I-Community Weather Information Network (Co-WIN) iyiphrojekthi ehlangene phakathi kwe-Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), i-University of Hong Kong kanye ne-Chinese University of Hong Kong. Ihlinzeka izikole ezihlanganyelayo kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ngeplatifomu eku-inthanethi yokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lobuchwepheshe ukuze ibasize ukufaka nokuphatha iziteshi zezulu ezizenzakalelayo (AWS) futhi inikeze umphakathi idatha yokubuka okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene, imvula, isiqondiso somoya kanye nesivinini, kanye nokucindezela komoya, imisebe yelanga kanye ne-UV index. Ngale nqubo, abafundi abahlanganyelayo bathola amakhono anjengokusebenza kwezinsimbi, ukuqaphela isimo sezulu, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. I-AWS Co-WIN ilula kodwa iyasebenziseka. Ake sibone ukuthi ihluke kanjani ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile kwe-HKKO ku-AWS.
I-Co-WIN AWS isebenzisa ama-thermometer okumelana nama-hygrometer amancane kakhulu futhi afakwe ngaphakathi kwesivikelo selanga. Isivikelo sifeza injongo efanayo nesivikelo sikaStevenson ku-AWS ejwayelekile, sivikela izinzwa zokushisa nomswakama ekuchayekeni ngqo elangeni nasemvula ngenkathi sivumela ukujikeleza komoya kwamahhala.
Ku-observatory ejwayelekile ye-AWS, kufakwa ama-thermometer okumelana ne-platinum ngaphakathi kwesivikelo sikaStevenson ukuze kulinganiswe amazinga okushisa ebhalbhu elomile kanye nebhalbhu emanzi, okuvumela ukuba kubalwe umswakama ohlobene. Abanye basebenzisa izinzwa zomswakama ezikwazi ukulinganisa umswakama ohlobene. Ngokwezincomo ze-World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), izikrini ezijwayelekile zikaStevenson kufanele zifakwe phakathi kwamamitha angu-1.25 nama-2 ngaphezu komhlaba. I-Co-WIN AWS ivame ukufakwa ophahleni lwesakhiwo sesikole, inikeza ukukhanya okungcono kanye nomoya wokungenisa umoya, kodwa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ukusuka phansi.
Zombili i-Co-WIN AWS kanye ne-Standard AWS zisebenzisa ama-tipping bucket rain gauge ukukala imvula. I-Co-WIN tipping bucket rain gauge itholakala phezulu kwesivikelo somsebe welanga. Ku-AWS ejwayelekile, i-rain gauge ivame ukufakwa endaweni evulekile kahle phansi.
Njengoba amaconsi emvula engena esikalini semvula sebhakede, kancane kancane agcwalisa elinye lamabhakede amabili. Lapho amanzi emvula efika ezingeni elithile, ibhakede liyathambekela kolunye uhlangothi ngaphansi kwesisindo salo, likhiphe amanzi emvula. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, elinye ibhakede liyaphakama bese liqala ukugcwala. Phinda ukugcwalisa nokuthulula. Inani lemvula lingabalwa ngokubala ukuthi lithambekela kangaki.
Zombili i-Co-WIN AWS kanye ne-Standard AWS zisebenzisa ama-cup anemometers kanye nama-wind vanes ukukala isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso. I-standard AWS wind sensor ifakwe ku-wind mast engamamitha ayi-10, efakwe umqhubi wombani futhi ilinganisa umoya ngamamitha ayi-10 ngaphezu komhlabathi ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-WMO. Akufanele kube nezithiyo eziphakeme eduze kwendawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yemikhawulo yendawo yokufaka, ama-wind sensor e-Co-WIN avame ukufakwa kuma-mast amamitha amaningana ukuphakama ophahleni lwezakhiwo zemfundo. Kungase kube nezakhiwo ezinde eduze.
I-barometer ye-Co-WIN AWS i-piezoresistive futhi yakhelwe ngaphakathi kwekhonsoli, kanti i-AWS ejwayelekile ivame ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elihlukile (njenge-capacitance barometer) ukukala umfutho womoya.
Izinzwa ze-AWS ze-Co-WIN ze-AWS kanye ne-UV zifakwe eduze kwegeyiji yemvula yebhakede eligobhozayo. Inkomba yezinga inamathiselwe kunzwa ngayinye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa isendaweni evundlile. Ngakho-ke, inzwa ngayinye inomfanekiso ocacile wesibhakabhaka ukuze ilinganise imisebe yelanga yomhlaba wonke kanye nobukhulu be-UV. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Hong Kong Observatory isebenzisa ama-pyranometer athuthukile kakhulu kanye nama-radiometer e-ultraviolet. Afakwe ku-AWS ekhethelwe ngokukhethekile, lapho kunendawo evulekile yokubuka imisebe yelanga kanye nobukhulu bemisebe ye-UV.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-AWS ezuzisa bonke noma i-AWS ejwayelekile, kunezidingo ezithile zokukhetha indawo. I-AWS kufanele ibekwe kude nama-air conditioner, phansi kokhonkolo, izindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya kanye nezindonga eziphakeme. Kufanele futhi ibekwe lapho umoya ungajikeleza khona ngokukhululeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izilinganiso zokushisa zingase zithinteke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igeyiji yemvula akufanele ifakwe ezindaweni ezinomoya ukuvimbela amanzi emvula ukuthi angapheshulwa yimimoya enamandla futhi afinyelele igeyiji yemvula. Ama-anemometer nama-weather vanes kufanele afakwe phezulu ngokwanele ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvinjelwa kwezakhiwo ezizungezile.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhetha indawo ezingenhla ze-AWS, i-Observatory yenza yonke imizamo yokufaka i-AWS endaweni evulekile, engenazo izithiyo ezakhiweni eziseduze. Ngenxa yemingcele yemvelo yesakhiwo sesikole, amalungu e-Co-WIN ngokuvamile kufanele afake i-AWS ophahleni lwesakhiwo sesikole.
I-Co-WIN AWS ifana ne-"Lite AWS". Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, i-Co-WIN AWS "ingabizi kakhulu kodwa inzima" - ibamba izimo zezulu kahle kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-AWS ejwayelekile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Observatory iqalise inethiwekhi yolwazi lomphakathi yesizukulwane esisha, i-Co-WIN 2.0, esebenzisa ama-microsensor ukukala umoya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene, njll. I-sensor ifakiwe endlini enesibani. Ezinye izingxenye, njengezihlangu zelanga, zikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Co-WIN 2.0 isebenzisa ezinye izindlela zomthombo ovulekile kokubili kuma-microcontroller kanye nesofthiwe, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kanye nehadiwe. Umqondo ngemuva kwe-Co-WIN 2.0 ukuthi abafundi bangafunda ukudala i-"DIY AWS" yabo futhi bathuthukise isofthiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Observatory iphinde ihlele amakilasi aphezulu abafundi. I-Hong Kong Observatory ithuthukise i-columnar AWS esekelwe ku-Co-WIN 2.0 AWS futhi yayisebenzisa ukuze kuqashwe isimo sezulu sendawo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 14-2024