Amageyiji Emvula Asebhakedeni Eligobile Lepulasitiki Aba “Ukuphela Kwezinzwa” Kwenethiwekhi Yokuqapha Amanzi Yomhlaba Wonke, Esiza Ekulweni Nemvula Enkulu

[Imingcele Yokuqapha Amanzi Emhlabeni Wonke] Ngaphansi kwesimo sezehlakalo zemvula ezivame kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, ithuluzi elibonakala lilula kodwa libalulekile—i-plastic tipping bucket rain gauge—lisetshenziswa ngobuningi obungakaze bubonwe emhlabeni wonke, lakha “iziphetho zemizwa” zenethiwekhi yokuqapha amanzi emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ezinkathini zemvula eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya ezinkathini zeziphepho eMelika, la madivayisi okuqapha imvula enziwe ngamapulasitiki obunjiniyela asebenza kahle ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ebalulekile yokuvimbela nokunciphisa izinhlekelele, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, kanye nocwaningo lwesimo sezulu.

Ukwanda Kwesidingo: INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, INingizimu ye-Asia njengezindawo ezishisayo zokusetshenziswa, Ukukhiqiza KwaseShayina Kubonisa Inzuzo

Nakuba kungekho sigaba esisemthethweni sesidingo sezwe elithile, imibiko yezimboni kanye nolwazi lwe-supply chain lubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo esinamandla kakhulu sama-plastic tipping bucket rain gauges sigxile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (isb., i-Indonesia, iPhilippines, iThailand) kanye neNingizimu ye-Asia (isb., i-India, iBangladesh). Lezi zifunda zinabantu abaningi, ezolimo zazo zincike kakhulu emvuleni, futhi zihlushwa izinsongo zezikhukhula, okudala isidingo esiqinile semishini yokuqapha imvula engabizi kakhulu, ethembekile kakhulu, futhi engasetshenziswa kalula.

Kulesi sidingo somhlaba wonke, i-“Made in China” idlala indima ebalulekile. Uchungechunge lwemboni yepulasitiki olusungulwe kahle lwaseShayina luyenza ikwazi ukukhiqiza ama-rain gauge epulasitiki anekhwalithi eqinile namanani ancintisanayo, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.

Ukuhlaziywa Kobuchwepheshe: Kungani Kuhlanganiswa Okuphelele “Kwepulasitiki” kanye “Nebhakede Eligobayo”?

Amageyiji emvula endabuko ayevame ukwenziwa ngensimbi noma ngengilazi, aqinile kodwa ayabiza, asinda, futhi avame ukugqwala. Impumelelo yegeyiji yemvula yebhakede lepulasitiki eligobayo itholakala ekwakhiweni kwayo okuhlakaniphile kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto:

• Ukumelana Nokugqwala Nokulula: Ngokusebenzisa amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asebenza kahle njenge-ABS noma i-polycarbonate, angamelana nokugqwala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu ezinzima futhi alula kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa ezindaweni ezikude.
• Ukuzenzakalela kanye Nokukwazi Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Ingxenye eyinhloko “ibhakede eligoqayo” eliqondile. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho iqoqa inani elibekiwe lemvula (isb., 0.1 mm noma 0.2 mm), ibhakede ligoqa ngokuzenzakalelayo, libangele isignali kagesi. Lesi signali singadluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela ezikhungweni zedatha ngobuchwepheshe obunezintambo noma obungenantambo (isb., 4G/5G, LoRa, NB-IoT), kufezwe ukuqoqwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokudluliselwa kwedatha yemvula kude, okushintsha kakhulu imodi yokufunda ngesandla yendabuko.
• Ukwenza Izinqumo Eziqhutshwa Yidatha: Emathafeni oMfula iGanges eNdiya, amanethiwekhi okulinganisa imvula asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlinzeka ngedatha yemvula esezingeni lemizuzu yezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula, okuthenga isikhathi esibalulekile sokufuduka emadolobheni asezansi komfula. Ezindaweni zezintaba zasePhilippines, idatha yemvula yesikhathi sangempela iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukhipha izixwayiso zenhlekelele yokudilika komhlaba.

Izimo Zokusetshenziswa: Kusukela Ekuphathweni Kwamanzi Asemadolobheni Kuya Kwezolimo Ezihlakaniphile

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikali zemvula zebhakede lepulasitiki sekudlule kakhulu ububanzi beziteshi zesimo sezulu zendabuko futhi kujula emasimini amaningi okuziphilisa umphakathi:

1. Amadolobha Ahlakaniphile Nokulawulwa Kwezikhukhula: Ukufaka amageyiji emvula ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula zasemadolobheni kanye nama-node ayisihluthulelo amanethiwekhi okukhipha amanzi kungaqapha ubukhali beziphepho zemvula zasendaweni ngesikhathi sangempela, kunikeze isisekelo sokwenza izinqumo zamapulatifomu amanzi ahlakaniphile asemadolobheni futhi kuvumele ukusebenza kwesiteshi sokupompa esihlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
2. Ukulima Okunembile Nokuphathwa Kwemithombo Yamanzi: Emapulazini amakhulu, ukuhlanganisa idatha yemvula nedatha yomswakama wenhlabathi kusiza abalimi ukuthi bakhe amashejuli okunisela ngokunembile, balondoloze imithombo yamanzi. Ezingeni lamanzi, le datha iyisisekelo sesayensi sokuhlela amadamu okugcina amanzi kanye nokwabiwa kwamanzi.
3. Ucwaningo Lwesimo Sezulu Nokwakhiwa Kwengqalasizinda: Idatha yemvula yesikhathi eside nebanzi ibalulekile kososayensi abafunda izinguquko emaphethini emvula ngaphansi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuvuselela amazinga okuklama engqalasizinda enkulu njengamabhuloho namadamu.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwi-IoT, Ukwakha Inethiwekhi Yokuqonda Ehlanganisiwe "Yesikhala-Isibhakabhaka-Indawo"

Ochwepheshe bezimboni bakhomba ukuthi i-plastic tipping bucket rain gauge yesikhathi esizayo ngeke ibe nje inzwa ezimele kodwa izoqhubeka nokuhlanganisa amandla elanga, amakhono okusebenzisa umkhawulo anamandla kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kube yi-node ngaphakathi kwe-Internet of Things (IoT) enkulu. Kanye ne-radar yesimo sezulu kanye nokuzwa okukude kwesathelayithi, bazokwakha inethiwekhi yokuqapha imvula ehlanganisiwe ethi “Space-Sky-Ground”, enikeza izinsizakalo “zomlindi” ezinembile nezifika ngesikhathi ukuze zibhekane nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo.

Njengoba ukugcizelelwa komhlaba wonke kwamakhono okuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka kukhula, ububanzi nokujula kokusetshenziswa kwalesi sikali semvula esincane sepulasitiki, okuyisisekelo sokuqapha okuyisisekelo kwamanzi, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula.