Njengesizwe se-archipelagic, i-Philippines ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi, okuhlanganisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphuza, ukuqhakaza kwe-algal, kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, izinzwa zokuguquguquka kwamanzi zidlale indima ebalulekile ekuqaphelweni nasekulawuleni imvelo yamanzi ezwe. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile izimo ezisebenzayo zezinzwa ze-turbidity e-Philippines, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuqondile ekuqaphelweni kwezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi, ukulawulwa kolwelwe lwechibi, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zezinhlekelele. Ihlola umthelela walezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, impilo yomphakathi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, nokuthuthukiswa komnotho e-Philippines, kuyilapho ichaza izitayela nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo. Ngokubuyekeza ulwazi olusebenzayo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa ye-turbidity e-Philippines, izinkomba ezibalulekile zinganikezwa amanye amazwe asathuthuka ekwamukeleni ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha izinga lamanzi.
Isendlalelo kanye Nezinselelo Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi e-Philippines
I-Philippines, izwe eliyiziqhingi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elakhiwe iziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-7,000, ibhekene nezinselelo eziyingqayizivele zokulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi ngenxa yemvelo yayo ehlukile. Ngokwesilinganiso semvula ngonyaka ka-2,348 mm, izwe linemithombo yamanzi amaningi. Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa kokungalingani, ingqalasizinda enganele, kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zokungcola zishiya ingxenye enkulu yabantu bengenawo amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, cishe abantu basePhilippines abayizigidi ezingu-8 abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile, okwenza izinga lamanzi libe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekhathaza umphakathi.
Izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi e-Philippines zibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwamanzi emithonjeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziminyene njengeMetro Manila, lapho amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, indle yasekhaya, nokugeleza kwezolimo kuholela eutrophication; ukuqhakaza ulwelwe njalo emanzini amakhulu njengeLaguna Lake, elingagcini nje ngokukhipha iphunga elibi kodwa futhi likhiphe ubuthi obuyingozi be-algal; ukungcoliswa kwensimbi enzima ezindaweni zezimboni, namazinga aphakeme e-cadmium (Cd), umthofu (Pb), nethusi (Cu) atholwe e-Manila Bay; kanye nokuwohloka kwezinga lamanzi ngemva kwenhlekelele ngenxa yezishingishane nezikhukhula.
Izindlela zendabuko zokuqapha izinga lamanzi zibhekana nezithiyo eziningana zokuqaliswa ePhilippines: ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri kuyabiza futhi kudla isikhathi, okwenza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kube nzima; ukusampula okwenziwa ngesandla kuvinjelwa isimo sezwe esiyinkimbinkimbi, okushiya izindawo eziningi ezikude zingafihliwe; kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha okuhlukene phakathi kwama-ejensi ahlukene kuphazamisa ukuhlaziya okuphelele. Lezi zici zihlangene zithiya izimpendulo ezisebenzayo ezinseleleni zekhwalithi yamanzi.
Ngokumelene nalokhu kwangemuva, izinzwa ze-turbidity yamanzi zithole amandla njengamathuluzi okuqapha asebenza kahle, esikhathi sangempela. I-turbidity, inkomba eyinhloko yezinhlayiya ezimisiwe emanzini, ayithinti nje kuphela ikhwalithi yobuhle bamanzi kodwa futhi ihlobene eduze nokuba khona kwe-pathogen kanye nokugxila kokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali. Izinzwa zesimanje ze-turbidity zisebenza ngomgomo wokukhanya okuhlakazekile: lapho i-beam yokukhanya idlula isampula yamanzi, izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zisakaza ukukhanya, futhi inzwa ikala ukuqina kokukhanya okuhlakazekile okuhambisana ne-beam yesigameko, ikuqhathanise namanani okulinganisa angaphakathi ukuze kutholwe ukungqubuzana. Lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza izilinganiso ezisheshayo, imiphumela enembile, namandla okuqapha aqhubekayo, okwenza bufaneleke kakhulu izidingo zokuqapha izinga lamanzi e-Philippines.
Intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-IoT namanethiwekhi wezinzwa ezingenantambo iye yandisa izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-turbidity e-Philippines, kusukela ekuqaphelweni kwesikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi esivamile kuya ekuphathweni kwechibi, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nezimpendulo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha ziguqula izindlela zokuphatha izinga lamanzi, zinikeze izixazululo ezintsha ezinseleleni osekunesikhathi eside zikhona.
Ukubuka Konke Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwezinzwa Ze-Turbidity Nokufaneleka Kwazo e-Philippines
Izinzwa ze-turbidity, njengemishini eyinhloko ekuqaphelweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, zithembele kuzimiso zazo zobuchwepheshe nezici zokusebenza ukuze ziqinisekise ukwethembeka ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzwa zesimanje ze-turbidity zisebenzisa ngokuyinhloko izimiso zokulinganisa ukukhanya, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya okuhlakaziwe, ukukhanya okudlulisiwe, nezindlela zesilinganiso, ukukhanya okuhlakaziwe kuwubuchwepheshe obuvamile ngenxa yokunemba kwakho okuphezulu nokuzinza. Uma i-beam yokukhanya idlula kusampula lamanzi, izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zisakaza ukukhanya, futhi inzwa ithola ukushuba kokukhanya okuhlakazekile nge-engeli ethile (ngokuvamile engu-90°) ukuze kutholwe ukuqunjelwa. Le ndlela yokulinganisa okungeyena othintana naye igwema ukungcoliswa kwe-electrode, iyenze ifaneleke ukuqapha ku-inthanethi kwesikhathi eside.
Imingcele yokusebenza engukhiye yezinzwa ze-turbidity ihlanganisa ububanzi bokulinganisa (ngokuvamile i-0–2,000 NTU noma ebanzi), ukulungiswa (kufika ku-0.1 NTU), ukunemba (±1%–5%), isikhathi sokuphendula, ibanga lesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa, nesilinganiso sokuvikela. Esimeni sezulu esishisayo sase-Philippine, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (ububanzi bokusebenza obungu-0–50°C), isilinganiso sokuvikela okuphezulu (IP68 ukuvimbela amanzi), namandla e-anti-biofouling. Izinzwa zakamuva zakamuva nazo zifaka imisebenzi yokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa amabhulashi emishini noma ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic ukunciphisa imvamisa yokulungisa.
Izinzwa ze-turbidity zifaneleka ngokukhethekile ePhilippines ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuningana kwezobuchwepheshe: izindawo zamanzi zezwe zivame ukubonisa ukuthuthumela okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zemvula lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kukhuphuka, okwenza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kubaluleke; ukunikezwa kwamandla okungazinzile ezindaweni ezikude kubhekwana nezinzwa zamandla aphansi (<0.5 W) ezingasebenza ngamandla elanga; kanye nendawo yeqoqo leziqhingi yenza izimiso zokuxhumana ezingenantambo (isb, RS485 Modbus/RTU, LoRaWAN) zibe zilungele amanethiwekhi okuqapha asabalalisiwe.
E-Philippines, izinzwa ze-turbidity zivame ukuhlanganiswa namanye amapharamitha ekhwalithi yamanzi ukuze zakhe izinhlelo zokuqapha izinga lamanzi ezinamapharamitha amaningi. Amapharamitha ajwayelekile afaka i-pH, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe (DO), ukuhanjiswa, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-ammonia nitrogen, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi okuphelele. Isibonelo, ekuqaphelweni kolwelwe, ukuhlanganisa idatha ye-turbidity namanani e-chlorophyll fluorescence kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokutholwa kwe-algal bloom; ekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile, i-turbidity kanye nesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali (COD) ukuhlaziywa kokulungiswa kuthuthukisa izinqubo zokwelashwa. Le ndlela edidiyelwe ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqapha futhi inciphise izindleko zokuthumela zizonke.
Amathrendi ezobuchwepheshe akhombisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa ze-turbidity e-Philippines ziqhubekela kumasistimu ahlakaniphile nanenethiwekhi. Izinzwa zesizukulwane esisha zifaka i-edge computing yokucubungula idatha yendawo kanye nokutholwa ngokudidayo, kuyilapho izinkundla zamafu zinika amandla ukufinyelela kwedatha okude nokwabelana ngama-PC namadivayisi eselula. Isibonelo, inkundla ye-Sunlight Smart Cloud ivumela ukuqapha nokugcinwa okusekelwe kumafu okungu-24/7, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele idatha yomlando ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqhubekayo. Le ntuthuko ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi anamandla okuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ekubhekaneni nemicimbi yezinga lamanzi engazelelwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemikhuba yesikhathi eside.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2025