Njengesikhungo esibalulekile sokuhlola isimo sezulu nokucwaninga, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni nasekubikezeleni isimo sezulu, ukufunda ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuvikela ezolimo kanye nokuthuthukisa umnotho. Leli phepha lizoxoxa ngomsebenzi oyisisekelo, ukwakheka, indlela yokusebenza kwesiteshi sezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaso kanye nokubaluleka ekusebenzeni.
1. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yeziteshi zesimo sezulu
Umsebenzi omkhulu wesiteshi sesimo sezulu ukuqoqa, ukuqopha kanye nokuhlaziya idatha ehlobene nesimo sezulu. Le datha ihlanganisa, kodwa ayikhawulelwe kokuthi:
Izinga lokushisa: Irekhoda izinguquko emoyeni nangaphezulu.
Umswakamo: Ikala inani lomhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni futhi ithinte izinguquko zesimo sezulu.
Ingcindezi ye-Barometric: Igada izinguquko kungcindezi yasemkhathini ukusiza ukubikezela ukunyakaza kwezinhlelo zesimo sezulu.
Imvula: Ukurekhoda inani namandla emvula kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuchelela kwezolimo.
Isivinini somoya nendawo oya kuyo: Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziqoqa le datha ngama-anemometer nama-vanes omoya ukusiza ukuhlaziya imiphumela yomoya, ikakhulukazi ekubikezelweni kwezishingishane neziphepho.
2. Ukubunjwa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu sivamise ukuba nezingxenye ezilandelayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesimo sezulu esibanzi:
Izinzwa: Amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukukala izici ezihlukahlukene zezulu, njengezinzwa zezinga lokushisa, ama-humidity probe, amamitha emvula, njll.
Irekhoda: Idivayisi yokugcina idatha erekhoda ulwazi oluqoqwe inzwa.
Isistimu yokuxhumana: Idatha eqoqiwe idluliselwa esikhungweni sezezulu noma isizindalwazi ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuhlaziywe okulandelayo.
Imishini yamandla: Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesiteshi sezulu, iziteshi eziningi zesimo sezulu zanamuhla zisebenzisa amandla elanga.
Isofthiwe yokucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha: Sebenzisa isofthiwe yekhompyutha ukuze uhlaziye futhi ubone ngeso lengqondo idatha ukuze ukhiqize izibikezelo zesimo sezulu nemibiko yesimo sezulu.
3. Indlela yokusebenza kweziteshi zesimo sezulu
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zihlukaniswe ngeziteshi zesimo sezulu ezizenzakalelayo kanye neziteshi zesimo sezulu sokwenziwa:
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu esizenzakalelayo: Lolu hlobo lwesiteshi sezulu ngokuvamile lwakhiwa amakhompyutha nezinzwa, ezingaqoqa idatha amahora angu-24 ngosuku futhi zilayishe idatha ngesikhathi sangempela. Lolu hlobo lwesiteshi sezulu lusetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nesibikezelo sezulu, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokunemba kwalo.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu sokwenziwa: Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezinjalo zithembele kuma-meteorologists ukuze zibhekwe nsuku zonke futhi zirekhode, nakuba ukunemba nokuthembeka kwedatha kuphezulu, kodwa ezithintwa isimo sezulu nokusebenza ngezandla, kuzoba nemikhawulo ethile.
Ngemva kwenqubo eqinile emisiwe, imininingwane yesiteshi sezulu ayidingi nje kuphela ukuhlanzwa nokulungiswa kuqala, kodwa futhi ihlolwe ngumnyango wesimo sezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokwethembeka kolwazi lwesimo sezulu.
4. Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kweziteshi zesimo sezulu
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
Isibikezelo sezulu: Ngolwazi olunikezwa iziteshi zesimo sezulu, izazi zesimo sezulu ziyakwazi ukuhlaziya izitayela zesimo sezulu futhi zikhiqize izibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezinembile ukuze zisize umphakathi nezimboni ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi.
Ukuphathwa kwezolimo: Abalimi bangakwazi ukulungisa izinhlelo zokutshala ngokuvumelana nedatha yesimo sezulu ehlinzekwa iziteshi zesimo sezulu, bahlele ngokunengqondo ukunisela nokufaka umanyolo, futhi baqinisekise ukuzinza kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo nokuvuna.
Ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu: Ekuqoqweni kwedatha yesikhathi eside, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zisiza ukutadisha ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi zinikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokwenza inqubomgomo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi senhlekelele: Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinganikeza isixwayiso esifike ngesikhathi sesimo sezulu, njengeziphepho, izimvula ezinamandla, amazinga okushisa aphakeme, njll., ukuze ohulumeni, amabhizinisi nezakhamuzi zithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha kusenesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwezisebenzi nempahla.
5. Amacala angempela
Icala lesexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi seSiphepho esithi "Lingling" ngo-2019
Ngo-2019, iSiphepho i-Lingling sawela oLwandle Lwase-East China, futhi kwakhishwa isexwayiso esinamandla sezulu kusengaphambili ngenxa yokubhekwa okuningi okwenziwe iziteshi zesimo sezulu ngaphambi kokufika kwesishingishane. Lezi zixwayiso kusenesikhathi zenza izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezisogwini zizilungiselele kusenesikhathi, zinciphise ukufa nokulahlekelwa yimpahla okubangelwa izishingishane. Uhlelo lokuqapha idatha ngesikhathi sangempela sesiteshi sezulu sabikezela ukuqina nomzila onyakazayo we-"Ling Ling" ngokuhlaziywa kwesivinini somoya, ingcindezi kanye neminye imininingwane, ihlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi sokusabela okuphuthumayo kukahulumeni wendawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo kweziteshi zesimo sezulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya eChina
Ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni ezikude zaseChina, iminyango yesimo sezulu iye yamisa iziteshi zesimo sezulu. Ngokuqapha umswakama womhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, imvula kanye nolunye ulwazi, lezi ziteshi zesimo sezulu ziye zakha izibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezihlosiwe ukuze zisize abalimi ukuhlela isikhathi sokutshala nokuvuna. Isibonelo, endaweni ethile, ukufinyelela okufika ngesikhathi kudatha yemvula kwenze abalimi bakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nesomiso esiqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezitshalo nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla.
Idatha yochungechunge lwesikhathi eside ezifundweni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Iminyaka yolwazi lwesimo sezulu iqoqwa eziteshini zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokuqapha ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. I-National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) e-United States, isibonelo, ithembele olwazini lwesikhathi eside oluvela kumakhulukhulu eziteshi zesimo sezulu ukuze ihlaziye futhi ibikezele izitayela zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Bathole ukuthi phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule, izinga lokushisa elivamile e-United States liye lenyuka kancane kancane, okuye kwathinta izinguquko ezimisweni zemvelo kanye nemvamisa yezinhlekelele zemvelo. Lezi zifundo zihlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi kubenzi bezinqubomgomo ukuthi benze amasu okubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinselelo ezizibangayo.
6. Isiqondiso esizayo sentuthuko
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziyathuthuka njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka. Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ngokuzayo zizohlakanipha kakhulu, zinenethiwekhi futhi zihlanganiswe:
Isiteshi sezulu esihlakaniphile: Sebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhulu bokuhlaziya idatha ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kokucubungula idatha.
Inethiwekhi: Inethiwekhi iyakhiwa phakathi kweziteshi zesimo sezulu eziningi ukuze kwabelwane ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuqapha jikelele.
Ukuqapha kwasemoyeni: Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengama-drones namasathelayithi ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi nokujula kokubhekwa kwesimo sezulu.
Isiphetho
Njengesikhungo esibalulekile sokubheka isimo sezulu kanye nocwaningo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu azinikezi nje kuphela ukusekelwa kwedatha eyisisekelo yesibikezelo sezulu, kodwa futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nocwaningo lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, isevisi yesimo sezulu yezolimo kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sezinhlekelele. Ngenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe eqhubekayo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwedatha, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zizohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezulu ezinembile nezifika ngesikhathi empilweni yomuntu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, futhi zifake isandla ekubhekaneni nenselele yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2025