Izicelo Ezisebenzayo kanye Nemithelela Yokuzihlanza Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi Amasistimu we-Buoy eVietnam

Izinselele Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi eVietnam kanye Nokwethulwa Kwezinhlelo Ze-Buoy Zokuzihlanza

Njengezwe elicebe ngamanzi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elinamakhilomitha angu-3,260 ogwini namanethiwekhi emifula aminyene, iVietnam ibhekene nezinselelo eziyingqayizivele zokuqapha izinga lamanzi. Amasistimu e-buoy endabuko endaweni eshisayo yase-Vietnam enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, umswakama, kanye ne-biofouling eqinile ngokuvamile ahlangabezana nokungcoliswa kwezinzwa nokudonswa kwedatha, okufaka engozini kakhulu ukunemba kokuqapha. E-Mekong Delta ikakhulukazi, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe eziphakeme kanye nokuqukethwe kwemvelo kudinga ukunakekelwa okwenziwa ngesandla njalo emavikini angu-2-3 ama-buoy avamile, okuholela ezindlekweni zokusebenza eziphezulu kanye nedatha eqhubekayo engathembeki.

Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, iziphathimandla zemithombo yamanzi zaseVietnam zethula izinhlelo zokuzihlanza ngomshini wokuzihlanza ngo-2023, ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwebhulashi ngomshini kanye nobuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic ukuze kukhishwe ngokuzenzakalelayo i-biofilm kanye namadiphozithi endaweni yezinzwa. Idatha evela eMnyangweni Wezinsiza Zamanzi EDolobheni lase-Ho Chi Minh ibonisa lezi zinhlelo zezikhathi zokulondoloza ezinwetshiwe kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20 kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-90-120 kuyilapho kuthuthukiswa ukufaneleka kwedatha kusuka ku-<60% kuya ku-95%, kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza cishe ngama-65%. Lokhu kuphumelela kunikeza ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inethiwekhi kazwelonke yokuqapha izinga lamanzi eVietnam.

Izimiso zobuchwepheshe kanye Nomklamo Omusha Wezinhlelo Zokuzihlanza

Izinhlelo zaseVietnam ezizihlanzayo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obusebenzisa izindlela eziningi obuhlanganisa izindlela ezintathu ezihambisanayo:

1. Ukuhlanza ibhulashi komshini okujikelezayo: Yenza kusebenze njalo emahoreni angu-6 kusetshenziswa ama-silicone bristles ebanga lokudla aqondise ngokuqondile ukungcoliswa kwe-algal kumafasitela abonakalayo;
2. I-ultrasonic cavitation yokuhlanza: I-high-frequency ultrasound (40kHz) iqala kabili nsuku zonke isusa i-biofilm enenkani ngokusebenzisa i-micro-bubble implosion;
3. I-Chemical inhibition coating: I-Nano-scale titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating icindezela ngokuqhubekayo ukukhula kwe-microbial ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga.

Lo mklamo ovikela kathathu uqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlukene zamanzi zase-Vietnam - kusukela ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula eziphezulu zomfula i-Red River kuya ezindaweni ezivundile zaseMekong. Ukuqamba okusha okuyinhloko kwalolu hlelo kusekukwazi ukwanelisa amandla alo ngokusebenzisa amandla ayingxube (amaphaneli elanga angu-120W + 50W hydro generator), ukugcina ukusebenza kokuhlanza ngisho nangezikhathi zezimvula ezinokukhanya kwelanga okulinganiselwe.

Ikesi lokubonisa e-Mekong Delta

Njengesifunda saseVietnam esibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo nezasemanzini, ikhwalithi yamanzi yaseMekong Delta ithinta ngqo izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-20 kanye neminotho yesifunda. Phakathi kuka-2023-2024, uMnyango Wezamanzi wase-Vietnam wathumela amasistimu wokuzihlanza angama-28 lapha, asungula inethiwekhi yesikhathi sangempela yesexwayiso ngekhwalithi yamanzi enemiphumela emangalisayo.

Ukuqaliswa kweCan Tho City kubonakale kumelele ngokukhethekile. Kufakwe ku-mainstem ye-Mekong, isistimu iqapha umoya-mpilo (i-DO), i-pH, i-turbidity, i-conductivity, i-chlorophyll-a namanye amapharamitha abalulekile. Idatha yangemuva kokuthunyelwa iqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlanzwa okuzenzakalelayo kugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile:

• Inzwa ye-DO drift yehle isuka ku-0.8 mg/L/inyanga yaya ku-0.1 mg/L;
• Ukuzinza kokufunda kwe-pH kwenziwe ngcono ngama-40%;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Optical turbidimeter biofouling kwehliswe ngo-90%.

NgoMashi 2024, uhlelo lwazisa ngempumelelo iziphathimandla ngesigameko sokuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile embonini akhuphuka nomfula ngokutholwa kwesikhathi sangempela sokwehla kwe-pH (7.2→5.8) kanye nokuphahlazeka kwe-DO (6.4→2.1 mg/L). Ama-ejensi emvelo atholakala futhi abhekana nomthombo wokungcola phakathi namahora amabili, ukuvimbela ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi eziningi okungenzeka. Leli cala libonisa inani lesistimu ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kwedatha nekhono lokuphendula isigameko.

Izinselelo Zokusebenzisa kanye ne-Future Outlook

Naphezu kokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ukutholwa ezweni lonke kubhekene nezithiyo ezimbalwa:

• Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu: 150-200 million VND (6,400-8,500 USD) ngesistimu ngayinye - 3-4x izindleko ezivamile ze-buoy;
• Izidingo zokuqeqeshwa: Abasebenzi basensimini badinga amakhono amasha okulungisa uhlelo nokuhlaziya idatha;
• Imikhawulo yokujwayela: Idinga ukuthuthukiswa kwedizayini ku-turbidity eyedlulele (NTU>1000 phakathi nezikhukhula) noma amaza anamandla.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwekusasa kuzogxila kulokhu:

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwendawo: Amafemu ase-Vietnamese abambisana nozakwethu baseJapane/baseKorea bahlose >50% okuqukethwe kwasekhaya phakathi neminyaka engu-3, behlisa izindleko ngo-30%+;
2. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile: Ukuhlanganisa amakhamera e-AI ukuze ahlonze izinhlobo zokungcola futhi alungise amasu okuhlanza (isb., ukwandisa imvamisa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-algal);
3. Ukuthuthukisa amandla: Ukuthuthukisa izivuni zamandla ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (isb., ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukugeleza) ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika elanga;
4. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha: Ukuhlanganisa nokuqapha kwesathelayithi/i-drone ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lamanzi “esikhala somoya-phansi” okuhlanganisiwe.

Umnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi wase-Vietnam ulindele ukuthi ama-buoy azihlanzayo azovala u-60% wezindawo zokuqapha kuzwelonke ngo-2026, enze ingqalasizinda eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusengaphambili ngekhwalithi yamanzi. Le ndlela yokuphatha ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amandla okuphatha amanzi eVietnam kodwa futhi inikeza izixazululo eziphindaphindekayo komakhelwane baseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo. Ngokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani kanye nezindleko ezinciphayo, izicelo zinganwetshwa ziye kwezolimo zasemanzini, ukuqapha ukungcola kwezimboni kanye neminye imikhakha yezohwebo, okukhiqiza inani elikhulu lenhlalo-mnotho.

Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene

1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi

2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi

3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi

4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwenzwa yamanzi,

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