Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka ngamandla, iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ibhekene nosongo oluvame kakhulu lwezikhukhula kanye nesomiso. Uhlobo olusha lwesiteshi sesimo sezulu oluhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuqapha ehlakaniphile kanye neyokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi lusetshenziswa kabanzi ohlelweni lokonga amanzi lwalesi sifunda, luhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha enembile yokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ukuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ngezikhukhula kanye nokuthunyelwa kosizo lwesomiso, futhi selube amandla abalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe okuvikela ukuphepha kokonga amanzi.
Izinselele zesimo sezulu ezibhekene nokuphathwa kokulondolozwa kwamanzi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Uhlelo lokonga amanzi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lubhekene novivinyo olunzima
• Imvula enkulu evame ukuna: Imvula enkulu engazelelwe ibangela ukuthi izinga lamanzi emifuleni likhuphuke ngokushesha, futhi isikhathi sokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula asanele.
• Ukuguquka okungazelelwe kusuka kwesomiso kuya esikhukhuleni: Isomiso sesizini sishintshana nemvula enkulu, okwenza ukwabiwa kwemithombo yamanzi kube nzima kakhulu
• Ukuntuleka kwedatha: Imininingwane yesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezikude ayinalutho, futhi izinqumo zokulondolozwa kwamanzi azinasisekelo
• Ukugqwala kwemishini: Izindawo ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu zifinyeza isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini yendabuko
Intuthuko entsha eziteshini zezulu ezikhethekile zokulondolozwa kwamanzi
Ngenxa yezici zezindawo zokulondolozwa kwamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo, isizukulwane esisha seziteshi zezulu sifinyelele impumelelo kwezobuchwepheshe:
• Ukucushwa kohlobo lwesixwayiso sezikhukhula: Kuhlonyiswe ngezinzwa eziningi ezifana namageyiji emvula (ukunemba ±0.2mm), amageyiji ezinga lamanzi, kanye namamitha okugeleza
• Umklamo ovikela kakhulu ukugqwala: Umzimba oyinhloko wensimbi engagqwali engu-316, omelana nokugqwala kokufuthwa ngosawoti isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-2000
• Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla elanga: Lungasebenza ngokuqhubekayo izinsuku ezingu-30 ngezinsuku zemvula, luqinisekisa ukuqapha okungaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sezikhukhula
•4G/ Ukudluliselwa okubili kwesathelayithi: Idatha ingahlala ibushelelezi ngisho nasezindaweni ezingenayo isignali
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kuthole imiphumela emangalisayo
I-Mekong River Basin (izingxenye zaseThailand naseVietnam)
Isikhathi sokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula seluliwe kusukela emahoreni ama-2 kuya emahoreni ayi-12
Ngo-2023, kwaxwayiswa ngempumelelo ngeziqongo ezintathu ezinkulu zezikhukhula, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa komnotho ngamadola aseMelika angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi.
Izinga lokunemba lokubikezela izinga lamanzi lifinyelela ku-90%, okuholela amadamu okugcina amanzi ukuba akhiphe amanzi ezikhukhula kusenesikhathi.
Isifunda seziqhingi zase-Indonesia
Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwendlela yokuhamba kwesikhungo semvula
Ngo-2024, kwaxwayiswa kusengaphambili ngezinhlekelele ezingu-17 zezikhukhula zezintaba ngesikhathi semvula.
Nikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha ebalulekile ngezinqumo zokuthutha abantu
Uhlelo Lwamanzi lwasePhilippines
• Ukuqapha okunembile kwezinhlelo zamafu emvula ngezikhathi zesomiso
Qondisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuthunyelwa kwamachibi okugcina amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela lenyuke ngo-35%
Uhulumeni kanye nomnyango wokulondolozwa kwamanzi baphendule kahle
Iminyango yokongiwa kwamanzi emazweni amaningi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia isheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo
UMnyango Wezinsizakusebenza Zamanzi waseThailand usemise iziteshi zokuqapha ezingama-200 eMfuleni iMekong
UMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya waseVietnam ufake lolu hlelo ohlelweni lokwakha ukongiwa kwamanzi okuhlakaniphile
I-Indonesian Disaster Prevention and Control Agency isungule inethiwekhi kazwelonke yokuxwayisa kusengaphambili ngezikhukhula zezintaba
I-Philippine Meteorological and Hydrological Service ithuthukise uhlelo lokuqapha izigodi zemifula
Ubufakazi bobufakazi bomsebenzisi
Unjiniyela wokulondolozwa kwamanzi waseThailand uSongchai uthe, “Lolu hlelo lusenze sakwazi ukuqapha imvula ngesikhathi sangempela okokuqala ngqa. Isikhathi sokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula sesikhuphuke ngamahora ayi-10, okusindisa inani elikhulu lamapulazi angaphansi komfula.”
UNguyen Van Phuc, umlimi eMekong Delta yaseVietnam, uthe, “Manje omakhalekhukhwini bethu sebengathola izexwayiso eziqondene namazinga amanzi aqondene nezinga ledolobha. Akusadingeki sikhathazeke ngezikhukhula ezizumayo phakathi kobusuku.”
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yesistimu
1. Ukubikezela izikhukhula okuhlakaniphile: Ngokusekelwe kumodeli yemvula nokugeleza kwamanzi, khiqiza izibikezelo zezikhukhula emifuleni
2. Ukuqapha nokuhlola isomiso: Ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokukhishwa kwezixwayiso zesomiso
3. Ukuhlela kahle imithombo yamanzi: Nikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha okunembile kokuhlela amadamu
4. Ukusekelwa komyalo wezimo eziphuthumayo: Nikeza idatha yemvula kanye nezimo zamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwemikhuba yesikhathi eside: Qoqa idatha ye-hydrological ukuze usekele ukuhlela ukongiwa kwamanzi
Uhlelo lokukhushulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa
Ngokusekelwa yizinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, lo msebenzi ukhuthazwa ngokushesha
I-Asian Development Bank inikeza ukwesekwa kwemali mboleko enezinkontileka
I-United Nations Agency for Disaster Risk Reduction inikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe
I-China isize ekwakheni amanethiwekhi okuqapha eLaos naseCambodia
I-Singapore inikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kwepulatifomu yokucubungula idatha
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo
Njengoba uhlelo luqhubeka luthuthuka, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025:
Ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-90% emifuleni emikhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Isexwayiso sezikhukhula sifike emahoreni angama-24 ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Izinga lokunemba lokubikezela isomiso lidlula u-85%
Nciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okubangelwa yizikhukhula ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-30
Ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe
UDkt. Nguyen, uchwepheshe wezokulondolozwa kwamanzi ovela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, uthe, “Lobu buchwepheshe bugcwalisa igebe ekuqapheni ukongiwa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo, buhlinzeka ngosekelo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe lokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi busebenza njengesiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuphepha kokongiwa kwamanzi esifundeni.”
Ukukhuthazwa nokusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo lokuqapha isimo sezulu oluhlakaniphile kwakhiwa umugqa wokuvikela wokulondolozwa kwamanzi wedijithali eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ovikela izimpilo kanye nezindlu kule ndawo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-09-2025