Izinzwa zegesi ezingaqhumi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni kwezimboni kulo lonke elase-Kazakhstan. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezicelo zabo zomhlaba wangempela, izinselele, nezisombululo ezweni.
Isimo Sezimboni Nezidingo e-Kazakhstan
I-Kazakhstan ibamba iqhaza elikhulu ezimbonini zikawoyela, igesi, izimayini namakhemikhali. Izindawo zokusebenza kule mikhakha ngokuvamile ziveza ubungozi obuvela kumagesi avuthayo (i-methane, ama-VOC), amagesi anobuthi (i-Hydrogen Sulfide H₂S, i-Carbon Monoxide CO), kanye nokuntuleka komoyampilo. Ngakho-ke, izinzwa zegesi ezingaqhumi ziyimishini eyisibopho yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, ukuvimbela izingozi eziyingozi, nokugcina ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukubaluleka Kwesitifiketi Sobufakazi Bokuqhuma: E-Kazakhstan, okokusebenza kufanele kuthobelane nemithetho yendawo yobuchwepheshe kanye nezitifiketi ezamukelwa kabanzi zamazwe ngamazwe zokuvikela ukuqhuma, okufana namazinga e-ATEX (EU) kanye ne-IECEx (International), ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwazo ezindaweni eziyingozi.
Amacala Ohlelo Lwangempela
Icala 1: Isizinda sikawoyela negesi Esikhuphuka Nomfula - Izinsimbi Zokubhoboza kanye nama-Wellheads
- Indawo: Izizinda ezinkulu zikawoyela negesi njengeTengiz, Kashagan, neKarachaganak.
- Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: Ukuqapha amagesi avuthayo kanye ne-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) kumapulatifomu okumba, imihlangano ye-wellhead, izihlukanisi, neziteshi zokuqoqa.
- Izinselelo:
- Imvelo Eyingozi Kakhulu: Amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha ebusika (angaphansi kuka -30°C), uthuli lwasehlobo/isihlabathi esifuna ukumelana nesimo sezulu esiphezulu ezintweni zokusebenza.
- Ukugxila Okuphezulu kwe-H₂S: Uwoyela ongahluziwe negesi yemvelo emikhakheni eminingi iqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-H₂S enobuthi obukhulu, lapho nokuvuza okuncane kungase kubulale.
- Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo: Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyaqhubeka; noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho, okudinga izinzwa ukuthi zisebenze ngokwethembeka nangokuzinza.
- Izixazululo:
- Ukufakwa kwamasistimu okuthola igesi angaguquki aphephile noma e-Flameproof.
- Izinzwa zisebenzisa isimiso se-Catalytic Bead (LEL) ezintweni ezivuthayo namaseli e-Electrochemical wokuntuleka kwe-H₂S ne-O₂.
- Lezi zinzwa zibekwe ngendlela efanele ezindaweni ezingavuza (isb., eduze namavalvu, ama-flange, ama-compressor).
- Umphumela:
- Uma ukugxilwa kwegesi kufinyelela ezingeni le-alamu elisethiwe ngaphambili, ama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo acushwa ngokushesha egumbini lokulawula.
- Lapho ifinyelela izinga eliphezulu le-alamu, isistimu ingakwazi ukuqalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo zokuvala shaqa izimo eziphuthumayo (ESD), njengamavalvu okuvala, ukuvula umoya, noma ukuvala izinqubo, ukuvimbela imililo, ukuqhuma, noma ubuthi.
- Abasebenzi baphinde bahlonyiswe ngezithungatha zegesi ezingaqhumi ukuze zingene esikhaleni esivalekile kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.
Icala lesi-2: Amapayipi Okudluliswa Kwegesi Yemvelo Neziteshi Zokucindezela
- Indawo: Iziteshi ze-Compressor kanye neziteshi zamavalvu eduze kwamanethiwekhi epayipi e-trans-Kazakhstan (isb, ipayipi leCentral Asia-Center).
- Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: Ukuqapha ukuvuza kwe-methane emahholo e-compressor, ama-skid okulawula, nasemaphayiphini ahlanganayo.
- Izinselelo:
- Ukuvuza Okunzima Ukukubona: Umfutho wepayipi ophezulu usho ukuthi ngisho nokuvuza okuncane kungaba yingozi ngokushesha.
- Iziteshi Ezingenamuntu: Iziteshi eziningi zamavalvu ezikude azinamuntu, zidinga ukuqapha okukude kanye namandla okuzihlola.
- Izixazululo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso sokumuncwa kwe-infrared (IR) izinzwa zegesi evuthayo ezinobufakazi bokuqhuma. Lezi azithintwa umoya-mpilo ongenawo umoya-mpilo futhi ziphila isikhathi eside, okuzenza zilungele igesi yemvelo (ikakhulukazi i-methane).
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa ezinhlelweni ze-SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) zokudlulisa idatha okukude nokuqapha okumaphakathi.
- Umphumela:
- Inika amandla ukuqapha okungu-24/7 kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Igumbi lokulawula eliphakathi lingathola ngokushesha indawo evuzayo futhi lithumele ithimba lokulungisa, linciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuphendula futhi livikele ukuphepha komthambo kazwelonke wamandla.
Icala 3: Imayini Yamalahle - Ukuqapha Igesi Engaphansi Komhlaba
- Indawo: Izimayini zamalahle ezifundeni ezifana neKaraganda.
- Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: Ukuqapha i-firedamp (ikakhulukazi i-methane) nokugxila kwe-carbon monoxide emigwaqweni yasezimayini nasebusweni bokusebenza.
- Izinselelo:
- Ingozi Ephakeme Kakhulu Yokuqhuma: Ukunqwabelana kwe-methane kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuqhuma kwemayini yamalahle.
- Imvelo Enzima: Umswakama ophezulu, uthuli olunzima, kanye nomthelela ongase ube khona wemishini.
- Izixazululo:
- Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinzwa ze-Mining Intrinsically Safe methane, eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zangaphansi komhlaba.
- Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yenzwa eminyene ngokudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela esikhungweni sokuthumela ngaphezulu.
- Umphumela:
- Uma ukugxilwa kwe-methane kweqa umkhawulo ophephile, isistimu inqamula amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo engxenyeni ethintekile bese icupha ama-alamu okuphuma, okuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuqhuma kwe-methane.
- Ukuqapha ngesikhathi esisodwa kwe-carbon monoxide kusiza ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zokuvutha okuzenzakalelayo emithungweni yamalahle.
Icala lesi-4: Izihlungi Zamakhemikhali Nowoyela
- Indawo: Izindawo zokuhlanza nezitshalo zamakhemikhali emadolobheni afana ne-Atyrau ne-Shymkent.
- Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: Ukuqapha amagesi ahlukahlukene avuthayo nobuthi ezindaweni ezisabelayo, amapulazi amathangi, izindawo zokumpompa, nezindawo zokulayisha/zokukhipha.
- Izinselelo:
- Izinhlobonhlobo Ezibanzi Zamagesi: Ngalé kwezinto ezivuthayo ezivamile, amagesi anobuthi athile afana ne-benzene, ammonia, noma i-chlorine angase abekhona.
- I-Corrosive Atmosphere: Izihwamuko ezivela kumakhemikhali athile zingagqwalisa izinzwa.
- Izixazululo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezitholi eziningi zegesi, lapho ikhanda elilodwa lingaqapha amagesi avuthayo kanye namagesi anobuthi angu-1-2 kanyekanye.
- Ihlomisa izinzwa ngezindlu ezingangenwa uthuli/ezingangeni manzi (ezilinganiselwe nge-IP) nezihlungi ezimelana nokugqwala.
- Umphumela:
- Ihlinzeka ngokuqapha okuphelele kokuphepha kwegesi kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuvikela abasebenzi bemishini nemiphakathi ezungezile, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha yezimboni yase-Kazakhstan kanye nemvelo.
Isifinyezo
E-Kazakhstan, izinzwa zegesi ezingaqhumi zikude nezinsimbi ezijwayelekile; "ziyindlela yokuphila" yokuphepha kwezimboni. Izicelo zabo zomhlaba wangempela zingena kuwo wonke amagumbi ezimboni zamandla nezinzima, ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwezisebenzi, ukuvikelwa kwempahla eyizigidigidi zamadola, kanye nokuzinza kwezomnotho wezwe.
Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, izinzwa ezinekhono elihlakaniphile, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ubude besikhathi sempilo, kanye nokuzihlola okuthuthukisiwe sekuyinto entsha kuwo womabili amaphrojekthi amasha kanye nokuthuthukiswa e-Kazakhstan, okuqhubeka nokuqinisa isisekelo sokukhiqiza okuphephile kulesi sizwe esicebile ngezinsiza.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-30-2025