Izici Zenkathi Yemvula Ye-Plum kanye Nezidingo Zokuqapha Imvula
I-plum rain (Meiyu) isenzakalo semvula esiyingqayizivele esakheka ngesikhathi sokuqhubekela phambili enyakatho kwemvula yasehlobo yase-East Asia, ethinta kakhulu umfula wase-China i-Yangtze River, i-Honshu Island yase-Japan, naseNingizimu Korea. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke lase-China elithi “Meiyu Monitoring Indicators” (GB/T 33671-2017), izifunda zemvula yase-China zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezintathu: i-Jiangnan (I), i-Middle-Lower Yangtze (II), kanye ne-Jianghuai (III), ngayinye enezinsuku ezihlukene zokuqala—indawo yase-Jiangnan ngesizini ka-Juni 9 ngokuvamile ingena ngo-Juni 9 I-Yangtze ngoJuni 14, kanye ne-Jianghuai ngoJuni 23. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-spatiotemporal kudala isidingo sokuqapha imvula ebanzi, eqhubekayo, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba abanzi okufaka isicelo amageji emvula.
Isizini yemvula ka-2025 ibonise ukuthambekela kokuqala—izifunda zaseJiangnan naseMiddle-Lower Yangtze zangena eMeiyu ngoJuni 7 (izinsuku ezingu-2-7 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivamile), kuyilapho isifunda saseJianghuai saqala ngoJuni 19 (izinsuku ezi-4 ngaphambi kwesikhathi). Lokhu kufika kusenesikhathi kwandisa ukuphuthuma kokuvimbela izikhukhula. Imvula ye-plum ihlanganisa ubude besikhathi eside, ukuqina okuphezulu, nokumboza okubanzi—isibonelo, imvula yango-2024's Middle-Lower Yangtze yeqe izilinganiso zomlando ezingaphezu kuka-50%, ezinye izindawo ezihlangabezana “ne-Meiyu enodlame” ebangela izikhukhula ezinamandla. Kulo mongo, ukuqapha ukuna kwemvula okunembile kuba yisisekelo sokuthatha izinqumo zokulawulwa kwezikhukhula.
Ukubuka kwemvula okuvamile kunemikhawulo ebalulekile: imvamisa yokulinganisa ephansi (imvamisa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku), ukudluliswa kwedatha okuhamba kancane, kanye nokungakwazi ukuthwebula imvula enkulu yesikhathi esifushane. Izikali zemvula ezizenzakalelayo zesimanje zisebenzisa ibhakede lokuthipha noma izimiso zokukala zinika amandla ukuqapha umzuzu nomzuzu noma isekhondi nesekhondi, ngokudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela okungenantambo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwesikhathi nokunemba. Isibonelo, isistimu ye-tipping-bucket gauge rain e-Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir e-Zhejiang ilayisha ngokuqondile idatha kuzingxenyekazi zesifundazwe ze-hydrological, okufezekisa ukuqapha kwemvula "okulula futhi okuphumelelayo".
Izinselelo ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa: ukugcinwa kunembile ngesikhathi semvula enkulu (isb., u-660mm ezinsukwini ezi-3 e-Hubei's Taiping Town ngo-2025—1/3 wemvula yonyaka); ukwethembeka kwemishini ezindaweni ezinomswakama; kanye nokubekwa kwesiteshi esimele endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Amageji emvula esimanje abhekana nalokhu ngezinto zokunqanda ukugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, ukuphindaphindeka kwamabhakede amabili, namandla elanga. Amanethiwekhi aminyene anikwe amandla i-IoT njengohlelo lwe-Zhejiang “Digital Levee” lubuyekeza idatha yemvula njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 eziteshini eziyi-11.
Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandisa isimo sezulu saseMeiyu—imvula ka-2020 Meiyu ibingu-120% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso (iphezulu kunawo wonke kusukela ngo-1961), ifuna amageji emvula anezilinganiso ezibanzi, ukumelana nomthelela, kanye nokudluliselwa okuthembekile. Idatha ye-Meiyu iphinde isekele ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu, yazisa amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo zesikhathi eside.
Izicelo Ezintsha e-China
I-China isungule izinhlelo ezibanzi zokuqapha imvula kusukela ekubonweni okujwayelekile kwezandla kuya ezixazululweni ezihlakaniphile ze-IoT, namageji emvula aguquka abe izindawo ezibalulekile zamanethiwekhi okusebenza kwamanzi ahlakaniphile.
Amanethiwekhi Okulawula Izikhukhula Edijithali
Uhlelo lwe-“Digital Levee” lweSifunda sase-Xiuzhou luyisibonelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanjemanje. Ihlanganisa ama-gauge emvula nezinye izinzwa ze-hydrological, ilayisha idatha njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 endaweni yokuphatha. "Phambilini, besilinganisela imvula mathupha sisebenzisa amasilinda aqeqeshiwe—angasebenzi kahle futhi ayingozi ebusuku. Manje, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zinikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela yendawo yonke," kusho u-Jiang Jianming, Isekela Lomqondisi Wehhovisi LezoLimo Ledolobha Lase-Wangdian. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile ezinyathelweni ezisebenzayo njengokuhlola i-dike, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela kwezikhukhula ngaphezu kuka-50%.
EDolobheni lase-Tongxiang, uhlelo lwe-“Smart Waterlogging Control” luhlanganisa idatha evela eziteshini ze-telemetry ezingama-34 nezibikezelo zezinga lamanzi zamahora angu-72 ezinikwe amandla yi-AI. Ngesizini ka-Meiyu ka-2024, ikhiphe imibiko yemvula engama-23, izexwayiso zezikhukhula ezi-5, kanye nezixwayiso zokugeleza okuphezulu oku-2, okubonisa indima ebalulekile ye-hydrology “njengamehlo nezindlebe” zokulawula izikhukhula. Idatha yegeji yemvula yezinga lomzuzu ihambisana nokubonwa kwe-radar/satellite, kwakha uhlaka lokuqapha olunezinhlangothi eziningi.
I-Reservoir kanye nezicelo zezoLimo
Ekulawulweni kwemithombo yamanzi, iSanduxi Reservoir yaseYongkang isebenzisa izikali ezizenzakalelayo emagatsheni angu-8 emisele kanye nezilinganiso ezenziwa ngesandla ukuze kulungiselelwe ukunisela. "Ukuhlanganisa izindlela kuqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwamanzi okunengqondo ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo," kuchaza umphathi u-Lou Qinghua. Idatha yemvula yazisa ngokuqondile ukuhlela kokunisela kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-Meiyu ka-2025, i-Water Sciences Institute yase-Hubei yasebenzisa isistimu yokubikezela izikhukhula yesikhathi sangempela ehlanganisa ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu samahora angu-24/72 nedatha yedamu. Icupha ukulingisa kweziphepho ezingu-26 nokusekela imihlangano emi-5 yezimo eziphuthumayo, ukwethembeka kwesistimu kuncike ezilinganisweni ezinembile zegeji yemvula.
Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe
Amageji emvula esimanje ahlanganisa izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile:
- Ukulinganisa Okuxubile: Ukuhlanganisa ibhakede lethiphu nezimiso zokukala ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba kuwo wonke amandla (0.1-300mm/h), kubhekwana nemvula eguquguqukayo yaseMeiyu.
- Imiklamo Yokuzihlanza: Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic kanye nezingubo ze-hydrophobic zivimbela ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu-okubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuna kwe-Meiyu okukhulu. I-Oki Electric yase-Japan ibika ukuncishiswa kokulungisa okungu-90% ngamasistimu anjalo.
- I-Edge Computing: Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okukudivayisi kuhlunga umsindo futhi kuhlonze izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu endaweni, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka ngisho noma kunokuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwepharamitha Eningi: Iziteshi eziyinhlanganisela zaseNingizimu Korea zikala imvula eduze komswakamo/izinga lokushisa, ezithuthukisa ukubikezela kokudilika komhlaba okuhlobene ne-Meiyu.
Izinselele kanye Neziqondiso Zesikhathi esizayo
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili, imikhawulo iyaqhubeka:
- Izimo Ezithuthuke kakhulu: “I-Meiyu enodlame” yango-2024 e-Anhui ilayishe umthamo ongu-300mm/h wamageji athile
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwedatha: Amasistimu ahlukene avimbela ukubikezela kwezikhukhula ezindaweni ezahlukene
- Ukutholakala Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya: Izindawo ezikude nezintaba azinazo izindawo zokuqapha ezanele
Izixazululo ezivelayo zifaka:
- I-Drone-Deployed Mobile Gauges: I-MWR yaseChina ihlole ama-UAV-cariged gauges ukuze afakwe ngokushesha phakathi nezikhukhula zango-2025
- Ukuqinisekiswa kweBlockchain: Amaphrojekthi okulinga e-Zhejiang aqinisekisa ukungaguquki kwedatha ezinqumweni ezibalulekile
- I-AI-Powered Forecasting: Imodeli entsha yase-Shanghai yehlisa ama-alamu amanga ngo-40% ngokufunda ngomshini
Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuqinisa ukuhlukahluka kwe-Meiyu, ama-gauge esizukulwane esilandelayo azodinga:
- Ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe (ukuvimbela amanzi kwe-IP68, -30°C~70°C ukusebenza)
- Ibanga lokulinganisa elibanzi (0~500mm/h)
- Ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile namanethiwekhi e-IoT/5G
Njengoba uMqondisi uJiang ephawula: “Okwaqala njengokukala imvula okulula kuye kwaba yisisekelo sokubusa kwamanzi ngokuhlakanipha.” Kusukela ekulawulweni kwezikhukhula kuya ocwaningweni lwesimo sezulu, amageji emvula ahlala engamathuluzi abalulekile okumelana nezindawo ezinemvula yamapulangwe.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-25-2025