Ngokuphambene nomkhuba womhlaba wonke osebenzayo womnotho ojikelezayo kanye nesenzo sezulu, iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia imi endaweni ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwemfucuza yemvelo yasemadolobheni kanye nokuguqulwa okuluhlaza kwezolimo. Ukuguqula ngempumelelo izinsalela eziningi zezolimo, imfucuza yasegadini kanye nemfucuza yasekhishini ibe umquba wekhwalithi ephezulu kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yokufeza ukujikeleziswa kwemithombo yangaphakathi kanye nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele sokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ezindaweni ezishisayo sivame ukuba nezinselele eziningi ezinqubweni zendabuko zokwenza umquba ngenxa yokushisa okungalawulwa kanye nomswakama, njengokusebenza kahle kokubilisa okuphansi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engazinzile, kanye nephunga elibi kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa. Uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlakaniphile lwe-HONDE olungenantambo lokushisa kanye nomswakama, oluthuthukiswe ngokujulile ezindaweni ezishisayo, luhlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqhutshwa idatha yemiphakathi, amapulazi kanye namaphrojekthi kamasipala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngokuqonda kwayo okunembile kanye namakhono okulawula okuhlakaniphile okukude, okwenza inqubo yokusebenzisa izinsiza zemfucuza yemvelo ibe ngempumelelo, ilawuleke futhi ibe nobungane nemvelo.
Inselele Eyinhloko: Umongo Oyingqayizivele Wokwenza Umquba eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokwenziwa komquba eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia akugcini nje ngokujabulela inzuzo yemvelo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi kodwa futhi kudinga ukunqoba imikhawulo yayo ekhethekile yezemvelo:
Umphumela wenkemba esika nhlangothi zombili wesimo sezulu: Nakuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu angapheli angasheshisa imisebenzi yamagciwane, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lenqwaba lingadlula kalula iphuzu elibalulekile elingu-65℃, okuholela ekungasebenzini kwemiphakathi yamagciwane anenzuzo. Imvula evame ukuna kanye nomswakama ophezulu endaweni ezungezile kungabangela kalula ukuthi inqwaba ibe manzi kakhulu futhi ingangenisi umoya kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukubola kwe-anaerobic futhi kuhambisane nokukhiqizwa kwe-methane nephunga elibi.
Imikhawulo yobuciko bendabuko: Ngokuncika ekubukeni ngesandla, ukwahlulela okuthintekayo kanye nokujika njalo kwenqwaba yokuphathwa okusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho, kunzima ukufeza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokujwayelekile, okuholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engalingani.
Isidingo Semakethe semikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu nezinzile: Njengoba imiqondo yezolimo zemvelo ithandwa kakhulu, isidingo semakethe somanyolo wemvelo obolile ngokuphelele futhi osezingeni eliqinile siyakhula usuku nosuku, futhi izidingo eziphakeme zibekwa phambili zokulawulwa nokulandelela inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha okunembile, okuqhubekayo nokulandelekayo kanye nokulawulwa okuhlakaniphile kwemingcele yokubilisa okuyinhloko yenqwaba - izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama - kube yizikhombisi zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa izinga lempumelelo yokwenza umquba, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukisa izinzuzo zomnotho zemboni.
2. Isixazululo se-HONDE: Ukufaka "izinzwa zedijithali" enkambisweni yokubilisa
Uhlelo lwe-HONDE lwenzelwe ngqo indawo enzima yokushisa okuphezulu, umswakama ophezulu kanye nokugqwala okuphezulu ezindaweni zokwenza umquba.
Inzwa yeprobe engamelani nesimo sezulu: Isebenzisa iprobe ekhethekile yensimbi engagqwali, engafakwa enqwabeni ekujuleni okuningi (ungqimba olungaphezulu, ungqimba oluyinhloko, ungqimba olungezansi) ukuze iqaphe izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ngesikhathi sangempela, ibonise ngokunembile amandla okuvutshelwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-iot engenantambo enamandla aphansi: Amamojula angenantambo e-LoRa noma i-NB-IoT ahlanganisiwe, idatha idluliselwa kude esangweni, iqeda ngokuphelele izintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezidingweni zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo emagcekeni okugcina izinto avulekile.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla angaphandle kwegridi kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile okusekelwe efwini: Uhlelo lusekela ukunikezwa kwamandla elanga ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside. Idatha ilayishwa efwini ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi amaphrojekthi okuhlanganisa asakazwayo angaqashwa kude naphakathi futhi aphathwe ngokuhlakanipha ngeplatifomu yokubona.
Isexwayiso Sasekuqaleni Esihlakaniphile kanye Nesiqondiso Senqubo: Abasebenzisi bangenza ngezifiso imikhawulo yokushisa nomswakama ehlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo. Uma idatha yokuqapha ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-reactor selingene endaweni eyingozi yokushisa okuphezulu noma ukuthi umswakama uphakeme kakhulu, okubangela ingozi ye-anaerobic, uhlelo luzothumela ngokushesha izexwayiso zamazinga amaningi kubasebenzi bokuphatha futhi lunganikeza iziphakamiso zokusebenza ezinembile njengokuguqula i-reactor, ukulungisa ukumbozwa noma ukulawula isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen.
III. Izimo Zokusebenza: Ukunika Amandla Imikhuba Yokuhlaza Ehlukahlukene
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yasekhishini kamasipala kanye neyomphakathi
Isetshenziswa emiphakathini noma ezikhungweni zokwelapha emadolobheni amakhulu njengeBangkok neJakarta, iqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kanye nokungabi nangozi ngokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile (ukugcina izinga lokushisa elibalulekile elingu-55-65℃), futhi icabangela kakhulu iphunga ngokulawula umswakama wesayensi, okuthuthukisa ukwamukelwa komphakathi. Ukuphathwa okusekelwe kudatha kungasiza ukunciphisa umjikelezo wokwenza umquba ngo-20% kuya ku-30% futhi kukhiqize umanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuzinzile.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yezolimo ephuma emasimini amakhulu ngendlela evalekile
Isetshenziswa emasimini esundu kawoyela, emasimini kabhanana, njll., ukuze kuphathwe izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo njengezigaxa zezithelo, iziqu namaqabunga. Guqula imfucuza endaweni ibe yizilungisi zenhlabathi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, yehlise izindleko zomanyolo wangaphandle, ibuyisele inhlabathi, futhi iqedele umjikelezo wemvelo "wokutshala - ukuvuna - imfucuza - ukwenza umquba - ukubuyela ensimini", okuthuthukisa ukusimama kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe kwepulazi.
3. Ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngabalimi abancane nabaphakathi kanye nama-cooperative
Nikeza izixazululo ezilula nezilula ukuzisebenzisa kubakhiqizi abancane nabaphakathi ababandakanyeka ekutshaleni imvelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi umquba ozikhiqizela wona ubolile ngokuphelele, uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zesitifiketi se-organic, futhi wehlise umkhawulo wezobuchwepheshe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ukuze unike amandla abalimi abancane ukuthuthukisa inani lomkhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana emakethe.
4. Ukusebenzisana ukuze kuxazululwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ngokwenza ngcono inqubo yokwenza umquba ukuze kulondolozwe indawo ezungezile, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi enamandla yokushisa i-methane kungacindezelwa emthonjeni. Umquba wekhwalithi ephezulu okhiqizwayo futhi ubuyiselwe emasimini ungandisa kakhulu indawo yokugcina i-carbon ephilayo enhlabathini, unikeze ikhambi elisekelwe emvelweni lomgomo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yesifunda.
IV. Icala Eliyingqophamlando: Ukuguqulwa Okuluhlaza Kwemiphakathi Okuqhutshwa Yidatha
Umphakathi othile wezivakashi eBali, e-Indonesia, wethule uhlelo lwe-HONDE ukubhekana nengcindezi yemfucuza yasekhishini. Ngokuqapha okunembile, umphakathi wahlonza ngobuningi ukuthi umswakama ophezulu kakhulu wenqwaba ngesikhathi semvula kwakuyimbangela eyinhloko yokubambezeleka kokubilisa, wabe eselungisa imiklamo yokuvikela imvula kanye nokungenisa umoya. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, uhlelo luqondisa ukuphendulwa kwenqwaba ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngemva kokuba iphrojekthi iqalisiwe, umphakathi waphumelela ukuphinda usebenzise imfucuza yawo yemvelo engaphezu kuka-70% endaweni. Umquba okhiqizwe wawusetshenziselwa ukwenza ipulazi libe luhlaza futhi lifundise ipulazi, kunciphisa izindleko zokuqoqa kanye nokuthutha ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa isiko elihle lokuvikela imvelo emphakathini.
Isiphetho
Enkambisweni yokwakha umphakathi ojikelezayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukwenza umquba, njengesixhumanisi esiyinhloko esixhumanisa ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nezolimo zemvelo, ukunemba nokuhlakanipha kwenqubo yawo kubaluleke kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuzwa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama lwe-HONDE lokubumba lufaka le ndlela yendabuko ngokuhlakanipha kwesimanje ngokuguqula inqubo yokubilisa yendabuko "yebhokisi elimnyama" ibe umfudlana wedatha ocacile, olandelekayo futhi ongcono. Lusiza amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene ukuguqula ngokuhlelekile "imithwalo" yemvelo ibe "igolide elimnyama" elondla umhlaba ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi engcono, okuhlinzeka ngamandla obuchwepheshe athembekile ohlelo lokuthuthukiswa okusimeme lwaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
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