Ukugcwala komoyampilo emanzini eplanethi yethu kuncipha ngokushesha nangokumangalisayo—kusuka emachibini kuya olwandle. Ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komoyampilo akusongeli nje kuphela izimiso zemvelo, kodwa futhi nokuphila kwemikhakha emikhulu yomphakathi kanye neplanethi yonke, ngokusho kwababhali bocwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluhilela i-GEOMAR olushicilelwe namuhla ku-Nature Ecology & Evolution.
Babiza ukulahlekelwa komoya-mpilo emanzini ukuze kuqashelwe njengomunye umngcele weplanethi ukuze kugxilwe ekuqaphelweni komhlaba wonke, ucwaningo kanye nezinyathelo zezombusazwe.
Umoya-mpilo uyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokuphila eplanethini enguMhlaba. Ukulahlekelwa komoyampilo emanzini, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi i-aquatic deoxygenation, kuwusongo empilweni kuwo wonke amazinga. Ithimba labacwaningi bomhlaba wonke lichaza ukuthi i-deoxygenation eqhubekayo ibeka kanjani usongo olukhulu ezimpilweni zezingxenye ezinkulu zomphakathi kanye nasekuzinzeni kokuphila emhlabeni wethu.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luhlonze uchungechunge lwezinqubo zesikali somhlaba, okubhekiselwa kuzo njengemingcele yamaplanethi, ezilawula ukuhlalwa jikelele kanye nokuzinza kweplanethi. Uma imingcele ebalulekile kulezi zinqubo idluliswa, ubungozi bezinguquko ezinkulu, eziphuthumayo noma ezingenakuhlehliswa zemvelo ("amaphuzu okukhipha") ziyakhula futhi ukuqina kweplanethi yethu, ukuzinza kwayo, kusengozini.
Phakathi kwemingcele eyisishiyagalolunye yamaplanethi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ababhali bocwaningo olusha baphikisana ngokuthi i-aquatic deoxygenation kokubili iphendula, futhi ilawula, ezinye izinqubo zemingcele yeplanethi.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi i-aquatic deoxygenation yengezwe ohlwini lwemingcele yeplanethi,” kusho uSolwazi uDkt. Rose ovela eRensselaer Polytechnic Institute eTroy, eNew York, umbhali oholayo wale ncwadi. "Lokhu kuzosiza ukusekela nokugxila ekubhekeni umhlaba wonke, ucwaningo, kanye nemizamo yenqubomgomo yokusiza imvelo yethu yasemanzini kanye nomphakathi wonkana."
Kuwo wonke ama-ecosystem ahlala emanzini, kusukela emifudlaneni nasemifuleni, emachibini, emachibini, nasezizibeni kuya ezindaweni zemifula, ugu, nolwandle oluvulekile, ukugcwala komoyampilo okuncibilikisiwe kwehle ngokushesha nakakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Amachibi namachibi alahlekelwe umoya-mpilo ka-5.5% kanye no-18.6% ngokulandelana kusukela ngo-1980. Ulwandle lulahlekelwe umoya-mpilo cishe ngo-2% kusukela ngo-1960. Nakuba le nombolo izwakala incane, ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wolwandle imele inqwaba ye-oxygen elahlekile.
I-ecosystems yasolwandle nayo ibe nokuhlukahluka okukhulu ekuncipheni komoyampilo. Isibonelo, amanzi aphakathi ne-Central California alahlekelwe u-40% womoya-mpilo wawo emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Umthamo wezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezithintwa ukuncipha komoyampilo ukhule kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
"Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa komoyampilo emanzini ziwukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngenxa yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokufaka izakhi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komhlaba," kusho umlobi-munye uDkt. Andreas Oschlies, uProfesa weMarine Biogeochemical Modeling e-GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.
Uma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi likhuphuka, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo emanzini kuncipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi, ngoba amanzi afudumele, anosawoti omncane anosawoti omncane aphezu kwamanzi abandayo, ajulile anosawoti ngezansi.
"Lokhu kuvimbela ukushintshaniswa kwezingqimba ezijulile ezingenawo umoya-mpilo namanzi angaphezulu anomoya-mpilo anothile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi zomsoco ezivela emhlabathini zisekela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni komoyampilo owengeziwe njengoba kucwila izinto eziphilayo futhi ziboliswa amagciwane ekujuleni."
Izindawo olwandle lapho kunomoya-mpilo omncane kakhulu kangangokuthi izinhlanzi, izimbaza noma ama-crustaceans azisakwazi ukuphila azisongeli kuphela izinto eziphilayo ngokwazo, kodwa futhi nezinkonzo ze-ecosystem ezifana nokudoba, i-aquaculture, ezokuvakasha kanye nemikhuba yamasiko.
Izinqubo ze-Microbiotic ezifundeni ezinomoya-mpilo ophelile ziphinde zikhiqize amagesi abamba ukushisa anamandla njenge-nitrous oxide ne-methane, okungaholela ekwandeni okwengeziwe kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube imbangela enkulu yokuncipha komoyampilo.
Ababhali bayaxwayisa: Sisondela emikhawulweni ebucayi ye-aquatic deoxygenation ezogcina ithinte eminye imingcele eminingana yamaplanethi.
USolwazi uDkt. Rose uthi, “I-oksijini encibilikile ilawula indima yamanzi asolwandle nahlanzekile ekuguquleni isimo sezulu eMhlabeni. Ukuthuthukisa ukugcwala komoyampilo kuncike ekuxazululeni izimbangela, okuhlanganisa ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu nokugeleza kwamanzi avela ezindaweni ezithuthukile.
"Ukwehluleka ukubhekana ne-aquatic deoxygenation, ekugcineni, ngeke kuthinte i-ecosystem kuphela kodwa nomsebenzi wezomnotho, kanye nomphakathi ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele."
Amathrendi e-aquatic deoxygenation amele isexwayiso esicacile kanye nokubizela esenzweni okufanele kugqugquzele izinguquko zokunciphisa noma ukunciphisa lo mngcele weplanethi.
Inzwa ye-oxygen encibilikile ikhwalithi yamanzi
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-12-2024