Njengesizwe esihlala ezindaweni eziqhelile, iPhilippines ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi, okuhlanganisa ukungcola kwamanzi okuphuza, ukuqhakaza kwe-algal, kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, izinzwa zokugcwala kwamanzi ziye zadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheni nasekubuseni kwemvelo yamanzi ezweni. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile amacala okusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwezinzwa zokugcwala ePhilippines, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuqondile ekuqapheni isitshalo sokwelapha amanzi, ukuphathwa kwe-algae echibini, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo zenhlekelele. Sihlola umthelela walezi zinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, empilweni yomphakathi, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, kanye nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho ePhilippines, ngenkathi sichaza nezitayela nezinselelo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngokubukeza ulwazi olusebenzayo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa zokugcwala ePhilippines, izinkomba ezibalulekile zinganikezwa kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka ekwamukeleni ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Isizinda kanye Nezinselele Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi ePhilippines
IPhilippines, izwe eliyisiqhingi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elakhiwe yiziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-7,000, libhekene nezinselele ezihlukile zokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi ngenxa yendawo yalo ehlukile. Njengoba lina imvula yonyaka engama-2,348 mm, leli zwe linemithombo yamanzi eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani, ingqalasizinda enganele, kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zokungcola kushiya ingxenye enkulu yabantu ingenawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, cishe abantu basePhilippines abayizigidi ezingu-8 abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile, okwenza ikhwalithi yamanzi ibe yinto ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi.
Izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi ePhilippines zibonakala kakhulu ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: ukungcola okukhulu kwamanzi avela emithonjeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengeMetro Manila, lapho amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, indle yasekhaya, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ezolimo kuholela ekukhuleni kwe-eutrophic; ukuqhakaza kwe-algal njalo ezindaweni ezinkulu zamanzi njengeLaguna Lake, okungakhiphi nje iphunga elibi kodwa futhi kukhipha ubuthi be-algal obuyingozi; ukungcola kwensimbi esindayo ezindaweni zezimboni, lapho amazinga aphezulu e-cadmium (Cd), i-lead (Pb), kanye nethusi (Cu) etholakala eManila Bay; kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngemva kwenhlekelele ngenxa yezivunguvungu nezikhukhula ezivamile.
Izindlela zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi zendabuko zibhekene nezithiyo eziningana zokuqaliswa ePhilippines: ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri kuyabiza futhi kudla isikhathi, okwenza ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kube nzima; ukuthatha amasampula ngesandla kuvinjelwe yindawo eyinkimbinkimbi yezwe, okushiya izindawo eziningi ezikude zingamboziwe; kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha okuhlukene kuzo zonke izinhlaka ezahlukene kuvimbela ukuhlaziywa okuphelele. Lezi zici zihlangene zivimbela izimpendulo ezisebenzayo ezinseleleni zekhwalithi yamanzi.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, izinzwa zokugcwala kwamanzi ziye zathola ukuthandwa njengamathuluzi okuqapha asebenzayo, asebenza ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukugcwala kwamanzi, okuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sezinhlayiya ezilenga emanzini, akuthinti nje kuphela ikhwalithi yobuhle bamanzi kodwa futhi kuhlobene kakhulu nokuba khona kwezifo kanye nokugcwala kwamakhemikhali angcolisayo. Izinzwa zokugcwala kwamanzi zanamuhla zisebenza ngesimiso sokukhanya okuhlakazekile: lapho umsebe wokukhanya udlula esampula yamanzi, izinhlayiya ezilengayo zihlakaza ukukhanya, bese inzwa ilinganisa ubukhali bokukhanya okuhlakazekile ngokuqondile kumsebe wesigameko, iwuqhathanisa namanani okulinganisa angaphakathi ukuze kutholakale ukugcwala kwamanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza izilinganiso ezisheshayo, imiphumela enembile, kanye namakhono okuqapha okuqhubekayo, okwenza kube kufanelekile kakhulu ezidingweni zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi zasePhilippines.
Intuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe be-IoT kanye namanethiwekhi ezinzwa ezingenantambo yandise izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokungcola ePhilippines, kusukela ekuqapheni isitshalo sokwelapha amanzi sendabuko kuya ekuphathweni kwechibi, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo. Lezi zinto ezintsha ziguqula izindlela zokuphatha ikhwalithi yamanzi, zinikeza izixazululo ezintsha ezinseleleni zesikhathi eside.
Ukubuka Konke Kobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Zokujika Nokufaneleka Kwazo EPhilippines
Izinzwa zokushintshashintsha, njengemishini eyinhloko ekuqapheni ikhwalithi yamanzi, zithembele ezimisweni zazo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzwa zokushintshashintsha ...
Imingcele yokusebenza ebalulekile yezinzwa zokungcola ifaka phakathi ububanzi bokulinganisa (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-NTU 0–2,000 noma ububanzi), ukuxazululwa (kufika ku-NTU 0.1), ukunemba (± 1%–5%), isikhathi sokuphendula, ububanzi bokunxephezela izinga lokushisa, kanye nesilinganiso sokuvikela. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo sasePhilippines, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (ibanga lokusebenza elingu-0–50°C), isilinganiso sokuvikela esiphezulu (ukuvimbela amanzi nge-IP68), kanye namakhono okulwa nokungcola kwe-biofouling. Izinzwa zakamuva eziphezulu nazo zihlanganisa imisebenzi yokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo zisebenzisa amabhulashi omshini noma ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic ukunciphisa imvamisa yokulungisa.
Izinzwa zokushintshashintsha kwamanzi zifanelekela ngokukhethekile iPhilippines ngenxa yezindlela eziningana zobuchwepheshe: izindawo zamanzi zezwe zivame ukubonisa ukufudumala okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zemvula lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi olwandle kukhuphuka, okwenza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile; ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okungazinzile ezindaweni ezikude kubhekwana nezinzwa zamandla aphansi (<0.5 W) ezingasebenza ngamandla elanga; futhi indawo yesiqhingi yenza izinqubo zokuxhumana ezingenantambo (isb., i-RS485 Modbus/RTU, i-LoRaWAN) zilungele amanethiwekhi okuqapha asatshalaliswa.
EPhilippines, izinzwa zokungcola zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izilinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlelo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ezinamapharamitha amaningi. Izilinganiso ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-pH, i-oxygen encibilikisiwe (DO), ukuqhuba ugesi, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-ammonia nitrogen, okuhlanganisa ndawonye okuhlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi okuphelele. Isibonelo, ekuqapheni ulwelwe, ukuhlanganisa idatha yokungcola namanani e-chlorophyll fluorescence kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokutholwa kokuqhuma kwe-algal; ekuphathweni kwamanzi amdaka, ukungcola kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuhambisana kwesidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali (COD) kuthuthukisa izinqubo zokwelapha. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqapha futhi inciphisa izindleko zokuthunyelwa zizonke.
Izitayela zobuchwepheshe zibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa zokungcola ePhilippines ziya ezinhlelweni ezihlakaniphile nezixhumene nenethiwekhi. Izinzwa zesizukulwane esisha zifaka ukubalwa kwe-edge ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha yendawo kanye nokutholwa kwe-anomaly, kuyilapho amapulatifomu amafu evumela ukufinyelela kwedatha ekude kanye nokwabelana ngama-PC namadivayisi eselula. Isibonelo, ipulatifomu ye-Sunlight Smart Cloud ivumela ukuqapha nokugcina okusekelwe efwini amahora angama-24 ngosuku, okwenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufinyelela idatha yomlando ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqhubekayo. Lezi zintuthuko zihlinzeka ngamathuluzi anamandla okuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ekubhekaneni nemicimbi yekhwalithi yamanzi engazelelwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemikhuba yesikhathi eside.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-20-2025