Izinzwa zamanzi ezisebenzisa i-piezoresistive ziye zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yesu eliphelele lokuphathwa kwamanzi laseSingapore, zisekela ukushintshela kwesizwe “ku-Smart Water Grid.” Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwalezi zinzwa eziqinile nezinembile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zamanzi zasemadolobheni aseSingapore, kusukela ekuvimbeleni izikhukhula kuya ekuphathweni kwamachibi kanye namanethiwekhi amanzi ahlakaniphile. Njengobuchwepheshe obuguqula ingcindezi yamanzi ibe yizibonakaliso zikagesi ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisebenzisa i-piezoresistive, lezi zinzwa zinikeza iBhodi Yezinsiza Zomphakathi yaseSingapore (i-PUB) idatha ethembekile, yesikhathi sangempela yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kohlelo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo engqalasizinda yamanzi eyinkimbinkimbi yezwe.
Isingeniso Sokuzwa Kwe-Piezoresistive Emkhakheni Wamanzi waseSingapore
Uhambo lweSingapore lokuba ngumholi womhlaba wonke ekuphathweni kwamanzi luqhutshwe yisidingo. Njengesizwe esincane esisesiqhingini esinemithombo yamanzi yemvelo elinganiselwe kanye nokusengozini enkulu yemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengemvula enamandla kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lolwandle, iSingapore itshale imali eningi kubuchwepheshe bamanzi obusha. Phakathi kwalokhu, izinzwa zamanzi ezivikela amanzi ziye zavela njengengxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yokuqapha amanzi yezwe, enikeza ukuthembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa kanye nokunemba ezindaweni zasemanzini ezahlukahlukene.
Izinzwa ze-piezoresistive zisebenza ngesimiso sokuthi izinto ezithile zishintshe ukumelana kwazo kagesi lapho zicindezelwa ngomshini. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lamanzi, lezi zinzwa zilinganisa ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic ekhishwa yikholomu yamanzi, elingana ngqo nokuphakama kwamanzi. Lobu budlelwano obungokoqobo buvumela ukunqunywa kwezinga lamanzi okunembile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amanzi acacile kangakanani, ukugcwala kwamanzi, noma ukuba khona kwezinto eziqinile ezilengayo—izici ezivame ukuphonsela inselelo ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile njengezinzwa ze-ultrasonic noma ze-optical.
IBhodi Yezinsiza Zomphakathi (i-PUB), i-ejensi kazwelonke yamanzi yaseSingapore, isebenzise ama-piezoresistive sensors ezindaweni eziningi zokuphathwa kwamanzi. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kuxazulula izinselelo eziningana ezihlukile zaseSingapore: isidingo sokubikezela izikhukhula ngokunembile esimweni sezulu esishisayo esivame ukuba nemvula enamandla, isidingo sokuphathwa kwamachibi aqondile ezweni elintula umhlaba elidale amachibi amaningi asemadolobheni, kanye nesidingo sedatha ethembekile yokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi exhumene kakhulu.
Indaba yamanzi yaseSingapore iwushintsho—kusukela ekushodeni kwamanzi kuya ekuphepheni kwamanzi. Amapayipi Kazwelonke Amane (amanzi atholakala endaweni, amanzi angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-NEWater, namanzi akhishwe usawoti) amelela isu lokuphakelwa kwamanzi elihlukahlukene lapho ingxenye ngayinye idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Izinzwa ze-piezoresistive zinegalelo kuleli su ngokunikeza idatha enembile, yesikhathi sangempela edingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kuwo wonke amapayipi amane, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zamanzi atholakala endaweni manje eziqoqa amanzi avela ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zendawo yaseSingapore.
Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-piezoresistive kuhambisana nohlelo olubanzi lwe-Smart Nation lwaseSingapore, olugcizelela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha kuzo zonke izinhlaka. Ekuphathweni kwamanzi, lokhu kuhunyushwa kuma-sensor angagcini nje ngokunikeza izilinganiso kodwa futhi ahlanganisa kalula namapulatifomu okuhlaziya athuthukile, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokubikezela, izinhlelo zokulawula ezenzakalelayo, kanye namakhono okuxwayisa kusenesikhathi. Ukuqina kwama-sensor e-piezoresistive—ikhono lawo lokugcina ukunemba naphezu kokungcola kwe-biofouling, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside—kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu endaweni eshisayo yaseSingapore kanye nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-PUB zekhwalithi yedatha kanye nokuthembeka kohlelo.
Izinhlelo Zokuqapha Izikhukhula kanye Nezixwayiso Zasekuqaleni
Isimo sezulu esishisayo saseSingapore siletha imvula enamandla engaqeda ngokushesha izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, okwenza ukuqapha okuqinile kwezikhukhula kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuqina kwasemadolobheni. IBhodi Yezinsiza Zomphakathi (i-PUB) isebenzise inethiwekhi ebanzi yezinzwa zamanzi ezisezingeni le-piezoresistive njengengxenye yesu layo lokuphatha ubungozi bezikhukhula, yakha enye yezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula zasemadolobheni ezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi zinzwa zinikeza idatha ebalulekile edingekayo ukubikezela, ukuqapha, nokuphendula izehlakalo zezikhukhula kulo lonke izwe lasemadolobheni elinabantu abaningi kulesi siqhingi.
Ukufakwa Kwezinzwa Ezindaweni Ezinengozi Enkulu
I-PUB ifake izinzwa ze-piezoresistive ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezingaba ngu-200 kulo lonke inethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi eSingapore, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphansi kanye nezindawo ezishisayo zezikhukhula zomlando57. Lezi zinzwa ziqapha amazinga amanzi njalo emiseleni, emiseleni yamanzi, nasemifuleni, zinikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ezinhlelweni zokulawula eziphakathi ze-PUB. Ubuchwepheshe be-piezoresistive bukhethwe kulezi zinhlelo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwabo okungavamile ezimweni zemvelo eziyinselele zaseSingapore—umswakama ophezulu, izimvula ezinkulu ezivame ukuvela, kanye namathuba amanzi ezikhukhula agcwele imfucumfucu angangcolisa ezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa.
Lezi zinzwa zakha ingxenye yesistimu yokuqapha izikhukhula ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa i-radar yemvula, amakhamera e-CCTV, kanye nabaqaphi bekhwalithi yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, izinzwa zamanzi ezisezingeni le-piezoresistive zisebenza njengesici esiyisisekelo, zinikeza isilinganiso esiqondile kakhulu sengozi yangempela yezikhukhula ezindaweni ezithile. Ukulinganisa kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba zibamba umphumela ohlanganisiwe wazo zonke izinqubo zamanzi ezikhuphukayo—ubukhulu bemvula, izici zokugeleza kwamanzi, kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu yokukhipha amanzi—kupharamitha eyodwa, elula ukuyiqonda: ukujula kwamanzi.
Izindlela Zokuxwayisa Ezizenzakalelayo
Uhlelo lokuqapha izikhukhula lwaseSingapore lusebenzisa idatha yezinzwa ze-piezoresistive ukuze lukhiqize izexwayiso ezenzakalelayo ngeziteshi eziningi. Lapho amazinga amanzi enyuka aze afike emikhawulweni enqunyiwe (ngokuvamile ku-50%, 75%, 90%, kanye no-100% wokujula okubucayi), uhlelo luqala izaziso nge-SMS, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwe-MyWaters, kanye nezibonisi zangaphakathi zegumbi lokulawula le-PUB7. Le ndlela yokuxwayisa esezingeni eliphezulu ivumela izimpendulo eziphelele, kusukela ekuqapheni okuvamile kuya ekungeneleleni okuphuthumayo.
Ukunemba okuphezulu kwezinzwa ze-piezoresistive (±0.1% wesilinganiso esigcwele ezindaweni eziningi zokufaka) kuqinisekisa ukuthi izexwayiso zisekelwe ekulinganisweni okunembile, kunciphisa ama-alamu angamanga ngenkathi kunikeza isikhathi esanele sesixwayiso. Izakhamuzi namabhizinisi bangabhalisela ukuthola izexwayiso zezindawo ezintathu zezinzwa ezithile, okuvumela izexwayiso zezikhukhula ezenzelwe wena ezindaweni ezikhathazayo ezithile7. Leli zinga lokwenza ngokwezifiso kungenzeka kuphela ngoba izinzwa ze-piezoresistive zinikeza idatha ethembekile njalo i-PUB kanye nomphakathi abangayethemba.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nengqalasizinda Yokulawula Izikhukhula
Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuxwayisa, idatha yezinzwa ze-piezoresistive ilawula ngqo ingqalasizinda yokunciphisa izikhukhula ezenzakalelayo ezindaweni eziningana kulo lonke elaseSingapore. Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Orchard Road—isifunda sezitolo esabhekana nezikhukhula ezinkulu ngo-2010 nango-2011—idatha yezinzwa ibangela ukusebenza kwezithiyo zezikhukhula zesikhashana futhi isebenzisa amaphampu anamandla ukuze iphambukise amanzi ezikhukhula5. Isikhathi sokuphendula okusheshayo sezinzwa (ngokuvamile esingaphansi komzuzwana owodwa) sibalulekile kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, okuvumela izinhlelo zokulawula ukuthi zisabele ngaphambi kokuba izimo zezikhukhula zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Esinye isicelo esiphawulekayo uhlelo lwesisekelo "olungangenisi izikhukhula" lwezakhiwo ezindaweni ezivame ukukhukhulwa yizikhukhula. Lapha, izinzwa ze-piezoresistive ezifakwe ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto ezingaphansi komhlaba zixhumanisa nezinhlelo ze-alamu yesakhiwo, zinikeza izixwayiso eziqondile kubaphathi bezakhiwo nakubantu abahlala kuzo lapho amanzi ezikhukhula esongela5. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kwezinzwa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngisho noma zicwiliswe kancane, indawo evamile yokwehluleka kobuchwepheshe obungaqinile.
Ukusebenza Ngesikhathi Semicimbi Yesimo Sezulu Esibi Kakhulu
Inethiwekhi yezinzwa ze-piezoresistive yaseSingapore ibonakalise ukubaluleka kwayo ngezikhathi zemvula eningi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sesiphepho sango-2018 esanciphisa cishe imvula engu-160mm emahoreni amane—enye yezimvula ezinamandla kakhulu emlandweni waseSingapore—inethiwekhi yezinzwa yanikeza i-PUB izibuyekezo zamaminithi ngomzuzu ngamazinga amanzi kulo lonke isiqhingi. Le datha yavumela ukuthunyelwa okuqondiwe kwamaqembu okusabela ezikhukhuleni kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi okunembile mayelana nezindawo ezazisengozini enkulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yezinzwa ngemva kwesehlakalo kusize ne-PUB ukuhlonza izithiyo zesistimu yokudonsa amanzi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yesikhathi esizayo. Ikhono lezinzwa ze-piezoresistive lokunikeza izilinganiso ezinembile ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lizenza zibe usizo kakhulu kulolu phenyo lwe-forensic, njengoba zithwebula i-hydrograph ephelele yezehlakalo zezikhukhula ngaphandle kwezikhala zedatha ngesikhathi sokugeleza okuphezulu.
Ukuphathwa Kwedamu Nokugcina Amanzi
Indlela entsha yaseSingapore yokugcina amanzi kanye nokuphathwa kwamachibi incike kakhulu ekuqapheni amazinga amanzi ngendlela enembile, lapho izinzwa ze-piezoresistive zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwalezi zimpahla zamanzi ezibalulekile. Njengedolobha eliyisiqhingi elinemithombo yamanzi yemvelo elinganiselwe, iSingapore ishintshe indawo yayo yasemadolobheni ukuze isebenze njengendawo yokukhongozela amanzi, yakha inethiwekhi ebanzi yamachibi manje aqoqa amanzi avela ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zomhlaba wezwe. Ukuphathwa kwala machibi kudinga idatha enembile, yesikhathi sangempela yamanzi—isidingo esihlangatshezwa kahle ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-piezoresistive.
Ukuqapha Uhlelo Lwedamu LaseMarina
I-Marina Reservoir, indawo yokugcina amanzi enabantu abaningi kakhulu eSingapore, iyisibonelo sokusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinzwa ze-piezoresistive ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezinkulu. Izinzwa eziningi zibekwe ngendlela efanele ekujuleni nasezindaweni ezahlukene kulo lonke ichibi ukuze ziqaphe hhayi nje amazinga amanzi jikelele kodwa nemiphumela yokuhlukanisa kanye nokwehluka kwendawo3. Lezi zilinganiso zibalulekile ezicini eziningana zokusebenza:
- Ukuphathwa Kokunikezwa Kwamanzi: Idatha enembile yamazinga iqinisekisa amazinga amahle okukhipha amanzi agcina ukuphakelwa ngenkathi igwema ukudonswa kwamanzi okungadingekile.
- Ukubanjwa Kwamanzi Emvula: Ngesikhathi sezenzakalo zemvula, izinzwa zisiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kungakanani ukugeleza okwengeziwe okungamuncwa yidamu ngokuphepha.
- Ukulawulwa Kosawoti: E-Marina Barrage, idatha yenzwa yazisa ukusebenza kwesango ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi olwandle ngenkathi ivumela ukukhishwa okufanele.
Izinzwa ze-piezoresistive eMarina Reservoir zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nezimo zamanzi anosawoti lapho amanzi ahlanzekile ehlangana khona nolwandle, ngezinto ezikhethiwe ukumelana nokugqwala kule ndawo eyinselele. Ukwakhiwa kwazo okuqinile kuvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngokunakekelwa okuncane, naphezu kokucwiliswa njalo kanye nokuchayeka emakhemikhali amanzi ahlukahlukene.
Ukuqapha Ithangi Lesitoreji Elihlukaniswe Endaweni Ehlukile
Ngale kwamachibi amakhulu, izinzwa ze-piezoresistive ziqapha amazinga amanzi emathangini amaningi okugcina amanzi aseSingapore—ingqalasizinda ebalulekile yokugcina ingcindezi yamanzi kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi eziphuthumayo kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi yesiqhingi37. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwezinzwa:
- Amathangi Ophahla Lwasemadolobheni: Ezakhiweni eziphakeme, izinzwa ziqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi anele ezitezi eziphezulu ngenkathi zivimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
- Amadamu Esevisi: Lezi zindawo zokugcina izinto eziphakathi nendawo zisebenzisa idatha yezinzwa ukuze zithuthukise amashejuli okupompa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Indawo Yokugcina Izinto Eziphuthumayo: Izimali ezigciniwe ezilungiselelwe isomiso noma izimo zokwehluleka kwengqalasizinda ziqashwe ngokucophelela ukuze zilungele.
I-PUB inezinzwa ze-piezoresistive ezijwayelekile zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo njalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamajiyometri ethangi kanye nekhono lazo lokuxhumana ngqo nezinhlelo ze-SCADA ezizenzakalela inethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi yaseSingapore.
Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze uthole inzwa yamanzi eyengeziwe ulwazi,
sicela uxhumane ne-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
Email: info@hondetech.com
Iwebhusayithi yenkampani:www.hondetechco.com
Ucingo: +86-15210548582
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-27-2025