Njengezwe eliyiqoqo leziqhingi, iPhilippines ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi, okuhlanganisa ukungcola kwamanzi okuphuza, ukukhula ngokweqile kolwelwe, kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuzwa, izinzwa zokugcwala kwamanzi ziye zadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheni nasekubuseni imvelo yamanzi ePhilippines. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuhlelekile amacala okusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwezinzwa zokugcwala ePhilippines, okuhlanganisa nezicelo zazo ezithile ekuqapheni imisebenzi yamanzi, ekulawulweni kolwelwe echibini, ekwelashweni kwendle, kanye nasekuphenduleni eziphuthumayo zenhlekelele. Hlola umthelela walezi zinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, empilweni yomphakathi, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho ePhilippines; Futhi ubheke phambili ezindleleni zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo kanye nezinselelo ezibhekene nazo. Ngokuhlela ulwazi olusebenzayo lokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokugcwala ePhilippines, inganikeza izinkomba eziwusizo zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka.
Isizinda kanye Nezinselele Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi ePhilippines
Njengezwe eliyisiqhingi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iPhilippines yakhiwe yiziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-7,000. Indawo yayo ehlukile yendawo ibeka izinselelo eziningi ezikhethekile ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi. Imvula ejwayelekile yonyaka kuleli lizwe ifinyelela kumamilimitha angu-2,348. Inani eliphelele lemithombo yamanzi liningi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okungalingani, ingqalasizinda enganele kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zokungcola, inani elikhulu labantu lisabhekene nezinkinga zokuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-World Health Organization, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-8 ePhilippines abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile, futhi izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi sezibe yinto ebalulekile esongela impilo yomphakathi.
Izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi ePhilippines zibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo: Ukungcola kwamanzi okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengendawo yedolobha laseManila, lapho amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, indle yasekhaya kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ezolimo kubangela ukugcwala kwamanzi; Inkinga yokukhula ngokweqile kwe-algae iyabonakala. Isibonelo, ukuqhakaza kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuvame ukuvela ezindaweni ezinkulu zamanzi njengeLaguna Lake, ezingakhiqizi nje iphunga elibi kodwa futhi zikhipha ubuthi be-algal, okusongela ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza. Ukungcola kwensimbi enamandla kukhona emanzini azungeze ezinye izindawo zezimboni. Isibonelo, ogwini lwaseManila Bay, amazinga amaningi ezinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-cadmium (Cd), i-lead (Pb), kanye nethusi (Cu) atholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPhilippines ivame ukuthintwa yizivunguvungu nezikhukhula, futhi ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngemva kwezinhlekelele nakho kuvame kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi zendabuko zibhekene nezingqinamba eziningi zokuqaliswa ePhilippines: Ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri kuyabiza futhi kudla isikhathi, futhi kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela; Ukusampula ngesandla kunqunyelwe yindawo eyinkimbinkimbi yezwe lasePhilippines, futhi izindawo eziningi ezikude kunzima ukuzimboza. Idatha yokuqapha isakazeke ezikhungweni ezahlukene, ingenayo ipulatifomu yokuphatha nokuhlaziya ehlangene. Lezi zici zonke zivimbele ikhono lePhilippines lokubhekana ngempumelelo nezinselele zekhwalithi yamanzi.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, izinzwa zokuminyana kwamanzi, njengethuluzi lokuqapha elisebenzayo nelisebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, zisetshenziswa kabanzi ePhilippines. Ukuminyana kwamanzi kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa okuqukethwe kwezinto ezimile emanzini. Akugcini nje ngokuthinta ngqo izakhiwo zezinzwa zamanzi kodwa futhi kuhlobene kakhulu nokuba khona kwamagciwane kanye nokugcwala kokungcola kwamakhemikhali. Izinzwa zokuminyana zanamuhla zakhiwe ngokusekelwe esimisweni sokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Lapho ugongolo lokukhanya lungena esampula yamanzi, izinhlayiya ezimile zibangela ukuba ukukhanya kuhlakazeke. Ngokulinganisa amandla okukhanya okuhlakazekile ohlangothini oluqondile nokukhanya kwesigameko nokukuqhathanisa nenani lokulinganisa kwangaphakathi, inani lokuminyana emanzini lingabalwa. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezinzuzo zokulinganisa okusheshayo, imiphumela enembile kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo, futhi bufanelekela kakhulu izidingo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ePhilippines.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-Internet of Things (iot) kanye namanethiwekhi ezinzwa angenantambo, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokungcola ePhilippines bezilokhu zikhula, kusukela ekuqapheni kwemisebenzi yamanzi yendabuko kuya emikhakheni eminingi efana nokuphathwa kwechibi, ukwelashwa kwendle, kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo. Ukwethulwa kwalezi zobuchwepheshe kuguqula indlela ikhwalithi yamanzi ephathwa ngayo ePhilippines futhi kunikeza izixazululo ezintsha zokubhekana nezinselelo zekhwalithi yamanzi esezinesikhathi eside.
Ukubuka Konke Kobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Ze-Turbidity Nokusebenza Kwabo ePhilippines
Njengenye yamadivayisi ayinhloko okuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi, isimiso sobuchwepheshe senzwa yokugoba kanye nezici zokusebenza kunquma ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuthembeka kwayo ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzwa zokugoba zesimanje zisebenzisa kakhulu izimiso zokulinganisa ukukhanya, okuhlanganisa indlela yokukhanya okuhlakazekile, indlela yokukhanya okudluliselwe kanye nendlela yokulinganisa, phakathi kwazo indlela yokukhanya okuhlakazekile isibe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile ngenxa yokunemba kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokuqina. Lapho umsebe wokukhanya udlula esampula yamanzi, izinhlayiya ezilenga emanzini zibangela ukuba ukukhanya kuhlakazeke. Inzwa inquma inani lokugoba ngokuthola ubukhali bokukhanya okuhlakazekile ku-engeli ethile (ngokuvamile engu-90°). Le ndlela yokulinganisa engathintani igwema izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwe-electrode futhi ifaneleka ekuqapheni okuku-inthanethi isikhathi eside.
Amapharamitha okusebenza abalulekile ezinzwa zokushintshashintsha afaka phakathi ububanzi bokulinganisa (ngokuvamile 0-2000NTU noma ububanzi), isixazululo (kufika ku-0.1NTU), ukunemba (±1%-5%), isikhathi sokuphendula, ububanzi bokunxephezela izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinga lokuvikela, njll. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu zasePhilippines ezishisayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kwezinzwa kubaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (ububanzi bokusebenza obungu-0-50℃), izinga lokuvikela eliphezulu (ukungangeni manzi kwe-IP68), kanye nekhono lokunamathela elilwa nezinto eziphilayo 78. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izinzwa eziphezulu nazo zihlanganise umsebenzi wokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo, osusa njalo ukungcola ebusweni bezinzwa ngamabhulashi omshini noma ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic, okunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yokulungisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ePhilippines kunokuzivumelanisa nezimo zobuchwepheshe ezihlukile. Okokuqala, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kuyinkinga evamile ezindaweni zamanzi ePhilippines, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semvula lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi ebusweni kukhuphuka. Izindlela zelabhorethri zendabuko kunzima ukuthola izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi esifanele, kuyilapho izinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi eziku-inthanethi zinganikeza idatha yokuqapha eqhubekayo. Okwesibili, ezindaweni eziningi zasePhilippines, ukunikezwa kwamandla akuzinzile. Izinzwa zanamuhla ezinamandla aphansi (ezisebenzisa amandla <0.5W) zinganikwa amandla ngamandla elanga futhi zifanele ukuthunyelwa ezindaweni ezikude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPhilippines ineziqhingi eziningi futhi izindleko zokudlulisa idatha ngentambo ziphezulu. Inzwa yokungcoliswa kwamanzi isekela izinqubo zokuxhumana ezingenantambo (njenge-RS485 Modbus/RTU, LoRaWAN, njll.), okulula ukwakha inethiwekhi yokuqapha esabalalisiwe 8.
Ukufakwa kwezinzwa zokuvuvuka ePhilippines kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuqapha ezinye izilinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi olunamapharamitha amaningi. Izilinganiso ezivamile ezihlanganisiwe zifaka inani le-pH, i-oxygen encibilikisiwe (DO), ukuqhuba kukagesi, izinga lokushisa, i-ammonia nitrogen, njll. Lezi zilinganiso ndawonye zinikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Isibonelo, ekuqapheni ulwelwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yokuvuvuka kanye namanani e-chlorophyll fluorescence kunganquma ngokunembile isimo sokuzalana kolwelwe. Enkambisweni yokwelashwa kwendle, ukuhlaziywa kokuxhumana phakathi kokuvuvuka kanye ne-COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) kuyasiza ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokwelapha. Lo mklamo ohlanganisiwe wamapharamitha amaningi uthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuqapha futhi unciphisa izindleko zokuthunyelwa zizonke.
Ngokombono wezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokungcola ePhilippines kuya ekuhlakanipheni nasekuxhumaneni. Isizukulwane esisha sezinzwa asinazo nje kuphela imisebenzi yokulinganisa eyisisekelo, kodwa futhi sihlanganisa amakhono okusebenzisa i-edge computing, okuvumela ukucubungula idatha yendawo kanye nokutholwa kwe-anomaly. Ukufinyelela idatha kude kanye nokwabelana kufezwa ngepulatifomu yamafu, okusekela ukubukwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokubili kuma-PC kanye nama-terminal eselula. 78 Isibonelo, i-Sunshine Smart Cloud Platform ingafeza ukuqapha kwamafu kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha yezinzwa kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole idatha yomlando ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kokuba ku-inthanethi njalo. Lokhu kuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kuhlinzeke ngamathuluzi anamandla okuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi ePhilippines, ikakhulukazi okubonisa inani eliyingqayizivele ekuphenduleni izehlakalo zekhwalithi yamanzi eziphuthumayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemikhuba yesikhathi eside.
Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwenzwa yamanzi,
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-20-2025