Njengoba ukwanda kokuntuleka kwamanzi kanye nokukhathazeka okukhulayo ngokungcola kwamanzi, ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi sebube yithuluzi eliyinhloko ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Phakathi kwalezi zobuchwepheshe, inzwa ye-nitrite—idivayisi yokuthola enembile kakhulu, ngesikhathi sangempela—idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi. I-Nitrite (NO₂⁻) iyinto evamile yokungcola emanzini, ikakhulukazi evela emanzini angcolile ezimbonini, amanzi agelezayo ezolimo, kanye nendle yasekhaya. Amazinga aphezulu angaholela ekukhuleni kwe-eutrophication futhi abeke ngisho nezinsongo empilweni yabantu. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nemiphumela engokoqobo yale nzwa ngokujulile.
1. Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile Kamasipala: Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Nokuqinisekisa Ukuthobela Imithetho
Ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka zikamasipala, izinzwa ze-nitrite zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqapheni inqubo. Ngokulinganisa amazinga e-nitrite emathangini omoya kanye namayunithi okusabela kwe-anaerobic/aerobic ngesikhathi sangempela, opharetha bangalawula ngokunembile amazinga omoya kanye nomthamo we-carbon source ukuze bathuthukise inqubo ye-denitrification. Isibonelo, ezinqubweni ze-nitrification-denitrification, ukwakheka kwe-nitrite kungavimbela umsebenzi we-microbial, futhi izinzwa zinikeza izixwayiso zakuqala ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
Imiphumela:
- Kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-denitrification, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
- Iqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-nitrite angcolile ahambisana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokukhishwa kwamanzi (isib. GB 18918-2002).
- Kunciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nokuthola amasampula ngesandla kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelebhu, okuvumela ukusebenza nokugcinwa okuhlakaniphile.
2. Ukufuya Izinhlanzi: Ukuvimbela Izifo Nokuqinisekisa Ukuphepha
Emachibini okufuywa kwezinhlanzi, i-nitrite iwumkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo ekuguqulweni kwe-ammonia nitrogen. Ukugxila okuphezulu kungabangela izinhlanzi ukuthi zihlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ukuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba, ngisho nokufa kwabantu abaningi. Izinzwa ze-nitrite zingafakwa ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ezisekelwe ku-IoT ukuze zilandelele njalo izimo zamanzi futhi zithumele izexwayiso ngamadivayisi eselula.
Imiphumela:
- Inikeza izixwayiso zesikhathi sangempela zamazinga e-nitrite ngokweqile, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi njengokushintsha kwamanzi noma ukuphefumula.
- Kunciphisa ingozi yezifo zezinhlanzi, kuthuthukisa amazinga okusinda kanye nesivuno.
- Ikhuthaza ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi ngokunemba, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini.
3. Ukuqapha Imithombo Yamanzi Okuphuza: Ukuvikela Imithombo Nempilo Yomphakathi
Ukuqapha amazinga e-nitrite emithonjeni yamanzi okuphuza (isb., amadamu okugcina amanzi, imifula) kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela ukuphepha kwempilo yomphakathi. Izinzwa zingafakwa eziteshini zokuqapha ezizenzakalelayo ukuze kwenziwe ukuqapha imithombo yamanzi amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Uma kutholakala amazinga angajwayelekile (isb., ngenxa yokungcola kwezolimo noma izingozi zezimboni), uhlelo luqala ngokushesha impendulo ephuthumayo.
Imiphumela:
- Ivumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezehlakalo zokungcola, ivimbele amanzi angcolile ukuthi angangeni kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa.
- Usekela iziphathimandla zamanzi ekwenzeni izinqumo ezisheshayo nasekuqaliseni izinyathelo zokuhlanza.
- Ihambisana “neZinga Elijwayelekile Lokuhlanzeka Kwamanzi Okuphuza” (GB 5749-2022), okuthuthukisa ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
4. Ukuqapha Amanzi Angcolile Ezimbonini: Ukulawulwa Kokungcola Okunembile kanye Nokukhiqizwa Okuluhlaza
Amanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini ezifana nokufaka i-electroplating, ukuphrinta, ukudaya, kanye nokucubungula ukudla ngokuvamile aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-nitrite. Izinzwa zingasetshenziswa ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ezindaweni zokukhipha amanzi ebhizinisini noma ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile epaki lezimboni, ngedatha exhunywe kumapulatifomu ezinhlangano zokuvikela imvelo.
Imiphumela:
- Kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi afinyelele ukuphathwa okucwengekile kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, agweme ukukhishwa kwamanzi okungalandeli imithetho.
- Isekela ukuqiniswa komthetho wezemvelo ngokunikeza ubufakazi bedatha obungaphazanyiswa ngokumelene nokukhishwa kwempahla ngokungemthetho.
- Kukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, okunegalelo emigomweni yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
5. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi Nokuqapha Imvelo: Ukwembula Amaphethini Nokuvikela Izinhlelo Zemvelo
Ezindaweni ezizwela kakhulu imvelo njengamachibi nezimila, abacwaningi basebenzisa izinzwa ze-nitrite ukulandelela izinqubo zokujikeleza kwe-nitrogen nokuhlaziya izimbangela ze-eutrophication. Idatha yokuqapha yesikhathi eside iyasiza futhi ekuhloleni ukusebenza kahle kwamaphrojekthi emvelo njengokubuyiselwa kwezindawo ezimanzi kanye nokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi.
Imiphumela:
- Kujulisa ukuqonda kwesayensi ngezindlela zokujikeleza kwe-nitrogen emanzini.
- Ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha yokuphathwa kwemvelo, ithuthukise amasu okuvikela imvelo.
- Kuthuthukisa amakhono okubikezela mayelana noshintsho lwekhwalithi yamanzi kumongo wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Isiphetho: Ubuchwepheshe Obunika Amandla Ikusasa Lokuphathwa Kwemvelo Yamanzi
Ngezinzuzo ezifana nokuzwela okuphezulu, impendulo esheshayo, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, izinzwa ze-nitrite seziba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphathweni kwemvelo yamanzi. Kusukela emadolobheni kuya ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kuya empilweni yansuku zonke, ziqapha buthule ukuphepha kwawo wonke amaconsi amanzi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa buhlangana ngokwengeziwe nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-big data, ikusasa lithembisa amanethiwekhi ezexwayiso zekhwalithi yamanzi ahlakaniphile futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu, okuqhuba umfutho wezobuchwepheshe wentuthuko esimeme.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-22-2025