugcwala kwamanzi kungathinta ngokushesha impilo iyonke.
Amanzi nomanyolo ohlanganiswe kahle kakhulu: Ukunisela kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa nomanyolo, futhi ukuphathwa kwamanzi kuhlobene ngqo nokutholakala kanye nokusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha kwangempela nokunembile kokuguquguquka komswakama kanye nokushisa kwenhlabathi yengqimba yezimpande kuye kwaba yitshe lesisekelo lezindawo zokugcina izithombo ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile nokucwengekile.
Ii. Indima Eyinhloko Yezinzwa: Ukusebenza “njengomhumushi wezinto eziphilayo” wezitshalo
Izinzwa zokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama ezifakwe endaweni yezimpande zezitshalo zinenani eliyinhloko lokuguqula isimo senhlabathi sibe umfudlana wedatha oqhubekayo nongalinganiswa, ikakhulukazi zifeza ukuqapha okubili okubalulekile:
Okuqukethwe kwamanzi angumthamo: Kubonisa ngqo isilinganiso samanzi acwebile enhlabathini angamuncwa ngqo yizitshalo futhi kuyisibonakaliso segolide sokwahlulela izidingo zokunisela.
Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi: Lithinta kakhulu amandla ezimpande, izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi nezakhamzimba, kanye nemisebenzi yamagciwane enhlabathi, futhi liyisisekelo esibalulekile sokwenza ngcono amasu okunisela (njengokushisa kwamanzi kanye nesikhathi).
Iii. Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Okuguqulayo Ezindlini Zokugcina Izitshalo
Shayela ukunisela okunembile bese uvalelisa "esikhathini" kanye "nomuzwa"
Ukuzijwayeza: Setha imikhawulo ephezulu nephansi yokuqukethwe komswakama wenhlabathi ngokusekelwe ezitshalweni ezahlukene kanye nezigaba zazo zokukhula. Lapho ukuqapha kwenzwa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lomswakama lingaphansi komkhawulo ophansi, uhlelo luqala ngokuzenzakalelayo noma lukhuthaza ukuqala ukunisela. Kuzoyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho umkhawulo ophezulu ufinyelelwa.
Inani
Ukongiwa kwamanzi okuphawulekayo: Ukugwema ukunisela okungasebenzi kahle kanye nokuvuza kwamanzi okujulile, kungonga amanzi angu-20% kuya ku-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi yendabuko yesikhathi.
Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yesivuno kanye nokuvumelana: Gcina izinga lomswakama wenhlabathi elizinzile ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka kwezithelo kanye nokwehla kokunambitheka okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwamanzi.
Khuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande okunempilo: Gwema i-root hypoxia ebangelwa umswakama omningi, khuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande phansi, futhi uthuthukise ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwesitshalo.
2. Lungiselela ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi nomanyolo ukuze kufezwe "ukudla okunembile"
Umkhuba: Uhlelo lokunisela luqala futhi lulawule ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwenziwa kohlelo lokufaka umanyolo ngokusekelwe kudatha yomswakama wenhlabathi yesikhathi sangempela. Qinisekisa ukuthi ivolumu yokunisela ihambisana kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlushwa kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba endaweni yezimpande.
Inani: Khulisa kakhulu izinga lokusetshenziswa komanyolo, kunciphisa ingozi yokuqongelela usawoti endaweni yezimpande, futhi kufezwe isimo sokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ngendlela ezuzisa bonke abantu ngenkathi kwandiswa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvikela imvelo.
3. Isexwayiso ngokucindezeleka kwemvelo nokusebenza “njengomlindi” wezifo
Umkhuba: Indawo ehlala inomswakama ophezulu iyindawo ekahle yokuzalela izifo eziningi ezithwalwa yinhlabathi, njengokubola kwezimpande kanye nokubola kwezimpande. Inzwa ingaqapha futhi ixwayise ngokuqhubekayo ngezimo zomswakama ophezulu zesikhathi eside.
Inani: Khumbuza abaphathi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuthi balungise izinhlelo zokunisela noma bathathe izinyathelo zezolimo, banqume uchungechunge lokuvela kwezifo ngokombono wezemvelo, futhi banciphise izindleko kanye nengozi yokuvimbela nokulawula.
4. Nika amandla amamodeli ezitshalo kanye nokwenza izinqumo zesayensi
Umkhuba: Idatha yamanzi enhlabathi kanye nokushisa eqoqwe isikhathi eside, kuhlanganiswe nedatha yesiteshi sesimo sezulu se-greenhouse, ingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa nokwenza ngcono amamodeli okulingisa ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Inani: Ukubikezela ngokunembile umjikelezo wokukhula, ukwakheka kwesivuno kanye nezinguquko zekhwalithi yezitshalo, ukuhlinzeka ngesiqondiso sesayensi esibheke phambili sokuhlela ukukhiqiza, amalungiselelo ezisebenzi kanye nokunikezwa kwemakethe.
Iv. Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokucatshangelwa Kokusetshenziswa Okuphumelelayo
Izindawo ezimele ukwakheka: Kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwendlu yokugcina izitshalo (njengendawo yokungenisa umoya, indawo ephakathi nendawo kanye nomthombo wamanzi) kanye nasezindaweni ezahlukene zokutshala izitshalo ukuze kuboniswe ngempela umehluko wendawo yemvelo.
Ukuqapha ukufana kokujula: Ukujula kokufakwa kwenzwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ekujuleni kokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlelo zezimpande eziyinhloko zezitshalo (isibonelo, utamatisi namakhukhamba ngokuvamile kuba phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-15 no-30).
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuhambisana okuphakathi: Khetha uhlobo lwenzwa oluhambisana nesisekelo sokulima esiluhlaza okotshani (inhlabathi, i-coconut coir, uboya bedwala, njll.), bese uqinisekisa ukuthi inokuqina okuhle kwesikhathi eside, ukubekezelela usawoti kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa.
V. Umkhuba Ophumelelayo: Icala Elisekelwe Kudatha Lamatamatisi Akhiqiza Kakhulu Nasezingeni Eliphezulu
Iphrojekthi enkulu yokulima utamatisi endaweni yokushisa ingilazi isebenzise ngokuphelele inethiwekhi yezinzwa zokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama. Ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha okuhlelekile, ithimba labaphathi lithole ukuthi:
Imodeli yokuqala yokunisela emini yaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngokweqile lapho izinga lokushisa le-substrate likhuphuka ntambama, futhi izitshalo zabhekana nokucindezeleka kwesikhashana lapho zazidinga amanzi kakhulu emini ukuze zenze imikhiqizo ye-photosynthesis.
2. Ngokulungisa isu lokunisela libe ukugcwaliswa kabusha okunembile ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinzwa ekuseni nakusihlwa, akugcini nje ngokususwa kokucindezeleka kwamanzi emini, kodwa futhi nomswakama womoya ophezulu ngaphakathi kwendlu eluhlaza ngesikhathi sasemini wancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Ngemva kwesizini ephelele yokukhiqiza yokuqinisekisa, le greenhouse ayizange nje izuze ukonga amanzi ngo-35% kodwa futhi yandise umkhiqizo katamatisi ngo-18%, kanti okuqukethwe ushukela kanye nezinga lezithelo zentengiso zezithelo nakho kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wephrojekthi waphetha ngokuthi: “Manje asisathembeli ekuqageleni ukuthi izitshalo ziyawadinga amanzi noma cha, kodwa ‘silalela’ ngqo impendulo yangempela evela ohlelweni lwezimpande.” Izinzwa zisenze sakwazi ukuxhumana okunembile nezitshalo, okuyisihluthulelo sokufeza impumelelo ephindwe kabili ekuvuneni kanye nekhwalithi.
Isiphetho
Endleleni yezolimo zesimanje ezigcina izitshalo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziphishekela isivuno esiphezulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza kahle kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo, ukulawulwa okunembile komhlaba ofihliwe ngaphansi komhlaba - indawo yezimpande - sekubaluleke njengokulawulwa kokukhanya, amanzi, ukushisa nomoya ebusweni. Izinzwa zokushisa komhlabathi kanye nomswakama, njengezintambo ezibucayi ezingena "enkabeni yokuphila" kwezitshalo, ziguqula ngokusobala ukoma nokwaneliseka kwesistimu yezimpande zibe ulimi lwedatha. Kwaqeda ukungaqondakali kanye nokungacabangeli kokunisela futhi kwaqala imodeli entsha yokuphakelwa okunembile okugxile ezidingweni zomzimba zezitshalo zesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kungaphezu nje kokuphindaphinda kwamathuluzi okukhiqiza; kuyinguquko ejulile kwifilosofi yokutshala: kusukela "ekuhlinzekweni okuholwa ngabantu" kuya "empendulweni eqhutshwa yisidingo sezitshalo". Ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile kwe-Intanethi Yezinto kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, lezi "zimpande zedatha" ezigxile kakhulu enhlabathini ngokuqinisekile zizoxhunyaniswa ngokugcwele nesistimu yokulawula imvelo egcina izitshalo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zidwebe ndawonye isithombe esisha sezolimo ezihlakaniphile, ezinekhabhoni ephansi futhi ezisebenzayo esikhathini esizayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-23-2025