I-Plastic Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges Iba “Iziphetho Zezinzwa” zeGlobal Hydrological Monitoring Network, Zisiza Ekulweni Nemvula Enkulu

[Ama-Frontiers in Global Hydrological Monitoring] Ngokumelene nesizinda sezehlakalo zemvula enamandla kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, idivayisi ebonakala ilula kodwa ebalulekile—igeji yemvula yamabhakede epulasitiki—isatshalaliswa ngobuningi obungakaze bubonwe emhlabeni wonke, okwenza “iziphetho zemizwa” yenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yokuqapha amanzi. Kusukela enkathini yezimvula eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya kuzinkathi zeziphepho emazweni aseMelika, lezi zixhobo zokuqapha imvula ezenziwe ngamapulasitiki wobunjiniyela asebenza kahle zihlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela nokunciphisa izinhlekelele, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, nokucwaninga kwesimo sezulu.

Isidingo Esikhulayo: INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-South Asia njengezindawo ezishisayo zohlelo lokusebenza, imibukiso yokukhiqiza yaseShayina Inzuzo

Nakuba lingekho izinga elisemthethweni lesidingo eliqondene nezwe elithile, imibiko yezimboni kanye nolwazi lwe-supply chain lubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo esiqine kakhulu samageji emvula wamabhakede we-plastic tipping siye sagxila eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (isb., Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand) naseNingizimu Asia (isb, India, Bangladesh). Lezi zifunda zinabantu abaningi, ukulima kwazo kuncike kakhulu emvuleni, futhi zikhungethwe izinsongo zezikhukhula, okudala isidingo esiqinile semishini yokuqapha imvula engabizi kakhulu, ethembeke kakhulu futhi esebenziseka kalula.

Kulesi sidingo somhlaba wonke, i-"Made in China" idlala indima ebalulekile. Uchungechunge lwemboni yesikhunta sepulasitiki esizinze kahle saseShayina luyenza ikwazi ukukhiqiza izikali zemvula zamabhakede epulasitiki ezinekhwalithi ezinzile namanani ancintisanayo, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokusatshalaliswa kwenethiwekhi okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe: Kungani Inhlanganisela Ephelele “Yepulasitiki” kanye “Nebhakede Elithiphayo”?

Amageji emvula avamile ayevame ukwenziwa ngensimbi noma ngengilazi, eqinile kodwa ebizayo, esindayo, futhi ethanda ukugqwala. Impumelelo yegeji yemvula yebhakede le-plastic tipping ilele ekwakhiweni kwayo okuhlakaniphile kanye nokukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo:

• I-Corrosion Resistance kanye ne-Lightweight: Isebenzisa amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-ABS noma i-polycarbonate, ingamelana nokugqwala ezindaweni ezihlukene zesimo sezulu esibi futhi ayisindi ngokwedlulele, yenza kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa kahle ezindaweni ezikude.
• Ukuzenzakalela kanye nekhono lesikhathi sangempela: Ingxenye ewumgogodla “ibhakede lokuthipha” elinembile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho liqoqa inani elimisiwe lemvula (isb, 0.1 mm noma 0.2 mm), ibhakede lizitshela ngokuzenzakalelayo, licuphe isignali kagesi. Lesi siginali singadluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela ezikhungweni zedatha ngobuchwepheshe obunezintambo noma obungenawaya (isb, i-4G/5G, i-LoRa, i-NB-IoT), ukuzuza ukuqoqwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokudluliselwa kude kwedatha yemvula, ngokuyisisekelo iguqule indlela evamile yokufunda ngesandla.
• Ukwenziwa Kwezinqumo Okuqhutshwa Yidatha: Emathafeni oMfula i-Ganges e-India, amanethiwekhi okulinganisa imvula aminyene ahlinzeka ngedatha yezinga lemvula lezinga eliphansi lezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula, okuthenga isikhathi esibalulekile sokuthuthwa kwamadolobha angezansi komfula. Ezifundeni ezinezintaba zase-Philippines, idatha yemvula yesikhathi sangempela iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokukhipha izexwayiso zenhlekelele yokubihlika komhlaba.

Izimo Zokusebenza: Kusukela Ekuphathweni Kwamanzi Ase-Urban kuya Kwezolimo Ezihlakaniphile

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikali zemvula zamabhakede zepulasitiki zidlule kude ububanzi beziteshi zesimo sezulu esivamile futhi zijula ​​ezinkundleni zokuziphilisa zomphakathi:

1. I-Smart Cities and Flood Control: Ukukhipha ama-gauge emvula ezindaweni ezithandwa yizikhukhula zasemadolobheni kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile zamanethiwekhi okudonsa amanzi kungaqapha ukushuba kweziphepho zasendaweni ngesikhathi sangempela, kunikeze isisekelo sokuthatha izinqumo zamapulatifomu amanzi ahlakaniphile asemadolobheni futhi kuvumela ukusebenza kwesiteshi sephampu okuhlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi kusengaphambili.
2. Ukulawulwa Okunembayo Kwezolimo Nezinsiza Zamanzi: Emapulazini amakhulu, ukuhlanganisa idatha yemvula nedatha yokuswakama komhlabathi kusiza abalimi ukuba benze amashejuli okunisela ngokunembile, ukonga imithombo yamanzi. Ezingeni le-watershed, le datha iyisisekelo sesayensi sokuhlelwa kwedamu nokwabiwa kwamanzi.
3. Ucwaningo Lwesimo Sezulu Nokwakhiwa Kwengqalasizinda: Idatha yesikhathi eside, ebanzi yemvula ibalulekile kososayensi abafunda izinguquko zamaphethini emvula ngaphansi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi iyireferensi ebalulekile yokubuyekeza izindinganiso zokuklama zengqalasizinda emikhulu njengamabhuloho namadamu.

I-Future Outlook: Ukudidiyelwa ku-IoT, Kwakha Inethiwekhi Yokubonwa Ye-“Space-Sky-Ground” Ehlanganisiwe

Ochwepheshe bemboni baveza ukuthi igeji lemvula le-plastic tipping bucket rain gauge ngeke libe nje inzwa ezimele kodwa lizoqhubeka lihlanganise amandla elanga, amandla ekhompiyutha anamandla amakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kube indawo ngaphakathi kwe-inthanethi enkulu Yezinto (IoT). Kanye ne-radar yesimo sezulu kanye ne-remote sensing yesathelayithi, bazokwakha inethiwekhi edidiyelwe yokuqapha imvula ye-"Space-Sky-Ground", ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo "zomthumeli" ezinembe nangesikhathi esifanele ukuze zibhekane nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo.

Njengoba ukugcizelelwa komhlaba wonke emandleni okuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka kukhula, ububanzi bokufaka nokujula kwalesi silinganisi semvula sepulasitiki esincane, itshe legumbi lokuqapha okuyisisekelo kokusebenza kwamanzi, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke ukwanda.