INingizimu Melika inezimo zezulu nezendawo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela emahlathini emvula ase-Amazon kuya ezintabeni zase-Andes kuya ePampas enkulu. Izimboni ezifana nezolimo, amandla, kanye nezokuthutha zincike kakhulu kudatha yesimo sezulu. Njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqoqwa kwedatha yesimo sezulu, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zisetshenziswa kabanzi eNingizimu Melika. Ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela imingcele yesimo sezulu efana nokushisa, imvula, isivinini somoya, kanye nomswakama, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, isixwayiso sezinhlekelele, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, kanye neminye imikhakha.
1. Imisebenzi kanye nezinzuzo zeziteshi zezulu
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu siwumshini osetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokurekhoda idatha yesimo sezulu, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:
Ukuqapha amapharamitha amaningi: Kungaqapha amapharamitha amaningi ezulu njengokushisa, imvula, isivinini somoya, isiqondiso somoya, umswakama, ingcindezi yomoya, kanye nemisebe yelanga ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukuqoshwa kwedatha nokudluliswa kwayo: Isiteshi sesimo sezulu singaqopha idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi sidlulisele idatha kusizindalwazi esiphakathi noma ipulatifomu yamafu ngenethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya nokwabelana ngayo.
Ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nesikhathi sangempela: Iziteshi zezulu zanamuhla zisebenzisa izinzwa ezinembile kakhulu ukunikeza idatha yezulu yesikhathi sangempela nenembile.
Ukuqapha kude: Nge-inthanethi, abasebenzisi bangafinyelela kude idatha yesiteshi sesimo sezulu ukuze baqaphe ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zezulu eNingizimu Melika kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
Sekela ezolimo ezinembile: nikeza abalimi idatha yesimo sezulu enembile ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokutshala nokunisela.
Isexwayiso senhlekelele: ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi njengemvula enkulu, isomiso, iziphepho, njll., ukuze kuhlinzekwe isisekelo sokuvimbela inhlekelele kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo.
Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi: qapha imvula kanye nokuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukusekela ukuphathwa kwamachibi kanye nokuhlela ukunisela.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi: hlinzeka ngemininingwane yesimo sezulu yesikhathi eside neqhubekayo yocwaningo lwesimo sezulu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
2. Amacala okufaka isicelo eNingizimu Melika
2.1 Isizinda sesicelo
Isimo sezulu eNingizimu Melika siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siyahlukahluka, futhi ezinye izindawo zivame ukuthintwa yizimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengemvula enkulu e-Amazon, iqhwa e-Andes, kanye nesomiso e-Pampas. Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kunikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha ebalulekile yesimo sezulu kulezi zifunda, kusiza izimboni ezifana nezolimo, amandla, kanye nezokuthutha ukubhekana nezinselele zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
2.2 Amacala okusetshenziswa athile
Icala 1: Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kwezolimo ezinembile eBrazil
IBrazil iyinkampani ethumela imikhiqizo yezolimo kwamanye amazwe ebalulekile emhlabeni, futhi ezolimo zithembele kakhulu kudatha yesimo sezulu. EMato Grosso, eBrazil, abalimi besoya nommbila bafinyelele ukuphathwa kwezolimo okunembile ngokufaka iziteshi zesimo sezulu. Izicelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
Indlela yokusabalalisa: Faka iziteshi zezulu ezizenzakalelayo emapulazini, bese kufakwa isiteshi esisodwa njalo ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10.
Amapharamitha okuqapha: izinga lokushisa, imvula, umswakama, isivinini somoya, imisebe yelanga, njll.
Umphumela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Abalimi bangakwazi ukulungisa izikhathi zokutshala kanye nokunisela ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu yesikhathi sangempela ukuze banciphise imfucuza yamanzi.
Ngokubikezela imvula kanye nesomiso, thuthukisa izinhlelo zokufaka umanyolo kanye nokulawula izinambuzane ukuze kwandiswe isivuno.
Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwesoya eMato Grosso kwanda cishe ngo-12% ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwedatha yesimo sezulu enembile.
Icala 2: Inethiwekhi yesiteshi sesimo sezulu e-Peruvian Andes
I-Andes yasePeru iyindawo ebalulekile yokutshala amazambane nommbila, kodwa lesi sifunda sinesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo, esivame ukuba nesithwathwa nesomiso. Uhulumeni wasePeru ubambisene nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ukusungula inethiwekhi yeziteshi zezulu e-Andes ukusekela intuthuko yezolimo zendawo. Izicelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
Indlela yokusabalalisa: Faka iziteshi zezulu ezincane ezindaweni eziphakeme ukuze zimboze izindawo ezinkulu zezolimo.
Amapharamitha okuqapha: izinga lokushisa, imvula, isivinini somoya, isixwayiso sesithwathwa, njll.
Umphumela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Abalimi bangathola izixwayiso zeqhwa ezikhishwa yiziteshi zezulu ngamaselula abo, bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi, futhi banciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo.
Imininingwane yesimo sezulu isiza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokunisela nokunciphisa umthelela wesomiso kwezolimo.
Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane esifundeni kukhuphuke ngo-15% ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zezulu.
Icala 3: Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu ePampas yase-Argentina
I-Pampas yase-Argentina iyindawo ebalulekile yokutshala imfuyo nokusanhlamvu eNingizimu Melika, kodwa lesi sifunda sivame ukuthintwa yisomiso nezikhukhula. I-Argentina National Meteorological Service ithumele inethiwekhi enkulu yeziteshi zezulu e-Pampas ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo nemfuyo. Izicelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
Indlela yokusabalalisa: Faka iziteshi zezulu ezizenzakalelayo ezindaweni ezinotshani nasemapulazini, bese kufakwa isiteshi esisodwa njalo ngamakhilomitha-skwele angu-20.
Amapharamitha okuqapha: imvula, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, isivinini somoya, ukuhwamuka, njll.
Umphumela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Abafuyi bemfuyo bangalungisa izinhlelo zokwalusa ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu ukuze bagweme ukulimala kwemfuyo esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Abalimi basebenzisa idatha yemvula ukuze bathuthukise isikhathi sokunisela kanye nokuhlwanyela ukuze bandise isivuno sikakolweni nommbila.
Ngo-2022, isivuno sokusanhlamvu ePampas sanda ngo-8% ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu.
Icala 4: Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu ezindaweni zewayini zaseChile
I-Chile ingumkhiqizi wewayini obalulekile eNingizimu Melika, futhi ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi kuyazwela kakhulu ezimweni zezulu. Esifundeni esiphakathi nesigodi saseChile, izindawo zokwenza iwayini zifinyelele ukuphathwa okucolekile kokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zezulu. Izicelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
Indlela yokusabalalisa: Faka iziteshi zesimo sezulu esincane esivinini, bese kufakwa isiteshi esisodwa njalo ngamahektha ayi-5.
Amapharamitha okuqapha: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imvula, imisebe yelanga, isixwayiso sesithwathwa, njll.
Umphumela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Izindawo zokwenza iwayini zingalungisa izinhlelo zokunisela kanye nokufaka umanyolo ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yamagilebhisi.
Uhlelo lokuxwayisa ngeqhwa lusiza izinkampani zokwenza iwayini ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo ezifike ngesikhathi ukuvikela izivini zamagilebhisi ekulimaleni kweqhwa.
Ngo-2021, isivuno sewayini kanye nekhwalithi esigodini esiphakathi saseChile kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu.
3. Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu eNingizimu Melika kunikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha ebalulekile kwezolimo, ukufuya izilwane, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye neminye imikhakha, okusiza ukubhekana nezinselele ezilethwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, iziteshi zesimo sezulu azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo, kodwa futhi zinikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuxwayisa ngenhlekelele kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuthazwa kokusetshenziswa, amathuba okusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu eNingizimu Melika azoba maningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-18-2025