Isizinda Sokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi kanye Nezinselele Zokungcola Kwe-Ammonium eMalaysia
Njengesizwe esibalulekile sezolimo nezimboni eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iMalaysia ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, kanti ukungcoliswa kwe-ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) kuvela njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuphepha kwamanzi. Ngokuthuthuka kwamaphrojekthi ezemvelo kazwelonke njengohlelo lwe-“River of Life” lwaseMalaysia, ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-ammonium ion buye basetshenziswa kabanzi ezweni lonke, kwakha izimo zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu kusukela ekuvuselelweni kwemifula yasemadolobheni kuya ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi kwezolimo.
IMalaysia inemithombo yamanzi eminingi, okuhlanganisa imifula eminingi, amachibi, kanye nemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba esebenza njengamanzi okuphuza ezigidini ngenkathi isekela ukunisela kwezolimo, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kwamadolobha okusheshayo kanye nentuthuko yezolimo kubeke ingcindezi enkulu endaweni yamanzi yaseMalaysia, kanti ukungcola kwe-ammonium kuba ngenye yezinkinga ezivelele kakhulu. Ama-ion e-ammonium aqala kakhulu ekugelezeni kukamanyolo wezolimo, indle yasekhaya, kanye namanzi angcolile ezimboni. Ukugxila ngokweqile akugcini nje ngokubangela ukuntuleka kwamanzi kodwa futhi kubeka izingozi empilweni ngokuguqulwa kube ama-nitrites nama-nitrate, ikakhulukazi okwandisa ingozi ye-methemoglobinemia yezinsana (i-blue baby syndrome).
Idatha evela kuMnyango Wezemvelo waseMalaysia ikhombisa ukuthi amazinga e-ammonium emifuleni eminingi emikhulu adlule umkhawulo wesaziso ongu-0.3mg/L. UMfula iKlang—“umfula ongunina” waseKuala Lumpur—uhlala ukhombisa amazinga e-ammonium angaphansi komfudlana angu-2-3mg/L, adlula kakhulu amazinga amanzi okuphuza e-WHO. Lokhu kubi kakhulu ezindaweni zezolimo zaseSelangor kanye nasezindaweni zezimboni zasePenang, lapho ukungcola kwe-ammonium kube yisithiyo sentuthuko esimeme.
Izindlela zokuqapha zendabuko zibhekene nemikhawulo eminingi eMalaysia:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri kuthatha amahora angama-24-48, akukwazi ukukhombisa izinguquko zesikhathi sangempela
- Ukuthatha amasampula ngesandla kuyaphikisana nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zaseMalaysia
- Idatha ehlukanisiwe kuzo zonke izikhungo ayinabo ukuphathwa okuhlangene
Lezi zici zivimbela izimpendulo ezisebenzayo ezinseleleni zokungcoliswa kwe-ammonium.
Izimiso Zobuchwepheshe Zezinzwa Ze-Ammonium Nokufaneleka Kwazo EMalaysia
Izinzwa zesimanje ze-ammonium ezisetshenziswa eMalaysia zisebenzisa izindlela ezintathu zokuthola, ngayinye inezinzuzo ezihlukile zezimo ezahlukene zokuqapha:
- Ubuchwepheshe be-Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE)
- Esetshenziswa kakhulu eMalaysia
- Ilinganisa izinguquko ezingaba khona kulo lonke ulwelwesi oluzwela i-ammonium
- Izinzuzo: Isakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, impendulo esheshayo (
- Isibonelo: Izinzwa ze-ISE ezithuthukisiwe ze-Xianhe Environmental kuphrojekthi yoMfula iKlang zithola ukunemba okungu-±0.05mg/L ngesinxephezelo sokushisa kanye nezingubo zokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka
- Ubuchwepheshe be-Optical Fluorescence
- Ithola izinguquko ze-fluorescence ezivela kudayi ezisebenza nge-ammonium
- Ayithinteki umbala wamanzi/ukungcola
- Kudingeka ukulinganisa okuncane
- Isibonelo: Izinhlelo zokuqapha zeselula ze-MIC-騰晖 Telecom zihlanganisa lokhu namandla elanga kanye ne-NB-IoT ezindaweni ezikude.
- Ubuchwepheshe be-Colorimetric
- Ilinganisa izinguquko zombala ezivela ekuphenduleni kwe-ammonium-indicator
- Impendulo ephuzayo (imizuzu eyi-15-30) kodwa ekhetha kakhulu
- Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo
- Isibonelo: Ukuqapha ukunisela ngokunemba kwe-MARDI
- Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-23-2025