Njengoba imboni yezolimo zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke iqhubeka nokukhula, amamodeli ezolimo endabuko abhekene nezinselelo eziningi okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi okungasebenzi kahle, ukuqapha okungalungile kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe, kanye nezingozi eziphezulu zezolimo. Kulesi simo, kuye kwavela izinzwa ze-oxygen encibilikisiwe ezisekelwe ezimisweni ze-optical, kancane kancane zithatha indawo yezinzwa ze-electrochemical zendabuko ngezinzuzo zazo zokunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, zibe yimishini ebalulekile ebalulekile ekudobeni kwesimanje okuhlakaniphile. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kokuthi izinzwa ze-oxygen encibilikisiwe ezibhekana kanjani namaphuzu abuhlungu embonini ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, zibonisa ukusebenza kwazo okuvelele ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo kanye nokunciphisa izingozi ngamacala asebenzayo, futhi zihlola amathuba abanzi alobu buchwepheshe ekukhuthazeni ukuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile kwezolimo zasemanzini.
Amaphuzu Obuhlungu Embonini: Ukulinganiselwa Kwezindlela Zokuqapha I-Oxygen Ezincibilikisiwe Zendabuko
Imboni yezolimo zasemanzini ibilokhu ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ekuqapheni umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, okuthinta ngqo impumelelo yezolimo kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho. Kumamodeli ezolimo endabuko, abalimi bavame ukuthembela ekuhlolweni kwamachibi ngesandla kanye nolwazi ukuze bahlole amazinga e-oxygen encibilikisiwe emanzini, indlela engagcini nje ngokusebenza kahle kodwa futhi ehlushwa ukubambezeleka okukhulu. Abalimi abanolwazi bangase bahlulele izimo ze-hypoxia ngokungaqondile ngokubuka ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi noma izinguquko emaphethini okudla, kodwa ngesikhathi lezi zimpawu zivela, ukulahlekelwa okungenakuguqulwa sekuvele sekuvele kwenzeka. Izibalo zemboni zibonisa ukuthi emapulazini endabuko angenazo izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile, ukufa kwezinhlanzi ngenxa ye-hypoxia kungafinyelela phezulu ku-5%.
Izinzwa ze-oxygen ezincibilikisiwe nge-electrochemical, njengabamele ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha besizukulwane esidlule, zithuthukise ukunemba kokuqapha ngezinga elithile kodwa zisenemikhawulo eminingi. Lezi zinzwa zidinga ukushintshwa njalo kwe-membrane kanye ne-electrolyte, okuholela ezindleleni eziphezulu zokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinezidingo eziqinile zejubane lokugeleza kwamanzi, futhi izilinganiso emanzini angaguquki zivame ukuphambuka. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izinzwa ze-electrochemical zithola ukuzulazula kwesignali ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukulinganiswa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha, okubeka umthwalo owengeziwe ekuphathweni kwepulazi nsuku zonke.
Izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi ezizumayo “ziyimbulali ezingabonakali” ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, futhi ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe kuvame ukuba yizimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ngesikhathi sezinkathi ezishisayo noma izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezizumayo, amazinga e-oxygen encibilikisiwe emanzini angehla kakhulu esikhathini esifushane, okwenza kube nzima ngezindlela zokuqapha zendabuko ukuthola lezi zinguquko ngesikhathi. Icala elijwayelekile lenzeke eBaitan Lake Aquaculture Base eHuanggang City, eSifundazweni saseHubei: ngenxa yokwehluleka ukubona ngokushesha amazinga e-oxygen encibilikisiwe angajwayelekile, isenzakalo esingazelelwe se-hypoxia sabangela ukulahlekelwa okucishe kube okuphelele kumahektare amaningi echibini lezinhlanzi, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni okuqondile komnotho okungaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa sama-yuan. Izehlakalo ezifanayo zenzeka njalo ezweni lonke, ziqokomisa ukushiyeka kwezindlela zokuqapha i-oxygen encibilikisiwe zendabuko.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe bokuqapha i-oxygen encibilikisiwe akuseyona nje into yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo kodwa futhi kumayelana nentuthuko esimeme yemboni yonke. Njengoba ubuningi bezolimo buqhubeka nokukhula kanye nezidingo zemvelo ziba nzima, isidingo semboni sobuchwepheshe bokuqapha i-oxygen encibilikisiwe obunembile, obusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi obunganakekelwa kahle siya ngokuya siphuthuma. Kungalesi simo lapho izinzwa ze-oxygen encibilikisiwe ezibonakalayo, ngezinzuzo zazo zobuchwepheshe ezihlukile, ziye zangena kancane kancane emkhakheni wombono wemboni yezolimo zasemanzini futhi zaqala ukwakha kabusha indlela yemboni yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi.
Ukuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe: Izimiso Zokusebenza kanye Nezinzuzo Ezibalulekile Zezinzwa Zokubona
Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bezinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen busekelwe kusimiso sokucinywa kwe-fluorescence, indlela entsha yokulinganisa eguqule ngokuphelele ukuqapha kwe-oxygen dissolved okuvamile. Lapho ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhishwa yi-sensor kukhanyisa into ekhethekile ye-fluorescent, into iyavuselelwa futhi ikhiphe ukukhanya okubomvu. Ama-molecule e-oxygen anekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuthwala amandla (okukhiqiza umphumela wokucima), ngakho-ke ubukhali nobude bokukhanya okubomvu okukhishwayo kuhambelana ngokuphambene nokuhlushwa kwama-molecule e-oxygen emanzini. Ngokulinganisa ngokunembile umehluko wesigaba phakathi kokukhanya okubomvu okuvuselelwe kanye nokukhanya okubhekiselwe kukho nokuqhathanisa namanani okulinganisa angaphakathi, i-sensor ingakwazi ukubala ngokunembile ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe emanzini. Le nqubo ebonakalayo ayibandakanyi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, igwema izinkinga eziningi zezindlela zendabuko ze-electrochemical.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa zendabuko ze-electrochemical, izinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen zibonisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe eziphelele. Esokuqala yisici sazo sokungadli umoya-mpilo, okusho ukuthi azinazo izidingo ezikhethekile zejubane lokugeleza kwamanzi noma ukushukuma, okwenza zifanelekele izindawo ezahlukene zokulima—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amachibi anganyakazi noma amathangi agelezayo anganikeza imiphumela yokulinganisa enembile. Esesibili ukusebenza kwazo okuvelele kokulinganisa: isizukulwane sakamuva sezinzwa ze-optical singafinyelela izikhathi zokuphendula ezingaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-30 kanye nokunemba okungu-±0.1 mg/L, okuzivumela ukuthi zibambe izinguquko ezincane kumoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinzwa zivame ukuba nomklamo wokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi abanzi (DC 10-30V) futhi zihlonyiswe ngezixhumi zokuxhumana ze-RS485 ezisekela iphrothokholi ye-MODBUS RTU, okwenza kube lula ukuzihlanganisa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokuqapha.
Ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokugcinwa kungenye yezici ezithandwa kakhulu zezinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen phakathi kwabalimi. Izinzwa ze-electrochemical zendabuko zidinga ukushintshwa njalo kwe-membrane kanye ne-electrolyte, kuyilapho izinzwa ze-optical ziqeda ngokuphelele lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo, impilo yesevisi engaphezu konyaka owodwa, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokugcinwa kwansuku zonke kanye nomsebenzi womsebenzi. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wesisekelo esikhulu se-aquaculture esijikelezayo eShandong waphawula: “Selokhu sishintshela kuzinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen, abasebenzi bethu bokulungisa bonge cishe amahora angama-20 ngenyanga ekugcinweni kwezinzwa, futhi ukuzinza kwedatha kuthuthuke kakhulu. Akusadingeki sikhathazeke ngama-alamu angamanga abangelwa ukukhukhuleka kwezinzwa.”
Ngokuphathelene nomklamo wehadiwe, izinzwa ze-oksijini ezincibilikisiwe zesimanje nazo zicabangela ngokugcwele izici ezihlukile zezindawo zokufuya izilwane zasemanzini. Izivalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu lokuvikela (ngokuvamile ezifinyelela ku-IP68) zivimbela ngokuphelele ukungena kwamanzi, kanti phansi kwenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316, okunikeza ukumelana kwesikhathi eside nosawoti kanye nokugqwala kwe-alkali. Izinzwa zivame ukuhlonyiswa ngezixhumi ze-NPT3/4 ezinezintambo ukuze kube lula ukuzifaka nokulungisa, kanye nokufakwa kwamapayipi angangeni manzi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuqapha ekujuleni okuhlukene. Le mininingwane yokuklama iqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuqina kwezinzwa ezindaweni zokulima eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ukwengezwa kwemisebenzi ehlakaniphile kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen. Amamodeli amaningi amasha afaka ama-transmitter okushisa akhelwe ngaphakathi ane-othomathikhi yokushisa, okunciphisa ngempumelelo amaphutha okulinganisa abangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokushisa kwamanzi. Eminye imikhiqizo ephezulu ingadlulisela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela nge-Bluetooth noma i-Wi-Fi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula noma amapulatifomu amafu, okuvumela ukuqapha okude kanye nemibuzo yedatha yomlando. Lapho amazinga e-oksijini encibilikisiwe edlula amazinga aphephile, uhlelo luthumela ngokushesha izexwayiso ngezaziso zeselula, imiyalezo yombhalo, noma izimpendulo zezwi. Le nethiwekhi yokuqapha ehlakaniphile ivumela abalimi ukuthi bahlale benolwazi mayelana nezimo zekhwalithi yamanzi futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi esifanele, ngisho nalapho bengekho endaweni.
Lokhu kuthuthuka okuthuthukayo kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-oxygen ezincibilikisiwe akugcini nje ngokubhekana nezinkinga zezindlela zokuqapha zendabuko kodwa futhi kuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha okuthembekile kokuphathwa okucwengekile kokufuywa kwezinhlanzi, okusebenza njengezinsika ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yemboni ekuqondeni ubuhlakani nokunemba.
Imiphumela Yokusetshenziswa: Indlela Izinzwa Zokubona Ezithuthukisa Ngayo Ukusebenza Kahle Kokulima
Izinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen zifinyelele imiphumela emangalisayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo zasemanzini okusebenzayo, kanti inani lazo liqinisekiswe ezicini eziningi, kusukela ekuvimbeleni ukufa kwabantu abaningi kuya ekwandeni kwesivuno kanye nekhwalithi. Icala elimele kakhulu yiBaitan Lake Aquaculture Base eHuangzhou District, eHuanggang City, eHubei Province, lapho kufakwe khona izihloli eziyisishiyagalombili ezingama-360-degree all-weather kanye nezinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen, ezimboze amahektha angu-2,000 obuso bamanzi emachibini ezinhlanzi angu-56. Uchwepheshe uCao Jian uchaze: “Ngedatha yokuqapha yesikhathi sangempela ezikrinini ze-elekthronikhi, singathola ngokushesha ukukhubazeka. Isibonelo, lapho izinga le-oxygen dissolved eMonitoring Point 1 libonisa u-1.07 mg/L, yize ulwazi lungase lusikisele ukuthi kuyinkinga yokuhlola, sisazisa abalimi ngokushesha ukuthi bahlole, siqinisekise ukuphepha okuphelele.” Le ndlela yokuqapha yesikhathi sangempela isize isisekelo ukugwema ngempumelelo izingozi eziningi zokushintshana kwamachibi ezibangelwa yi-hypoxia. Umdobi oqavile uLiu Yuming waphawula: “Esikhathini esidlule, besikhathazeka nge-hypoxia noma nini lapho lina futhi singakwazi ukulala kahle ebusuku. Manje, ngala 'mehlo e-elekthronikhi,' ochwepheshe basazisa nganoma yiluphi ulwazi olungajwayelekile, okusivumela ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha kusenesikhathi.”
Ezimweni zokulima ezinabantu abaningi, izinzwa ze-optical dislived oxygen zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ucwaningo oluvela e-“Future Farm” digital ecological fish warehouse eHuzhou, eZhejiang, lubonisa ukuthi ethangini elingamamitha-skwele angu-28 eliphethe cishe ama-jin angu-3,000 e-California bass (cishe izinhlanzi ezingu-6,000)—okulingana nobuningi be-stocking be-acre eyodwa emachibini endabuko—ukuphathwa kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe kuba yinselele eyinhloko. Ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinzwa ze-optical kanye nezinhlelo zomoya ezihlakaniphile ezihlanganisiwe, i-fish warehouse yanciphisa ngempumelelo ukufa kwezinhlanzi eziphezu kwamanzi kusukela ku-5% esikhathini esidlule kuya ku-0.1%, ngenkathi ifinyelela ukwanda okungu-10%-20% kwesivuno ngo-mu. Uchwepheshe wezolimo uChen Yunxiang uthe: “Ngaphandle kwedatha eqondile ye-oxygen encibilikisiwe, besingeke sizame ubuningi obukhulu kangaka be-stocking.”
Izinhlelo Zokulima Izinhlanzi Eziphindaphindayo (i-RAS) zingenye indawo ebalulekile lapho izinzwa ze-oksijini ezincibilikisiwe ezibonakalayo zibonisa khona inani lazo. I-"Blue Seed Industry Silicon Valley" eLaizhou Bay, eShandong, yakhe indawo yokusebenzela ye-RAS engamahektare angu-768 enamathangi okulima angu-96 akhiqiza amathani angu-300 ezinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu minyaka yonke, isebenzisa amanzi angaphansi ngo-95% kunezindlela zendabuko. Isikhungo sokulawula sedijithali salolu hlelo sisebenzisa izinzwa ze-optical ukuqapha i-pH, i-oksijini encibilikisiwe, usawoti, nezinye izinkomba ethangini ngalinye ngesikhathi sangempela, zenza kube lula ukuphefumula lapho i-oksijini encibilikisiwe iwela ngaphansi kuka-6 mg/L. Umholi wephrojekthi uchaze: "Izinhlobo ezifana ne-leopard coral groupers zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwe-oksijini encibilikisiwe, okwenza kube nzima ngezindlela zendabuko ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo zokulima. Ukuqapha okunembile kwezinzwa ze-optical kuqinisekisile intuthuko yethu ekuzaleni okuphelele kokwenziwa." Ngokufanayo, isisekelo se-aquaculture eGobi Desert yase-Aksu, eXinjiang, siphumelele ekutshaleni ukudla kwasolwandle okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaphakathi ezweni, kude nolwandle, sakha isimangaliso "sokudla kwasolwandle okuvela ehlane", konke lokhu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-optical.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen sensors nakho kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle komnotho. ULiu Yuming, umlimi eBaitan Lake base eHuanggang, ubike ukuthi ngemuva kokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlakaniphile, amachibi akhe ezinhlanzi angamahektare angu-24.8 akhiqize ama-jin angaphezu kuka-40,000, okungaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu kunonyaka odlule. Ngokwezibalo ezivela ebhizinisini elikhulu lezokufuya eShandong, isu eliqondile lokungenisa umoya eliqondiswa izinzwa ze-optical linciphise izindleko zikagesi zokungenisa umoya cishe ngo-30% ngenkathi lithuthukisa amazinga okuguqulwa kokudla ngo-15%, okuholele ekunciphiseni izindleko zokukhiqiza zizonke ngama-yuan angu-800-1,000 ngethani lezinhlanzi.
Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2025