Ekuqapheni isimo sezulu kanye nokuqapha imvelo, kubalulekile ukuthola idatha enembile nefike ngesikhathi. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, iziteshi zezulu eziningi zisebenzisa izinzwa zedijithali kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa nokudluliselwa kwedatha. Phakathi kwazo, iphrothokholi ye-SDI-12 (Serial Data Interface at 1200 baud) isibe ukukhetha okubalulekile emkhakheni weziteshi zezulu ngenxa yobulula bayo, ukuguquguquka kanye nokusebenza kahle.
1. Izici zephrothokholi ye-SDI-12
I-SDI-12 iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana elandelanayo yezinzwa zamandla aphansi, efanelekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zokuqapha imvelo. Le phrothokholi inezici ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
Umklamo wamandla aphansi: Iphrothokholi ye-SDI-12 ivumela izinzwa ukuthi zingene kwimodi yokulala lapho zingasebenzi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi zifanele amadivayisi asebenzisa ibhethri.
Ukusekelwa kwezinzwa eziningi: Kungaxhunywa izinzwa ezingafika ku-62 ebhasini le-SDI-12, futhi idatha yesenzwa ngayinye ingabonakala ngekheli elihlukile, okwenza ukwakhiwa kwesistimu kube lula.
Kulula ukuhlanganisa: Ukuhlelwa kwephrothokholi ye-SDI-12 kuvumela izinzwa ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ukuthi zisebenze ohlelweni olufanayo, futhi ukuhlanganiswa nomqoqi wedatha kulula kakhulu.
Ukudluliswa kwedatha okuzinzile: I-SDI-12 idlulisa idatha ngamadijithi angu-12-bit, iqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwedatha.
2. Ukwakheka kwesiteshi sezulu esikhipha i-SDI-12
Isiteshi sezulu esisekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-SDI-12 ngokuvamile siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
Inzwa: Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesiteshi sezulu, eqoqa idatha yesimo sezulu ngezinzwa ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zomswakama, izinzwa zesivinini somoya kanye neziqondiso, izinzwa zemvula, njll. Zonke izinzwa zisekela iphrothokholi ye-SDI-12.
Umqoqi wedatha: Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokwamukela idatha yesensa nokuyicubungula. Umqoqi wedatha uthumela izicelo kusensa ngayinye ngephrothokholi ye-SDI-12 bese ethola idatha ebuyisiwe.
Iyunithi yokugcina idatha: Idatha eqoqwe ivame ukugcinwa kudivayisi yokugcina idatha yendawo, njengekhadi le-SD, noma ilayishwe kuseva yamafu ngenethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze igcinwe futhi ihlaziywe isikhathi eside.
Imojuli yokudlulisa idatha: Iziteshi eziningi zesimo sezulu zanamuhla zihlonyiswe ngamamojula okudlulisa angenantambo, njenge-GPRS, i-LoRa noma amamojula e-Wi-Fi, ukuze kube lula ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela epulatifomu yokuqapha ekude.
Ukuphathwa kwamandla: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwesiteshi sezulu, izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo ezifana namaseli elanga namabhethri e-lithium zivame ukusetshenziswa.
3. Izimo zokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zezulu ze-SDI-12
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezikhipha i-SDI-12 zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa:
Ukuqapha isimo sezulu kwezolimo: Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinganikeza idatha yesimo sezulu yesikhathi sangempela yokukhiqiza kwezolimo futhi zisize abalimi benze izinqumo zesayensi.
Ukuqapha imvelo: Ekuqapheni imvelo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, iziteshi zezulu zingasiza ekuqapheni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomoya.
Ukuqapha amanzi: Iziteshi zezulu ezisebenzisa amanzi zingaqapha imvula kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi, zinikeze ukwesekwa kwedatha yokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuvimbela izikhukhula kanye nokunciphisa izinhlekelele.
Ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu: Izikhungo zocwaningo zisebenzisa iziteshi zesimo sezulu ze-SDI-12 ukuqoqa idatha yesimo sezulu yesikhathi eside nokwenza ucwaningo lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
4. Amacala angempela
Icala 1: Isiteshi sokuqapha isimo sezulu sezolimo eShayina
Endaweni yezolimo eShayina, kwakhiwa uhlelo lokuqapha isimo sezulu kwezolimo kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-SDI-12. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqapha izimo zesimo sezulu ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Isiteshi sezulu sihlonyiswe ngezinzwa ezahlukahlukene ezifana nokushisa, umswakama, isivinini somoya, imvula, njll., ezixhunywe kumqoqi wedatha ngephrothokholi ye-SDI-12.
Umphumela wokusetshenziswa: Ngesikhathi esibucayi sokukhula kwezitshalo, abalimi bangathola idatha yesimo sezulu ngesikhathi sangempela futhi banisele futhi bavundise ngesikhathi. Lolu hlelo luthuthukise kakhulu isivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi, kanti imali engenayo yabalimi ikhuphuke cishe ngo-20%. Ngokuhlaziya idatha, abalimi bangahlela kangcono imisebenzi yezolimo futhi banciphise ukuchithwa kwezinsizakusebenza.
Icala 2: Iphrojekthi Yokuqapha Imvelo Yasemadolobheni
Edolobheni lasePhilippines, uhulumeni wendawo wasebenzisa uchungechunge lweziteshi zesimo sezulu ze-SDI-12 ukuze kuqashwe imvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya kanye nezimo zezulu. Lezi ziteshi zesimo sezulu zinemisebenzi elandelayo:
Izinzwa ziqapha imingcele yemvelo efana nokushisa, umswakama, isivinini somoya, i-PM2.5, i-PM10, njll.
Idatha idluliselwa esikhungweni sokuqapha imvelo sedolobha ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-SDI-12.
Umphumela Wokusebenza: Ngokuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha, abaphathi bedolobha bangathatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokubhekana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nomswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izakhamizi zingathola futhi ulwazi lwezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomoya oluseduze ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zefoni ephathekayo, ukuze zilungise izinhlelo zazo zokuhamba ngesikhathi futhi zivikele impilo yazo.
Icala 3: Uhlelo Lokuqapha Amanzi
Kuphrojekthi yokuqapha amanzi esigodini somfula, inqubo ye-SDI-12 isetshenziselwa ukuphatha nokuqapha ukugeleza komfula, imvula kanye nomswakama womhlabathi. Le phrojekthi yasungula iziteshi eziningi zesimo sezulu zokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ezindaweni ezahlukene zokulinganisa.
Umphumela wokusebenza: Ithimba lephrojekthi likwazile ukubikezela izingozi zezikhukhula ngokuhlaziya le datha nokukhipha izixwayiso kusenesikhathi emiphakathini eseduze. Ngokusebenzisana nohulumeni basekhaya, uhlelo lunciphise ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okubangelwa yizikhukhula futhi lwathuthukisa ikhono lokuphatha imithombo yamanzi.
Isiphetho
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-SDI-12 eziteshini zesimo sezulu sekuvame kakhulu. Umklamo wayo wamandla aphansi, ukwesekwa kwama-sensor amaningi kanye nezici zokudlulisa idatha ezizinzile kunikeza imibono nezixazululo ezintsha zokuqapha isimo sezulu. Esikhathini esizayo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezisekelwe ku-SDI-12 zizoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa nokunikeza ukwesekwa okunembile nokuthembekile kokuqapha isimo sezulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2025