Ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen emanzini eplanethi yethu kwehla ngokushesha nangokumangalisayo—kusukela emachibini kuya olwandle. Ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-oxygen akusongeli nje kuphela izimiso zemvelo, kodwa futhi nezindlela zokuphila zemikhakha emikhulu yomphakathi kanye neplanethi yonke, ngokusho kwababhali besifundo samazwe ngamazwe esihilela i-GEOMAR esishicilelwe namuhla ku-Nature Ecology & Evolution.
Bafuna ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umoya-mpilo emanzini kuqashelwe njengomunye umngcele weplanethi ukuze kugxilwe ekuqapheni komhlaba wonke, ocwaningweni kanye nasezindleleni zezepolitiki.
I-oksijini iyimfuneko eyisisekelo yokuphila eplanethini yoMhlaba. Ukulahleka kwe-oksijini emanzini, okubizwa nangokuthi ukukhishwa kwe-oxygen emanzini, kuyisongo empilweni kuwo wonke amazinga. Ithimba labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe lichaza ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-oxygen okuqhubekayo kuyisongo esikhulu kanjani empilweni yezingxenye ezinkulu zomphakathi kanye nokuzinza kokuphila eplanethini yethu.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luthole uhlu lwezinqubo zesikali somhlaba wonke, ezibizwa ngokuthi imingcele yamaplanethi, ezilawula ukuhlala kanye nokuzinza kweplanethi. Uma kudluliswa imingcele ebalulekile kulezi zinqubo, ingozi yezinguquko ezinkulu zemvelo ezingazelelwe noma ezingalungiseki ("amaphuzu okuwa") iyanda futhi ukuqina kweplanethi yethu, ukuzinza kwayo, kuyasengozini.
Phakathi kwemingcele eyisishiyagalolunye yamaplanethi kukhona ushintsho lwesimo sezulu, ushintsho lokusetshenziswa komhlaba, kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinto eziphilayo. Abalobi balolu cwaningo olusha bathi ukukhishwa komoya-mpilo emanzini kuyasabela, futhi kulawula, ezinye izinqubo zemingcele yamaplanethi.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-oxygen emanzini kufakwe ohlwini lwemingcele yamaplanethi,” kusho uSolwazi uDkt. Rose waseRensselaer Polytechnic Institute eTroy, eNew York, umbhali oholayo wale ncwadi. “Lokhu kuzosiza ekusekeleni nasekugxiliseni ukuqapha komhlaba wonke, ucwaningo, kanye nemizamo yenqubomgomo yokusiza izimiso zethu zemvelo zasemanzini, kanye nomphakathi wonkana.”
Kuzo zonke izindawo zemvelo zasemanzini, kusukela emifuleni nasemifuleni, emachibini, emachibini okugcina amanzi, namachibi kuya emifuleni, ogwini, kanye nolwandle oluvulekile, amazinga e-oxygen ancibilikisiwe anciphe ngokushesha nangokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Amachibi kanye namadamu okudambisa amanzi kuye kwaba nokulahlekelwa umoya-mpilo okungu-5.5% kanye no-18.6% ngokulandelana kusukela ngo-1980. Ulwandle luye lwaba nokulahlekelwa umoya-mpilo okungu-2% kusukela ngo-1960. Nakuba leli nani lizwakala lincane, ngenxa yobuningi bolwandle limelela isisindo esikhulu somoya-mpilo olahlekile.
Izimiso zemvelo zasolwandle nazo ziye zabhekana nokuguquguquka okukhulu ekuncipheni komoya-mpilo. Isibonelo, amanzi aphakathi eCentral California alahlekelwe ngu-40% womoya-mpilo wawo emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule. Inani lezimiso zemvelo zasemanzini ezithintekile ekuncipheni komoya-mpilo liye landa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
“Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa umoya-mpilo emanzini ukufudumala komhlaba ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa kanye nokufakwa kwezakhamzimba ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komhlaba,” kusho umlobi-mbhali uDkt. Andreas Oschlies, uProfesa weMarine Biogeochemical Modelling e-GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.
"Uma amazinga okushisa amanzi enyuka, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo emanzini kuyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufudumala komhlaba kuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi, ngoba amanzi afudumele, anosawoti omncane anobuningi obuphansi atholakala phezu kwamanzi abandayo najulile anosawoti othe xaxa ngaphansi."
"Lokhu kuvimbela ukushintshaniswa kwezingqimba ezijulile ezingenawo umoya-mpilo namanzi angaphezulu agcwele umoya-mpilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamzimba ezivela emhlabathini zisekela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni komoya-mpilo omningi njengoba izinto eziphilayo eziningi zicwila futhi zibola ngamagciwane ekujuleni."
Izindawo olwandle lapho kunomoya-mpilo omncane khona kangangokuthi izinhlanzi, izimbaza noma izilwane ezihlala emanzini abandayo azikwazi ukusinda zisongela hhayi kuphela izinto eziphilayo ngokwazo, kodwa futhi nezinsizakalo zemvelo ezifana nokudoba, ukufuya izilwane zasemanzini, ezokuvakasha kanye nemikhuba yamasiko.
Izinqubo ze-microbiotic ezindaweni eziphelelwe umoya-mpilo nazo zikhiqiza amagesi okushisa anamandla njenge-nitrous oxide ne-methane, okungaholela ekwandeni kokufudumala komhlaba futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube imbangela enkulu yokuncipha komoya-mpilo.
Abalobi bayaxwayisa: Sisondela emikhawulweni ebalulekile yokukhishwa komoya-mpilo emanzini okuzogcina kuthinte eminye imingcele eminingana yamaplanethi.
USolwazi uDkt. Rose uthi, “I-oxygen encibilikisiwe ilawula indima yamanzi asolwandle namanzi ahlanzekile ekuguquleni isimo sezulu soMhlaba. Ukuthuthukisa ukugcwala kwe-oxygen kuncike ekubhekaneni nezimbangela eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi avela ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe.
"Ukwehluleka ukubhekana nokukhishwa kwe-oxygen emanzini, ekugcineni, ngeke kuthinte nje kuphela izimiso zemvelo kodwa futhi nomsebenzi wezomnotho, kanye nomphakathi ezingeni lomhlaba wonke."
Imikhuba yokukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini imelela isixwayiso esicacile kanye nesimemo sokwenza okuthile okufanele sigqugquzele izinguquko zokunciphisa noma ngisho nokunciphisa lo mngcele weplanethi.
Inzwa ye-oxygen encibilikisiwe yekhwalithi yamanzi
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-12-2024