Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke likhula futhi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka, ezolimo zibhekene nezinselelo ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno sezitshalo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ezinembile buthuthuka ngokushesha. Phakathi kwazo, inzwa yomhlabathi, njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bezolimo ezinembile, ihola inguquko ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo. Muva nje, izinzwa zomhlabathi ezintsha eziningana zidonsele ukunaka okukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo, futhi lezi zinzwa sezibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuphathwa kwezolimo kwanamuhla ngezici zazo ezinembile, zesikhathi sangempela nezihlakaniphile.
Izinhlobo zezinzwa zomhlabathi kanye nezimiso zazo zokusebenza ezithile:
1. Inzwa yomswakama wenhlabathi
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Inzwa yomswakama wenhlabathi enamandla: Le sensor isebenzisa izinguquko ku-dielectric constant yenhlabathi ukukala umswakama. Okuqukethwe komswakama enhlabathini kuzothinta i-dielectric constant yayo, futhi lapho umswakama wenhlabathi ushintsha, inani le-capacitance yenzwa nalo lizoshintsha. Ngokulinganisa ushintsho ku-capacitance, umswakama wenhlabathi ungatholakala.
Inzwa yomswakama wenhlabathi ephikisayo: Le nzwa ilinganisa umswakama ngokulinganisa inani lokumelana kwenhlabathi. Uma okuqukethwe umswakama kuphezulu enhlabathini, inani lokumelana liyancipha. Umswakama wenhlabathi unqunywa ngokufaka ama-electrode amabili kunzwa bese ulinganisa inani lokumelana phakathi kwama-electrode.
I-Time domain reflectometry (TDR) kanye ne-frequency domain reflectometry (FDR): Lezi zindlela zinquma umswakama wenhlabathi ngokukhipha amaza kagesi kanye nokukala isikhathi sokuhamba kwawo enhlabathini. I-TDR ikala isikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwegagasi le-electromagnetic, kuyilapho i-FDR ikala ukushintsha kwemvamisa kwegagasi le-electromagnetic.
2. Inzwa yokushisa kwenhlabathi
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Izinzwa zokushisa kwenhlabathi zivame ukusebenzisa ama-thermistors noma ama-thermocouple njengezinto zokuzwa ukushisa. Inani lokumelana le-thermistor liyashintsha ngokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lenhlabathi lingabalwa ngokulinganisa ushintsho enanini lokumelana. Ama-thermocouple alinganisa izinga lokushisa esebenzisa amandla e-electromotive omehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili ezahlukene.
3. Inzwa yezakhamzimba zomhlabathi
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Inzwa ye-electrochemical: Le nzwa ithola okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ngokulinganisa umsebenzi we-electrochemical wama-ion enhlabathini. Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-nitrate zinganquma inani le-nitrogen enhlabathini ngokulinganisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kwama-ion e-nitrate.
Izinzwa zokubona: Sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-spectral ukuthola okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ngokulinganisa ukumuncwa noma ukubonakaliswa kwamaza athile okukhanya enhlabathini. Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-spectroscopy eziseduze kwe-infrared (NIR) zingahlaziya okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali enhlabathini.
I-electrode ekhetha i-ion (ISE): Le sensor inquma ukuhlushwa kwe-ion ethile ngokulinganisa umehluko wayo ongaba khona. Isibonelo, ama-electrode akhetha i-potassium ion angalinganisa ukuhlushwa kwama-ion e-potassium enhlabathini.
4. Inzwa ye-pH yomhlabathi
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Izinzwa ze-pH yomhlabathi zivame ukusebenzisa ama-electrode engilazi noma ama-electrode e-metal oxide. I-electrode yengilazi inquma i-pH ngokulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwama-ion e-hydrogen (H +). Ama-electrode e-metal oxide asebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwama-oxide ensimbi nama-ion e-hydrogen ukukala inani le-pH.
Lezi zinzwa zilinganisa umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwama-electrode ngokuxhumana nesisombululo senhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinquma i-pH yenhlabathi.
5. Inzwa yokuqhuba
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Izinzwa zokuqhuba zinquma okuqukethwe usawoti kwesisombululo senhlabathi ngokulinganisa ikhono laso lokuqhuba ugesi. Uma ukugcwala kwama-ion kuphezulu esixazululweni senhlabathi, kulapho ukuqhubela kuphakeme khona. Inzwa ibala inani lokuqhuba ngokusebenzisa i-voltage phakathi kwama-electrode amabili bese ilinganisa usayizi wamandla kagesi.
6. Inzwa ye-REDOX (ORP)
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Izinzwa ze-ORP zilinganisa amandla e-REDOX enhlabathi futhi zibonisa isimo se-REDOX senhlabathi. Inzwa inquma i-ORP ngokulinganisa umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwe-electrode yeplatinum kanye ne-electrode yokubhekisela. Amanani e-ORP angabonisa ukuba khona kwezinto ezikhipha i-oxidizing noma ezinciphisayo enhlabathini.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza
Ezolimo ezinembile: Izinzwa zenhlabathi zingaqapha imingcele ehlukahlukene yenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, zisize abalimi ngokunisela ngokunembile, umanyolo kanye nokuphathwa kwenhlabathi ukuthuthukisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yesivuno.
Ukuqapha imvelo: Emisebenzini yokuvuselela imvelo kanye nokuvikela imvelo, izinzwa zenhlabathi zingaqapha impilo yenhlabathi, zihlole izinga lokungcola kanye nokusebenza kahle kokulungiswa kwayo.
Ukulima imifino emadolobheni: Ekukhuleni imifino emadolobheni nasekuphathweni kwengadi, izinzwa zingaqapha umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kwezitshalo.
Ukuqapha okunembile: Izimo zenhlabathi ziyalawulwa
Izinzwa zomhlabathi zingaqapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zemingcele yomhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, okuhlanganisa umswakama, izinga lokushisa, okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba (njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, njll.) kanye nenani le-pH. Le datha ibalulekile kubalimi ngoba ithinta ngqo ukukhula kanye nesivuno sezitshalo. Izindlela zokuthola inhlabathi zendabuko zivame ukudinga ukusampula ngesandla kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri, okungagcini nje ngokuthatha isikhathi kodwa futhi okwehluleka ukunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela. Inzwa yomhlabathi entsha iyakwazi ukuqapha njalo isimo senhlabathi amahora angama-24 ngosuku futhi idlulisele idatha ku-smartphone yomlimi noma ipulatifomu yokuphatha ezolimo.
Isibonelo, ipulazi elikhulu emaphethelweni aseNingizimu Korea lisanda kufaka izinzwa eziningi zomhlabathi. Umlimi uLi uthe, “Ngaphambilini, besingathembela kokuhlangenwe nakho kuphela ukuze sahlulele ukuthi kufanele sinisele nini futhi sivundise, kodwa manje ngalezi zinzwa, singenza izinqumo zesayensi ezengeziwe ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela.” Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo, kodwa futhi konga amanzi nomanyolo.”
Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile: itshe eliyisisekelo lezolimo ezinembile
Umsebenzi ohlakaniphile wenzwa yomhlabathi ungenye yezinto ezivelele. Uma ihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-Internet of Things (IoT), izinzwa zingadlulisela idatha eqoqwe ngesikhathi sangempela epulatifomu yamafu ukuze ihlaziywe futhi icutshungulwe. Abalimi bangaqapha kude izimo zomhlabathi ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula noma ipulatifomu yekhompyutha, futhi basebenzise imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwedatha ukuze banisele futhi bavundise ngokunembile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinzwa zenhlabathi ezithuthukisiwe zinemisebenzi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, lapho inzwa ithola ukuthi umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi kwenani elibekiwe, uhlelo lokunisela lungaqala ukunisela ngokuzenzakalelayo; Uma okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba kunganele, inani elifanele lomanyolo lingakhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Le ndlela yokuphatha okuzenzakalelayo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wezolimo, kodwa futhi inciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla futhi inciphise izindleko zabasebenzi.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo: isiqinisekiso sentuthuko esimeme
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zenhlabathi akusizi nje kuphela ekuthuthukiseni isivuno sezitshalo, kodwa futhi kunokubaluleka okubalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Ngokuqapha okunembile kanye nokuphathwa kwesayensi, abalimi bangagwema umanyolo omningi kanye nokunisela, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukusetshenziswa komanyolo namanzi, futhi banciphise ukungcola kwenhlabathi kanye nemithombo yamanzi.
Isibonelo, kwamanye amazwe athuthukile, izinzwa zomhlabathi zisetshenziswe kabanzi kwezolimo eziphilayo kanye nezemvelo. Ngokuphathwa kwesayensi, la mapulazi awathuthukisi nje kuphela ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno semikhiqizo yezolimo, kodwa futhi avikela nemvelo futhi afeze intuthuko esimeme.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezibanzi
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zenhlabathi zibanzi kakhulu, azigcini nje ngokukhawulelwa ezitshalweni zasensimini, kodwa futhi zifaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezigcina ukushisa, izivande zezithelo, izivini, njll. Ekulima kwezitshalo ezigcina ukushisa, izinzwa zingasiza abalimi ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokutholakala kwezakhamzimba, okudala indawo engcono kakhulu yokukhula. Ezivandeni zezithelo nasezivini, izinzwa zingaqapha i-pH yenhlabathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba, zisize abalimi ngokuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi ngokwesayensi kanye nokufaka umanyolo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzwa zomhlabathi zingasetshenziswa nasekutshalweni kwezitshalo zasemadolobheni, ukuphathwa kwengadi kanye nokuvuselelwa kwemvelo. Ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zasemadolobheni, isibonelo, izinzwa zingasiza abaphathi ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezitshalo okunempilo.
Umbono wesikhathi esizayo
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinzwa zomhlabathi zizoba ezihlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Esikhathini esizayo, izinzwa zingase zihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa (AI) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuphathwa okuzenzakalelayo okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusekelwa kwezinqumo. Isibonelo, izinhlelo ze-AI zingabikezela umkhuba wokukhula kwezitshalo ngokusekelwe kudatha yomhlabathi kanye nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu, futhi zinikeze uhlelo lokutshala olungcono kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zezinzwa zomhlabathi nazo ziyehla, okwenza zisetshenziswe kabanzi emazweni asathuthuka nasemapulazini amancane. Ngokusakazwa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembile, izinzwa zomhlabathi zizoba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwezolimo kwanamuhla, okuhlinzeka ngesiqinisekiso esibalulekile sentuthuko esimeme yezolimo zomhlaba wonke.
Isiphetho
Ukuvela kwezinzwa zomhlabathi kuphawula izinga elisha lobuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembile. Akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nesivuno somkhiqizo wezolimo, kodwa futhi kunikeza izixazululo ezintsha zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezimo zokusetshenziswa, izinzwa zomhlabathi zizodlala indima enkulu esikhathini esizayo, zilethe ukulula kanye nokuphepha okwengeziwe ekukhiqizweni nasekuphileni kwethu kwezolimo.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwenzwa yomhlabathi,
sicela uxhumane ne-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-16-2025