Isendlalelo Sokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Nezidingo Zokulawula I-Chlorine eVietnam
Njengezwe elithuthuka ngokushesha kwezimboni kanye nelasemadolobheni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iVietnam ibhekene nezingcindezi ezimbili ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi. Izibalo zibonisa cishe u-60% wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nama-40% amanzi angaphezulu eVietnam angcoliswe ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, nokungcoliswa kwe-microbial namakhemikhali kuyizinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu. Ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi, i-chlorine esele - njengengxenye esele ye-chlorine esebenzayo evela ekubulaweni amagciwane - idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwamanzi. I-chlorine eyinsalela enganele yehluleka ngokuqhubekayo ukuqeda amagciwane emapayipini, kuyilapho amazinga eqile angakhiqiza imikhiqizo ephuma ku-carcinogenic disinfection. I-WHO incoma ukuthi kugcinwe ukugxiliswa kwe-chlorine okuyinsalela phakathi kuka-0.2-0.5mg/L emanzini okuphuza, kuyilapho izinga lase-Vietnam le-QCVN 01:2009/BYT lidinga ubuncane obungu-0.3mg/L ezindaweni zokugcina zamapayipi.
Ingqalasizinda yamanzi yaseVietnam ikhombisa umehluko omkhulu wasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni. Izindawo zasemadolobheni njenge-Hanoi ne-Ho Chi Minh City zinezinhlelo zokuphakela eziphelele kodwa zibhekene nezinselelo zamapayipi agugile kanye nokungcoliswa kwesibili. Cishe u-25% wabantu basemakhaya abasawatholi amanzi okuphuza aphephile, abathembele kakhulu emanzini angaphathwa kahle noma angaphezulu kwamanzi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okungalingani kudala izidingo ezihlukene zobuchwepheshe bokuqapha i-chlorine - izindawo zasemadolobheni zidinga ukunemba okuphezulu, izinhlelo ze-inthanethi zesikhathi sangempela kuyilapho izifunda zasemaphandleni zibeka phambili ukuphumelela kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kalula.
Izindlela zokuqapha zendabuko zihlangabezana nezithiyo eziningi zokuqalisa eVietnam:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwaselabhorethri kudinga amahora angama-4-6 ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe
- Ukuthatha amasampula okwenziwa ngesandla kuvinjelwa indawo emide yaseVietnam kanye nezinhlelo zemifula eziyinkimbinkimbi
- Idatha enqanyuliwe yehluleka ukunikeza imininingwane eqhubekayo yokulungiswa kwenqubo
Le mikhawulo ibonakale ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo njengesigameko sokuvuza kwe-chlorine sango-2023 epaki yezimboni esifundazweni sase-Dong Nai.
Ubuchwepheshe benzwa ye-chlorine eyinsalela bunikeza izixazululo ezintsha zokuqapha amanzi eVietnam. Izinzwa zesimanje zisebenzisa izimiso ze-electrochemical (i-polarography, i-voltage engaguquki) noma izimiso zokubona (i-DPD colorimetry) ukuze zilinganise ngokuqondile i-chlorine yamahhala nephelele, zidlulise idatha yesikhathi sangempela ngoxhumo olunezintambo noma olwentambo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko, lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza impendulo esheshayo (<30 amasekhondi), ukunemba okuphezulu (±0.02mg/L), kanye nokunakekelwa okuphansi - okufanele ikakhulukazi isimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Vietnam kanye nezidingo zokuqapha ezihlukaniselwe izindawo.
Izinyathelo zaseVietnam “zeDolobha Elihlakaniphile” kanye nohlelo lukazwelonke “lwaManzi Ahlanzekile” lunikeza ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo yokwamukelwa kwezinzwa ze-chlorine. Ngo-2024I-Vietnam Residual Chlorine Analyzer Industry Report and Investment Research Reportikhombisa izinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuqapha emadolobheni amakhulu, ukubeka phambili imishini yokuqapha i-chlorine eku-inthanethi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uMnyango Wezempilo ukhuphule imvamisa yokuqapha edingekayo kusukela nyanga zonke kuya nsuku zonke ezindaweni ezibucayi, okuqhubekisela phambili isidingo sokushayela sobuchwepheshe besikhathi sangempela.
Ithebula: Imikhawulo Ye-Chlorine Esalela Emazingeni Ekhwalithi Yamanzi YaseVietnam
| Uhlobo Lwamanzi | Okujwayelekile | Umkhawulo We-Chlorine(mg/L) | Monitoring Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amanzi Okuphuza Kamasipala | I-QCVN 01:2009/BYT | ≥0.3 (iphoyinti lokugcina) | Nsuku zonke (amaphuzu abalulekile) |
| Amanzi Asebhodleleni | I-QCVN 6-1:2010/BYT | ≤0.3 | Ngeqoqo ngalinye |
| Indawo yokubhukuda | I-QCVN 02:2009/BYT | 1.0-3.0 | Njalo ngamahora ama-2 |
| Amanzi Angcolile Esibhedlela | I-QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT | ≤1.0 | Okuqhubekayo |
| Ukupholisa Kwezimboni | Amazinga Emboni | 0.5-2.0 | Kuncike kwinqubo |
Imakethe yezinzwa zase-Vietnamese ibonisa ukuhlalisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ngemikhiqizo ephambili efana ne-LAR yaseJalimane ne-HACH yase-America ebusa amasegimenti asezingeni eliphezulu kuyilapho abakhiqizi base-China abafana ne-Xi'an Yinrun (ERUN) ne-Shenzhen AMT bezuza isabelo semakethe ngamanani ancintisanayo. Ngokuphawulekayo, izinkampani zaseVietnam zingena ekukhiqizeni izinzwa ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwano bobuchwepheshe, njengezinzwa ezibiza izindleko eziphansi zefemu yase-Hanoi ezivivinywe ngempumelelo kumaphrojekthi wamanzi ezikole zasemakhaya.
Ukutholwa kwendawo kubhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa zokujwayela:
- Umswakama weTropical othinta izinto zikagesi
- I-turbidity ephezulu ethinta ukunemba kokubona
- Ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni zasemakhaya
Abakhiqizi baphendule ngokuvikelwa kwe-IP68, ukuhlanzwa okuzenzakalelayo, nezinketho zamandla elanga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka ezimeni ezifunwa kakhulu zase-Vietnam.
Izimiso zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo eziqondile zaseVietnam
Izinzwa ze-chlorine eyinsalela zisebenzisa izindlela ezintathu zokubona eziyinhloko e-Vietnam, ngayinye ifanele izindawo ezihlukene nezindlela zokusebenza.
Izinzwa ze-Polarographic, ezifanekiselwa yi-ERUN-SZ1S-A-K6, zibusa ukufakwa kukamasipala nezimboni. Lezi zikala ukuhluka kwamanje phakathi kwama-electrode asebenzayo kanye nereferensi (imvamisa amasistimu ama-electrode egolide), anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu (±1%FS) kanye nokusabela okusheshayo (<30s). Embonini Yamanzi yaseHo Chi Minh City No.3, imiphumela ye-polarographic ibonise ukuhambisana okungama-98% nezindinganiso ze-DPD zaselabhorethri. Izindlela zokuhlanza ezizenzakalelayo ezihlanganisiwe (amasistimu ebhulashi) zinweba izikhawu zokulungisa zibe yizinyanga ezi-2-3 – okubalulekile emanzini aseVietnam anothile ngolwelwe.
Izinzwa zamandla kagesi eziqhubekayo (isb., izinhlelo ze-LAR) zihamba phambili ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi angcolile ayinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusebenzisa amandla angaguquki kanye nomphumela wamanje wokulinganisa, bakhombisa ukumelana nokuphazamiseka okuphakeme kuma-sulfide nama-manganese - abaluleke kakhulu emanzini asindayo aseningizimu yeVietnam. Imboni yamanzi angcolile yezimboni iCan Tho AKIZ isebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe eduze nezinhlelo ze-NitriTox ukugcina i-chlorine engcolile iku-0.5-1.0mg/L.
Izinzwa ze-Optical colorimetric ezifana ne-Blueview's ZS4 zinikeza izidingo zamapharamitha amaningi anesabelomali. Nakuba ihamba kancane (imizuzu emi-2-5), umthamo wayo osuselwa ku-DPD wamapharamitha amaningi (i-pH/turbidity ngasikhathi sinye) wehlisa izindleko zezinsiza zesifundazwe. Ukuthuthuka kwe-Microfluidic kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ngo-90%, kwehlise imithwalo yokulungisa.
Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene
1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi
2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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