Njengesikhungo esibalulekile sokubuka isimo sezulu nokucwaninga, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni nasekubikezeleni isimo sezulu, ekufundeni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ekuvikeleni ezolimo nasekukhuthazeni intuthuko yezomnotho. Leli phepha lizoxoxa ngomsebenzi oyisisekelo, ukwakheka, indlela yokusebenza kwesiteshi sesimo sezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaso kanye nokubaluleka kwaso ekusebenzeni.
1. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yeziteshi zezulu
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesiteshi sezulu ukuqoqa, ukurekhoda nokuhlaziya idatha ehlobene nesayensi yezulu. Le datha ihlanganisa, kodwa ayigcini nje kulokhu:
Izinga Lokushisa: Liqopha izinguquko emoyeni kanye nokushisa kobuso.
Umswakama: Kukala inani lomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni futhi kuthinta izinguquko zesimo sezulu.
Ingcindezi ye-Barometric: Iqapha izinguquko ekucindezelweni komoya ukuze isize ukubikezela ukunyakaza kwezinhlelo zesimo sezulu.
Ukuna: Ukurekhoda inani kanye nobukhulu bemvula kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokunisela kwezolimo.
Isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso: Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziqoqa lolu lwazi ngama-anemometer kanye nama-wind vanes ukusiza ukuhlaziya imiphumela yomoya, ikakhulukazi ekubikezelweni kwezivunguvungu neziphepho.
2. Ukwakheka kweziteshi zezulu
Isiteshi sezulu ngokuvamile siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo ukuze kufezwe ukuqoqwa kwedatha ephelele yesimo sezulu:
Izinzwa: Amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukukala izakhi ezahlukene zesimo sezulu, njengezinzwa zokushisa, ama-probe omswakama, amamitha emvula, njll.
Irekhoda: Idivayisi yokugcina idatha eqopha ulwazi oluqoqwe yinzwa.
Uhlelo lokuxhumana: Idatha eqoqwe idluliselwa esikhungweni sesimo sezulu noma kusizindalwazi ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ihlaziywe ngokulandelayo.
Imishini kagesi: Ugesi oqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesiteshi sezulu, iziteshi eziningi zesimo sezulu zanamuhla zisebenzisa amandla elanga.
Isofthiwe yokucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha: Sebenzisa isofthiwe yekhompyutha ukuhlaziya nokubona ngeso lengqondo idatha ukuze ukhiqize izibikezelo zesimo sezulu kanye nemibiko yesimo sezulu.
3. Indlela yokusebenza kweziteshi zezulu
Iziteshi zezulu zihlukaniswe iziteshi zezulu ezizenzakalelayo kanye neziteshi zezulu zokwenziwa:
Isiteshi sezulu esizenzakalelayo: Lolu hlobo lwesiteshi sezulu ngokuvamile lwakhiwe ngamakhompyutha nezinzwa, ezingaqoqa idatha amahora angama-24 ngosuku futhi zilayishe idatha ngesikhathi sangempela. Lolu hlobo lwesiteshi sezulu lusetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nokubikezela isimo sezulu, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokunemba kwaso okuphezulu.
Iziteshi zezulu zokwenziwa: Iziteshi zezulu ezinjalo zithembele kubabikezeli bezulu ukuze zibuke futhi zirekhode nsuku zonke, yize ukunemba nokuthembeka kwedatha kuphezulu, kodwa kuthintwa yisimo sezulu nokusebenza ngesandla, kuzoba nemikhawulo ethile.
Ngemva kwenqubo eqinile ehlelekile, idatha yesiteshi sezulu ayidingi nje kuphela ukuhlanzwa nokulungiswa kusengaphambili, kodwa futhi ihlolwe ngumnyango wesimo sezulu ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kolwazi lwesimo sezulu.
4. Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kweziteshi zezulu
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
Ukubikezela isimo sezulu: Ngemininingwane enikezwe yiziteshi zesimo sezulu, izazi zezulu ziyakwazi ukuhlaziya izitayela zesimo sezulu futhi zikhiqize izibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezinembile ukusiza umphakathi kanye nezimboni ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi.
Ukuphathwa kwezolimo: Abalimi bangalungisa izinhlelo zokutshala ngokwemininingwane yesimo sezulu enikezwe yiziteshi zezulu, bahlele ngokunengqondo ukuchelela nokufaka umanyolo, futhi baqinisekise ukuzinza komkhiqizo wezolimo kanye nokuvuna.
Ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu: Ekuqongeleleni idatha yesikhathi eside, iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziyasiza ekucwaningeni ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi zinikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokwenza izinqubomgomo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Isexwayiso kusenesikhathi senhlekelele: Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke izinhlekelele zemvelo, iziteshi zezulu zinganikeza isexwayiso kusenesikhathi sesimo sezulu, njengeziphepho, izimvula ezinkulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, njll., ukuze ohulumeni, amabhizinisi kanye nezakhamuzi bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha kusenesikhathi ukuze banciphise ukulahlekelwa ngabasebenzi kanye nempahla.
5. Amacala angempela
Isexwayiso sokuqala seSiphepho i-“Lingling” ngo-2019
Ngo-2019, iSiphepho iLingling safika oLwandle i-East China, futhi kwakhishwa isexwayiso sezulu esinamandla kusengaphambili ngenxa yokuqaphela okuningi okwenziwe yiziteshi zezulu ngaphambi kokufika kwesiphepho. Lezi zexwayiso zakuqala zivumela izakhamuzi ezindaweni ezisogwini ukuba zilungiselele kusengaphambili, zinciphise ukulimala kanye nokulahlekelwa yimpahla okubangelwa iziphepho. Uhlelo lokuqapha idatha yesikhathi sangempela lwesiteshi sezulu lwabikezela ukuqina kanye nomzila ohambayo we-"Ling Ling" ngokuhlaziya isivinini somoya, ingcindezi kanye neminye imininingwane, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi sempendulo ephuthumayo kahulumeni wendawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo kweziteshi zezulu emaphandleni aseShayina
Ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni ezikude zaseShayina, iminyango yesimo sezulu imise iziteshi zesimo sezulu sasemapulazini. Ngokuqapha umswakama womhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, imvula kanye neminye imininingwane, lezi ziteshi zesimo sezulu zithuthukise izibikezelo zesimo sezulu eziqondiwe ukusiza abalimi ukuhlela isikhathi sokutshala nokuvuna. Isibonelo, esifundeni esisodwa, ukufinyelela kwedatha yemvula ngesikhathi esifanele kwenza abalimi bakwazi ukusabela kangcono esomeni esiqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla.
Idatha yochungechunge lwesikhathi eside ezifundweni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Iminyaka eminingi yedatha yesimo sezulu iqoqwa eziteshini zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, okunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuqapha ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. I-National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) e-United States, isibonelo, ithembele kudatha yesikhathi eside evela eziteshini zesimo sezulu ezingamakhulu ukuze ihlaziye futhi ibikezele izitayela zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Bathole ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile e-United States liye landa kancane kancane, okuye kwathinta izinguquko ezindaweni zemvelo kanye nokuvama kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Lezi zifundo zinikeza isisekelo sesayensi sabenzi bezinqubomgomo ukwakha amasu okubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinselele ezikubangelayo.
6. Isiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo sentuthuko
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziyathuthuka njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka. Iziteshi zesimo sezulu esikhathini esizayo zizoba ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezixhumene futhi ezihlanganisiwe:
Isiteshi sezulu esihlakaniphile: Sebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya idatha enkulu ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kokucubungula idatha.
Ukuxhumana: Kukhiwa inethiwekhi phakathi kweziteshi eziningi zesimo sezulu ukuze kwabelwane ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuqapha lonke.
Ukuqapha emoyeni: Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengezindiza ezidonswayo namasathelayithi ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi kanye nokujula kokubuka kwesimo sezulu.
Isiphetho
Njengesikhungo esibalulekile sokubuka nokucwaninga ngesimo sezulu, iziteshi zesimo sezulu azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha eyisisekelo yokubikezela isimo sezulu, kodwa futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengocwaningo lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isevisi yesimo sezulu kwezolimo kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sezinhlekelele. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvuselelwa kwedatha, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zizohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu ezinembile futhi ezifika ngesikhathi empilweni yabantu kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho, futhi zifake isandla ekubhekaneni nenselele yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-15-2025