In imikhakha yokuqapha amanzi, ukugeleza kwamanzi emadolobheni, kanye nesixwayiso sezikhukhula, ukugeleza okunembayo nangokuthembekile emiseleni evulekile (njengemifula, imisele yokunisela, namapayipi okukhipha amanzi) kubalulekile. Izindlela ezivamile zokulinganisa izinga lesivinini samanzi ngokuvamile zidinga ukuthi izinzwa zicwiliswe emanzini, okuzenze zibe lula ekulimaleni kwenhlabathi, imfucumfucu, ukugqwala, nomthelela wezikhukhula. Ukuvela kwemitha yokugeleza kwe-radar ehlanganisiwe ye-hydrological, nezinzuzo zayo zokungathinteki, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi, kuzisingatha kahle lezi zinselele futhi kuya ngokuya kuba yisixazululo esithandwayo sokuqapha kwesimanje kwamanzi.
I. Iyini Imitha Yokugeleza “Ehlanganisiwe”?
Igama elithi “okuhlanganisiwe” libhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwemisebenzi yokulinganisa emithathu eyinhloko ibe idivayisi eyodwa:
- Ukukalwa Kwesivinini: Isebenzisa isimiso somphumela we-radar Doppler ngokukhipha ama-microwave ebusweni bamanzi futhi yamukele ama-echoes, ibala isivinini sokugeleza komhlaba ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kwemvamisa.
- Ukukalwa Kwezinga Lamanzi: Kuqasha ubuchwepheshe be-radar ye-radar ye-Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW), ukulinganisa ngokuqondile ibanga ukusuka kunzwa ukuya endaweni yamanzi ngokubala umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kokudluliswa kwe-microwave nokwamukela, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe izinga lamanzi.
- Ukubalwa Kwezinga Lokugeleza: Ifakwe iphrosesa esebenza kahle kakhulu, ibala ngokuzenzakalelayo amazinga okugeleza asheshayo kanye nenani elikhulayo lisebenzisa amamodeli we-hydraulic (isb., indlela yendawo yesivinini) ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zesikhathi sangempela sezinga lamanzi nesivinini, kuhlanganiswe nokuma kweshaneli okuphambana kwengxenye yangaphambili nobukhulu (isb, unxande, unxande, unxande).
II. Izici Eziyinhloko Nezinzuzo
- Isilinganiso Sokungathintana Ngokugcwele
- Isici: Inzwa imisiwe ngaphezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuthintana okuqondile nomzimba wamanzi.
- Inzuzo: Igwema ngokuphelele izinkinga ezinjengokunqwabelana kwenhlabathi, ukugoqwa kwemfucumfucu, ukugqwala, nokukhuhla, kwehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa nokuguga kwezinzwa. Ifanele ikakhulukazi izimo ezinzima njengezikhukhula kanye nendle.
- Ukunemba Okuphezulu Nokwethenjelwa
- Isici: Ubuchwepheshe be-radar bunikeza amandla aqinile okumelana nokuphazamiseka futhi akuthintwa kancane izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukunemba kwesilinganiso samanzi se-radar ye-FMCW kungafinyelela ku-±2mm, ngokulinganisa isivinini esizinzile.
- Inzuzo: Ihlinzeka ngedatha eqhubekayo, ezinzile, nenembile, enikeza isisekelo esithembekile sokwenza izinqumo.
- Ukufaka Easy and Maintenance
- Isici: Idinga kuphela ubakaki (isb., ebhulohweni noma epalini) ukuze kulungiswe inzwa ngaphezu kwesiteshi, iqondaniswe nesigaba esiphambanayo sokulinganisa. Asikho isidingo sezakhiwo zomphakathi ezifana nemithombo yokuthulisa noma ama-flumes.
- Inzuzo: Kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukufaka ubunjiniyela, kufinyeza isikhathi sokwakha, kunciphisa izindleko zomphakathi kanye nezingozi zokufaka. Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kuhilela kuphela ukugcina ilensi ye-radar ihlanzekile, ukunciphisa imizamo yokulondoloza.
- Ukusebenza Okudidiyelwe, Kuhlakaniphe futhi Kuyasebenza
- Isici: Idizayini "ehlanganisiwe" ingena esikhundleni sokusethwa kwamadivayisi amaningi okujwayelekile njengokuthi "inzwa yeleveli yamanzi + inzwa ye-flow velocity + iyunithi yokubala yokugeleza."
- Inzuzo: Yenza ukwakheka kwesistimu kube lula futhi yehlise amaphuzu angaba khona okuhluleka. Ama-algorithms akhelwe ngaphakathi enza ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izibalo futhi adlulisele idatha ukude nge-4G/5G, i-LoRa, i-Ethernet, njll., evumela ukusebenza okungenamuntu nokuqapha okukude.
- Ububanzi Obubanzi Nokusebenziseka Okubanzi
- Isici: Iyakwazi ukulinganisa kokubili ukugeleza kwesivinini esiphansi kanye nezikhukhula ezinesivinini esikhulu, nezinga lesilinganiso samanzi lifinyelela kububanzi obungamamitha angu-30 noma ngaphezulu.
- Inzuzo: Ifanele ukugadwa isikhathi esigcwele kusukela ezikhathini ezomile kuya kwezikhukhula. Idivayisi ngeke icwiliswe emanzini noma yonakaliswe ngenxa yokwenyuka okungazelelwe kwezinga lamanzi, okuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha okungaphazamiseki.
III. Izimo Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile
Ikesi 1: I-Urban Smart Drainage kanye nesexwayiso sokugcwala kwamanzi
- Isimo: Idolobhakazi elikhulu lidinga ukuqapha izinga lamanzi kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwamapayipi okudonsa amanzi abalulekile nemifula ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze libhekane neziphepho ezinamandla futhi liqalise ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zokugeleza kwamanzi ngokushesha.
- Inkinga: Izinzwa zendabuko ezicwilisiwe zivaleka kalula noma zonakaliswe udoti phakathi nezimvula ezinkulu, futhi ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo nokugcinwa kwazo emithonjeni kunzima futhi kuyingozi.
- Isixazululo: Faka amamitha okugeleza kwe-radar adidiyelwe ezindaweni eziyinhloko zamapayipi nasezindaweni eziwela imifula, afakwe emabhulohweni noma ezigxotsheni ezinikezelwe.
- Umphumela: Amadivayisi asebenza ngokuzinzile 24/7, alayisha idatha yokugeleza kwesikhathi sangempela kuplathifomu yokulawulwa kwamanzi ehlakaniphile yedolobha. Lapho amazinga okugeleza ekhuphuka, ekhombisa ukwanda kobungozi bokugcwala kwamanzi, uhlelo lukhipha izexwayiso ngokuzenzakalelayo, lunikeze isikhathi sokuphendula esibalulekile. Isilinganiso esingathintana nabo siqinisekisa ukunemba ngisho nasezimeni ezigcwele udoti, sisusa isidingo sokuthi abasebenzi bangene ezindaweni eziyingozi ukuze balungiswe.
Ikesi 2: Ukuqapha Ukukhishwa Kokugeleza Kwemvelo Kunjiniyela Wamanzi
- Isimo: Imithetho yezemvelo idinga iziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi kanye namadamu ukuthi akhiphe “ukugeleza kwemvelo” okuthile ukuze kugcinwe impilo ephansi komfula, okudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuthobela.
- Inkinga: Izitolo ezikhiphayo zifaka izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinokugeleza okuneziyaluyalu, okwenza ukufakwa kwensimbi evamile kube nzima futhi kujwayeleke konakale.
- Isixazululo: Faka amamitha okugeleza kwe-radar ahlanganisiwe ngaphezu kweziteshi zokukhipha ukuze ulinganise ngokuqondile isivinini kanye nezinga lamanzi lokugeleza okukhishiwe.
- Umphumela: Idivayisi ikala ngokunembile ukugeleza kwedatha engaphazanyiswa isiphithiphithi nokuchaphazwa, ikhiqize imibiko ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthobela imithetho yeziphathimandla zokuphatha imithombo yamanzi ngenkathi kugwema ubunzima bokufaka imishini ezindaweni eziyingozi.
Icala 3: Ukukalwa Kwamanzi Okunisela Kwezolimo
- Isimo: Izifunda ezinkulu zokunisela zidinga ukulinganiswa okunembile kokukha amanzi emazingeni ahlukene eziteshi ukuze kukhokhelwe umthamo.
- Inkinga: Amashaneli aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-sediment, angangcwaba izinzwa zokuxhumana. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuxhumana kuyinselele.
- Isixazululo: Sebenzisa amamitha okugeleza erada ahlanganisiwe asebenza ngamandla elanga afakwe kumabhuloho okulinganisa phezu kwamashaneli asepulazini.
- Umphumela: Ukulinganisa okungaxhunywana naye kuziba izinkinga zenhlabathi, amandla elanga axazulula izinkinga zokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo kunika amandla ukukalwa kwamanzi okunisela okuzenzakalelayo nokunembayo, ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
Icala lesi-4: Ukwakhiwa Kwesiteshi Sezinto Ezisebenza Ngamanzi Semifula Emincane Nesayizi Emaphakathi
- Isimo: Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ze-hydrological ezindaweni ezikude emifuleni emincane nephakathi nendawo njengengxenye yenethiwekhi kazwelonke yezamanzi.
- Inkinga: Izindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kanye nokunakekelwa okunzima, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezikhukhula lapho ukukala kwamanzi kuyingozi futhi kuyinselele.
- Isixazululo: Sebenzisa amamitha okugeleza kwerada adidiyelwe njengethuluzi lokulinganisa ukugeleza okuyinhloko, elihambisana nemithombo elula yokumisa (ukulinganisa) kanye nezinhlelo zamandla elanga ukuze kwakhiwe iziteshi zamanzi ezingenamuntu.
- Umphumela: Yehlisa ngokuphawulekayo ubunzima bobunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nezindleko zokwakha iziteshi ze-hydrological, ivumela ukuqapha ukugeleza okuzenzakalelayo, iqede izingozi zokuphepha kubasebenzi ngesikhathi sokukalwa kwezikhukhula, futhi ithuthukisa ukufika kwesikhathi nokuphelela kwedatha ye-hydrological.
IV. Isifinyezo
Ngezici zayo ezivelele zokusebenza okungathinteki, ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu, ukufakwa kalula, nokugcinwa okuncane, imitha yokugeleza kwe-hydrological radar ehlanganisiwe ilungisa kabusha izindlela zendabuko zokuqapha ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ibhekana ngokuphelele nezinselelo zokulinganisa ezimweni ezinzima futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emithonjeni yasemadolobheni, ubunjiniyela be-hydraulic, ukuqapha imvelo, ukuchelela ngenkasa kwezolimo, neminye imikhakha eminingi. Inikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha okuqinile kanye nesiqiniseko sobuchwepheshe sokuphathwa kwamanzi ngobuhlakani, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, nokuvimbela izikhukhula nesomiso, okuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokuqapha amanzi.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2025