INingizimu Melika inesimo sezulu esihlukahlukene nesimo sendawo, kusukela ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon kuya ezintabeni zase-Andes kuya ePampas enkulukazi. Izimboni ezifana nezolimo, amandla, nezokuthutha zincike kakhulu kudatha yesimo sezulu. Njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqoqwa kwedatha yesimo sezulu, iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa kabanzi eNingizimu Melika. Ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela amapharamitha wesimo sezulu afana nezinga lokushisa, imvula, isivinini somoya, nomswakamo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinikeza ukusekelwa okubalulekile kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, isexwayiso senhlekelele, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, neminye imikhakha.
1. Imisebenzi kanye nezinzuzo zeziteshi zesimo sezulu
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu siyidivayisi esetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokuqopha idatha yesimo sezulu, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:
Ukuqapha okunamapharamitha amaningi: Kungaqapha amapharamitha amaningi esimo sezulu afana nezinga lokushisa, imvula, isivinini somoya, isiqondiso somoya, umswakama, umfutho womoya, nemisebe yelanga ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukurekhoda nokudluliswa kwedatha: Isiteshi sezezulu singarekhoda ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha futhi sidlulisele idatha kusizindalwazi esimaphakathi noma inkundla yamafu ngenethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya nokwabelana.
Ukunemba okuphezulu nesikhathi sangempela: Iziteshi zesimanje zezulu zisebenzisa izinzwa ezinembe kakhulu ukuze zinikeze idatha yesikhathi sangempela nenembile yesimo sezulu.
Ukuqapha okukude: Nge-inthanethi, abasebenzisi bangafinyelela bekude idatha yesiteshi sesimo sezulu ukuze baqaphe isikhathi sangempela kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu eNingizimu Melika kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
Sekela ukunemba kwezolimo: nikeza abalimi idatha yesimo sezulu enembayo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokutshala nokunisela.
Isexwayiso senhlekelele: ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu njengemvula enkulu, isomiso, iziphepho, njll., ukuze kuhlinzekwe isisekelo sokuvimbela izinhlekelele nokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi: qapha ukuna kwemvula nokuhwamuka, ukusekela ukulawulwa kwamachibi kanye nokuhlelwa kokunisela.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi: hlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi eside neqhubekayo yesimo sezulu socwaningo lwesimo sezulu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
2. Amacala okufaka isicelo eNingizimu Melika
2.1 Isizinda sohlelo lokusebenza
Isimo sezulu eNingizimu Melika siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siyahlukahluka, futhi ezinye izindawo zivame ukuphazanyiswa izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengemvula enkulu e-Amazon, isithwathwa e-Andes, nesomiso ePampas. Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kunikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha ebalulekile yesimo sezulu kulezi zifunda, kusiza izimboni ezifana nezolimo, amandla kagesi, nezokuthutha ukuze zibhekane nezinselele zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
2.2 Amacala ohlelo oluthile
Ikesi 1: Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu kwezolimo olunembayo e-Brazil
I-Brazil ingumthumeli obalulekile wemikhiqizo yezolimo emhlabeni, futhi ezolimo zithembele kakhulu kudatha yesimo sezulu. E-Mato Grosso, e-Brazil, abalimi besoya nommbila bathole ukuphathwa kwezolimo okunembayo ngokuthumela iziteshi zesimo sezulu. Izicelo eziqondile zimi kanje:
Indlela yokusatshalaliswa: Faka iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezizenzakalelayo endaweni yokulima, lapho kufakwa isiteshi esisodwa njalo ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10.
Amapharamitha wokuqapha: izinga lokushisa, imvula, umswakama, isivinini somoya, imisebe yelanga, njll.
Umthelela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Abalimi bangakwazi ukulungisa izikhathi zokuhlwanyela nokunisela ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela yesimo sezulu ukuze banciphise ukumosheka kwamanzi.
Ngokubikezela imvula nesomiso, thuthukisa ukuvundisa kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izinambuzane ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sezitshalo.
Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kukabhontshisi wesoya e-Mato Grosso kukhuphuke cishe ngo-12% ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwedatha enembile yesimo sezulu.
Icala 2: Inethiwekhi yesiteshi sezulu e-Andes yasePeru
I-Andes yasePeru iyindawo ebalulekile yokutshala amazambane nommbila, kodwa lesi sifunda sinesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo, nesithwathwa njalo nesomiso. Uhulumeni wasePeru ubambisene nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ukuze kusungulwe inethiwekhi yeziteshi zesimo sezulu e-Andes ukuze kusekelwe intuthuko yezolimo yendawo. Izicelo eziqondile zimi kanje:
Indlela yokusabalalisa: Faka iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezincane ezindaweni eziphakeme ukuze zihlanganise izindawo ezinkulu zezolimo.
Amapharamitha wokuqapha: izinga lokushisa, imvula, isivinini somoya, isixwayiso sesithwathwa, njll.
Umthelela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Abalimi bangathola izexwayiso zesithwathwa ezikhishwa iziteshi zesimo sezulu ngomakhalekhukhwini babo, bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi, futhi banciphise ukulahleka kwezitshalo.
Idatha yesimo sezulu isiza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokunisela futhi inciphise umthelela wesomiso kwezolimo.
Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane esifundeni kukhuphuke ngo-15% ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu.
Icala 3: Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu ePampas yase-Argentina
I-Pampas yase-Argentina iyindawo ebalulekile yemfuyo kanye nokutshala okusanhlamvu eNingizimu Melika, kodwa isifunda sivame ukuphazanyiswa isomiso nezikhukhula. I-Argentina National Meteorological Service ithumele inethiwekhi eminyene yeziteshi zesimo sezulu e-Pampas ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo nemfuyo. Izicelo eziqondile zimi kanje:
Indlela yokusatshalaliswa: Faka iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezizenzakalelayo ezindaweni ezinotshani nasemapulazini, kanti isiteshi esisodwa sitshalwa njalo ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-20.
Imingcele yokuqapha: imvula, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, isivinini somoya, ukuhwamuka, njll.
Umthelela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Abafuyi bangakwazi ukulungisa izinhlelo zokuklama ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu ukuze bagweme ukulimala kwemfuyo esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Abalimi basebenzisa idatha yezulu ukuze bandise ukuchelela kanye nezikhathi zokuhlwanyela ukuze bandise isivuno sikakolweni nommbila.
Ngo-2022, ukuvunwa okusanhlamvu ePampas kukhuphuke ngo-8% ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu.
Icala 4: Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu ezifundeni zewayini zaseChile
I-Chile ingumkhiqizi wewayini obalulekile eNingizimu Melika, futhi ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi kuzwela kakhulu izimo zezulu. Esifundeni esimaphakathi nesigodi saseChile, izindawo zokukhiqiza iwayini zizuze ukuphathwa okucolisisiwe kokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi ngokuthumela iziteshi zesimo sezulu. Izicelo eziqondile zimi kanje:
Indlela yokusatshalaliswa: Faka iziteshi zesimo sezulu esincanyana esivinini, kutshalwe isiteshi esisodwa njalo kumahektha ayi-5.
Amapharamitha wokuqapha: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imvula, imisebe yelanga, isixwayiso sesithwathwa, njll.
Umthelela wohlelo lokusebenza:
Amawayini angalungisa izinhlelo zokuchelela kanye nokuvundisa ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yamagilebhisi.
Uhlelo lokuxwayisa ngesithwathwa lusiza izitolo zewayini ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuvikela imivini ekulimaleni kwesithwathwa.
Ngo-2021, isivuno sewayini kanye nekhwalithi esigodini esimaphakathi neChile kwaba ngcono kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zesimo sezulu.
3. Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zezulu eNingizimu Melika kunikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha okubalulekile kwezolimo, ukufuywa kwezilwane, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye neminye imikhakha, okusiza ukubhekana nezinselele ezilethwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, iziteshi zesimo sezulu azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngamathuluzi anamandla okuxwayisa ngezinhlekelele nocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuthazwa kwesicelo, amathuba okufaka isicelo eziteshini zezulu eNingizimu Melika azoba banzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-18-2025