Izinselele Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi eVietnam kanye Nokwethulwa Kwezinhlelo Zokuhlanza Ezizihlanzayo
Njengezwe elicebile ngamanzi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elinogwini olungamakhilomitha angu-3,260 kanye nenethiwekhi yemifula eminyene, iVietnam ibhekene nezinselele zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ezihlukile. Izinhlelo ze-buoy zendabuko endaweni eshisayo yaseVietnam enokushisa okuphezulu, umswakama, kanye nokungcoliswa okukhulu kwe-biofouling zivame ukubhekana nokungcoliswa kwezinzwa kanye nokuzulazula kwedatha, okubeka engcupheni kakhulu ukunemba kokuqapha. Ikakhulukazi eMekong Delta, izinto eziqinile ezilengayo kakhulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo kudinga ukulungiswa ngesandla njalo emavikini ama-2-3 ama-buoy avamile, okuholela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphezulu kanye nedatha eqhubekayo engathembekile.
Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, iziphathimandla zemithombo yamanzi zaseVietnam zethule izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezizihlanzayo ngo-2023, zihlanganisa ukuhlanza amabhulashi okwenziwa ngomshini kanye nobuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic ukuze kususwe ngokuzenzakalelayo i-biofilm kanye nama-deposit ezindaweni zezinzwa. Imininingwane evela kuMnyango Wemithombo Yamanzi waseHo Chi Minh City ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zandise izikhawu zokulungisa kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20 kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-90-120 ngenkathi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwedatha kusukela ku-<60% kuya ku->95%, kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza cishe ngo-65%. Lokhu kuphumelela kunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukiseni inethiwekhi yokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi kazwelonke yaseVietnam.
Izimiso Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nomklamo Omusha Wezinhlelo Zokuzihlanza
Izinhlelo ze-buoy ezizihlanzayo zaseVietnam zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obunezindlela eziningi obuhlanganisa izindlela ezintathu ezihambisanayo:
- Ukuhlanza ibhulashi ngomshini ojikelezayo: Kusebenza njalo emahoreni ayi-6 kusetshenziswa amabristle e-silicone asezingeni lokudla ahlose ngqo ukungcolisa ulwelwesi emafasiteleni abonakalayo;
- Ukuhlanzwa kwe-cavitation ye-Ultrasonic: I-ultrasound evame kakhulu (40kHz) eqaliswa kabili ngosuku isusa i-biofilm eqinile ngokuqhuma kwe-micro-bubble;
- Ukugqoka okuvinjelwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukugqoka okune-titanium dioxide ene-photocatalytic okulinganiselwe ngesilinganiso esincane kuqhubeka nokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga.
Lo mklamo wokuvikela kathathu uqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kuzo zonke izindawo zamanzi ezahlukahlukene zaseVietnam - kusukela ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi eMfuleni iRed River kuya ezindaweni ezigcwele amanzi eMekong. Ukuqamba okusha okuyinhloko kohlelo kusekukwazini kwalo ukuzimela kwamandla ngokusebenzisa amandla ahlanganisiwe (amaphaneli elanga angu-120W + ijeneretha yamanzi engu-50W), okugcina ukusebenza kokuhlanza ngisho nangezikhathi zemvula lapho ilanga lilinganiselwe.
Icala Lokubhikisha eMekong Delta
Njengesifunda esibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo nakwezolimo zasemanzini eVietnam, ikhwalithi yamanzi eMekong Delta ithinta ngqo izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingama-20 kanye nomnotho wesifunda. Phakathi kuka-2023-2024, uMnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi waseVietnam wethule izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi ezingama-28 lapha, wasungula inethiwekhi yokuxwayisa ngekhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela enemiphumela emangalisayo.
Ukuqaliswa kweCan Tho City kubonakale kumelela kakhulu. Njengoba kufakwe esisekelweni esikhulu saseMekong, uhlelo luqapha umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe (DO), i-pH, i-turbidity, i-conductivity, i-chlorophyll-a kanye nezinye izilinganiso ezibalulekile. Idatha yangemva kokusetshenziswa iqinisekisile ukuthi ukuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile okuqhubekayo:
- Ukuzulazula kwenzwa ye-DO kwehle kusuka ku-0.8 mg/L/ngenyanga kuya ku-0.1 mg/L;
- ukuzinza kokufunda i-pH kuthuthukiswe ngo-40%;
- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-biofouling ye-optical turbidimeter kuncishiswe ngo-90%.
NgoMashi 2024, uhlelo lwaxwayisa ngempumelelo iziphathimandla ngesigameko sokukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini ngokutholwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokwehla kwe-pH (7.2→5.8) kanye nokuphahlazeka kwe-DO (6.4→2.1 mg/L). Izinhlangano zemvelo zathola futhi zabhekana nomthombo wokungcola zingakapheli amahora amabili, zivimbela ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi eziningi okungenzeka. Leli cala libonisa ukubaluleka kohlelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kwedatha kanye nekhono lokuphendula ezigamekweni.
Izinselele Zokusebenza kanye Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo
Naphezu kokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ukwamukelwa ezweni lonke kubhekene nezingqinamba eziningana:
- Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu: i-VND eyizigidi eziyi-150-200 (6,400-8,500 USD) ngohlelo ngalunye – izindleko ze-buoy ezivamile eziphindwe kathathu kuya kane;
- Izidingo zokuqeqesha: Abasebenzi basensimini badinga amakhono amasha okulungisa uhlelo kanye nokuhlaziya idatha;
- Imikhawulo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo: Kudinga ukulungiswa komklamo ukuze kutholakale ukungcoliswa okukhulu (NTU>1000 ngesikhathi sezikhukhula) noma imisinga enamandla.
Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo izogxila ku:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwendawo: Izinkampani zaseVietnam ezisebenzisana nabalingani baseJapan/baseKorea zihlose ukuthola okuqukethwe kwasekhaya okungaphezulu kuka-50% kungakapheli iminyaka emi-3, zinciphise izindleko ngo-30% nangaphezulu;
- Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile: Ukuhlanganisa amakhamera e-AI ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo zokungcola nokulungisa amasu okuhlanza (isb., ukwandisa imvamisa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-algae);
- Ukuthuthukisa amandla: Ukuthuthukisa imishini yokuvuna amandla esebenza kahle kakhulu (isib. ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukugeleza) ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika elangeni;
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha: Ukuhlanganiswa nokuqapha kwesathelayithi/amadrone ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yamanzi “emkhathini-emoyeni-emhlabathini” okuhlanganisiwe.
UMnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi waseVietnam ulindele ukuthi ama-buoy azihlanzayo amboze u-60% wezindawo zokuqapha zikazwelonke ngo-2026, akha ingqalasizinda eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi zekhwalithi yamanzi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amandla okuphathwa kwamanzi aseVietnam kodwa futhi inikeza izixazululo ezingaphindaphindeka komakhelwane baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zande ziye ekulimeni kwezinhlanzi, ukuqapha ukungcola kwezimboni kanye neminye imikhakha yezentengiselwano, okukhiqiza inani elikhulu kwezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-25-2025