Njengenye yamazwe anemithombo eminingi yamandla elanga emhlabeni jikelele, iSaudi Arabia ithuthukisa ngamandla imboni yayo yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic ukuze iqhubekisele phambili ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla. Kodwa-ke, izivunguvungu zesihlabathi ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasehlane zibangela ukunqwabelana okukhulu kothuli ezindaweni zamaphaneli e-PV, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza amandla—into ebalulekile evimbela izinzuzo zezomnotho zezitshalo zamandla elanga. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile isimo samanje semishini yokuhlanza amaphaneli e-PV eSaudi Arabia, sigxile endleleni izixazululo zokuhlanza ezihlakaniphile ezakhiwe yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe baseShayina ezibhekana ngayo nezinselele zezindawo eziwugwadule kakhulu. Ngezifundo eziningi zamacala, sibonisa izinzuzo zazo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho. Kusukela ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu kuya edolobheni lase-NEOM, kanye nasezinhlelweni zendabuko ze-PV ezihleliwe kuya ezinhlelweni zokulandelela, la madivayisi okuhlanza ahlakaniphile aguqula kabusha amamodeli okulungisa i-Saudi PV ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu, izici zokonga amanzi, kanye namakhono okuzenzakalelayo, ngenkathi enikeza izindlela zobuchwepheshe eziphindaphindwayo zokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Izinselele Zothuli Nezidingo Zokuhlanza Embonini Ye-PV YaseSaudi Arabia
I-Saudi Arabia inezinsizakusebenza zamandla elanga ezimangalisayo, ngamahora okukhanya kwelanga adlula ama-3,000 kanye namathuba okukhiqizwa kwe-PV afinyelela ku-2,200 TWh/ngonyaka, okwenza kube ngesinye sezifunda ezithembisa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-PV. Iqhutshwa isu likazwelonke elithi “Vision 2030”, i-Saudi Arabia isheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamandla avuselelekayo, ihlose amandla avuselelekayo angu-58.7 GW ngo-2030, kanti i-PV yelanga iyingxenye enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi indawo enkulu yasehlane lase-Saudi Arabia inikeza isikhala esanele sezitshalo zelanga, iphinde iveze izinselele zokusebenza ezihlukile - ukuqongelela uthuli okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kahle.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kwezinye izingxenye ze-Arabian Peninsula, amaphaneli e-PV angalahlekelwa ngu-0.4–0.8% wokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokungcola kothuli, kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka kudlule u-60% ngesikhathi seziphepho ezinkulu zesihlabathi. Lokhu kwehla kokusebenza kahle kuthinta ngqo imbuyiselo yezomnotho yezitshalo ze-PV, okwenza ukuhlanza amamodyuli kube yingxenye eyinhloko yokugcinwa kwe-PV yasehlane. Uthuli luthinta amaphaneli e-PV ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: okokuqala, izinhlayiya zothuli zivimba ukukhanya kwelanga, zinciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-photon ngamaseli elanga; okwesibili, izendlalelo zothuli zakha izithiyo zokushisa, zandisa amazinga okushisa amamodyuli futhi zehlisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa; kanti okwesithathu, izingxenye ezibolayo othulini oluthile zingabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside ezindaweni zengilazi kanye nozimele bensimbi.
Izimo zezulu eziyingqayizivele zaseSaudi Arabia ziyandisa le nkinga. Isifunda esisogwini loLwandle Olubomvu entshonalanga yeSaudi Arabia asigcini nje ngokubhekana nothuli olunzima kodwa futhi nomoya onosawoti omningi, okuholela ekuxubeni okunamathelayo kothuli lukasawoti ezindaweni zamamojula. Isifunda esisempumalanga sibhekene neziphepho zesihlabathi ezivame ukulahla uthuli olujiyile kumaphaneli e-PV esikhathini esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSaudi Arabia ibhekene nokuntuleka kwamanzi okukhulu, kanti u-70% wamanzi aphuzwayo athembele ekususeni usawoti emanzini, okwenza izindlela zokuwasha zendabuko ezisetshenziswa ngesandla zibize kakhulu futhi zingaqhubeki. Lezi zici zizonke zidala isidingo esiphuthumayo sezixazululo zokuhlanza ze-PV ezizenzakalelayo nezisebenzisa amanzi kahle.
Ithebula: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezimpawu Zokungcola Kwephaneli ye-PV Ezifundeni Ezihlukene zaseSaudi
| Isifunda | Izinto Ezingcolisayo Eziyinhloko | Izici Zokungcola | Izinselele Zokuhlanza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ugu Lolwandle Olubomvu | Isihlabathi esihle + usawoti | Inamathela kakhulu, iyagqwala | Kudinga izinto ezingagqwali, ukuhlanzwa njalo |
| Ugwadule Oluphakathi | Izinhlayiya zesihlabathi esiqinile | Ukuqongelela okusheshayo, ukumbozwa okukhulu | Idinga ukuhlanzwa okunamandla amakhulu, umklamo omelana nokuguguleka |
| Indawo Yezimboni YaseMpumalanga | Uthuli lwezimboni + isihlabathi | Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, okunzima ukukususa | Kudinga ukuhlanzwa okunemisebenzi eminingi, ukumelana namakhemikhali |
Ukubhekana naleli phuzu elibuhlungu embonini, imakethe ye-PV yaseSaudi Arabia ishintsha kusukela ekuhlanzeni ngesandla kuya ekuhlanzeni okuzenzakalelayo okuhlakaniphile. Izindlela zendabuko zesandla zibonisa imikhawulo ecacile eSaudi Arabia: ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo ezikude zasehlane zenza izindleko zabasebenzi ziphakame kakhulu; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushoda kwamanzi kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kokugeza okunomfutho ophezulu. Izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi ezitshalweni ezikude, izindleko zokuhlanza ngesandla zingafinyelela ku-$12,000 nge-MW ngonyaka, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kuphikisana namasu okonga amanzi aseSaudi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amarobhothi okuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo abonisa izinzuzo ezibalulekile, onge ngaphezu kuka-90% wezindleko zabasebenzi ngenkathi enza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokulawula okunembile imvamisa yokuhlanza kanye nokuqina.
Uhulumeni waseSaudi kanye nomkhakha ozimele bayaqaphela ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obuhlakaniphile, bekhuthaza ngokusobala izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo kuHlelo Lukazwelonke Lwamandla Avuselelekayo (i-NREP). Lesi siqondiso senqubomgomo sisheshise ukwamukelwa kwamarobhothi okuhlanza ezimakethe ze-PV zaseSaudi. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zaseShayina, ngemikhiqizo yazo evuthiwe kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi kokusetshenziswa kwasehlane, ziye zaba abahlinzeki abaphambili emakethe yokuhlanza i-PV yaseSaudi Arabia. Isibonelo, iRenoglean Technology, umlingani we-ecosystem weSungrow, ithole ama-oda amarobhothi okuhlanza angaphezu kuka-13 GW eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ephuma njengomholi wemakethe eSaudi Arabia wezixazululo zokuhlanza ezihlakaniphile.
Ngokombono wentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, imakethe yokuhlanza i-PV yaseSaudi Arabia ikhombisa izitayela ezintathu ezicacile: okokuqala, ukuvela ekuhlanzeni okusebenzayo okukodwa kuya ekusebenzeni okuhlanganisiwe, ngamarobhothi afaka ngokwengeziwe amakhono okuhlola kanye nokuthola izindawo ezishisayo; okwesibili, ukushintsha kusuka ezixazululweni ezingenisiwe kuya ekuzivumelaniseni kwendawo, ngemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso zesimo sezulu saseSaudi; kanye nesithathu, ukuthuthuka kusuka ekusebenzeni okuzimele kuya ekubambisaneni kwesistimu, okuhlanganiswa ngokujulile nezinhlelo zokulandelela kanye namapulatifomu ahlakaniphile e-O&M. Lezi zitayela ziqhubela phambili ukulungiswa kwe-PV yaseSaudi kuya ekuthuthukisweni okuhlakaniphile nokusebenzayo, okunikeza isiqinisekiso sobuchwepheshe sokufeza imigomo yamandla avuselelekayo ngaphansi kwe-“Vision 2030.”
Izici Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nokwakheka Kwesistimu Yamarobhothi Okuhlanza I-PV
Amarobhothi okuhlanza ahlakaniphile e-PV, njengezixazululo zobuchwepheshe bezindawo zasehlane laseSaudi, ahlanganisa izinto ezintsha kulo lonke ubunjiniyela bemishini, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-IoT. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko, izinhlelo zerobhothi zanamuhla zibonisa izinzuzo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, ngemiklamo eyinhloko ejikeleza imigomo emine: ukususwa kothuli okuphumelelayo, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi, ukulawula okuhlakaniphile, kanye nokuthembeka. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu sasehlane laseSaudi Arabia, lezi zici zibonakala zibaluleke kakhulu, zithinta ngqo izindleko zokulungisa zesikhathi eside kanye nemali engenayo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Ngokombono wemishini, amarobhothi okuhlanza emakethe yaseSaudi ahlukaniswa kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili: afakwe esitimeleni kanye naziqhuba ngokwawo. Amarobhothi afakwe esitimeleni ngokuvamile anamathela ezisekelweni ze-PV array, efinyelela ukumbozwa okugcwele kobuso ngemizila noma izinhlelo zekhebula—okufanelekile ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezifakwe phansi. Amarobhothi aziqhuba ngokwawo anikeza ukuhamba okukhulu, afanelekela i-PV yophahla esakazekile noma indawo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kumamojula amabili kanye nezinhlelo zokulandelela ezisetshenziswa kabanzi eSaudi Arabia, abakhiqizi abaphambili abanjengoRenoglean bathuthukise amarobhothi akhethekile aqukethe "ubuchwepheshe bebhuloho" obuhlukile obuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okuguquguqukayo phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuhlanza nezindlela zokulandelela, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanza okuphumelelayo ngisho nalapho ama-array elungisa ama-engeli.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezindlela zokuhlanza zifaka phakathi amabhulashi ajikelezayo, amadivayisi okususa uthuli, izinhlelo zokushayela, kanye namayunithi okulawula. Izidingo zemakethe yaseSaudi ziye zaqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kulezi zingxenye: amabhulashi ahlanganisiwe e-ultra-fine kanye ne-carbon-fiber asusa ngempumelelo uthuli olunamathelayo nosawoti ngaphandle kokuklwebha izindawo zemodyuli; ama-bearings azenzela ukugcoba kanye nama-motor avaliwe aqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi; ama-air blowers ahlanganisiwe anomfutho ophezulu abhekana nokungcola okuqinile ngenkathi enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Imodeli ye-PR200 kaRenoglean ifaka ngisho nohlelo lwebhulashi "oluzihlanzayo" olususa ngokuzenzakalelayo uthuli oluqongelelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lugcina ukusebenza kokuhlanza okuqhubekayo.
- Ukususwa Kothuli Okusebenzayo: Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza >99.5%, isivinini sokusebenza singamamitha angu-15–20 ngomzuzu
- Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile: Isekela ukuqapha okukude kwe-IoT, imvamisa yokuhlanza okuhleliwe kanye nezindlela
- Ukuzivumelanisa Nemvelo: Ibanga lokushisa lokusebenza -30°C kuya ku-70°C, isilinganiso sokuvikelwa kwe-IP68
- Umklamo Owonga Amanzi: Ngokuyinhloko ukuhlanza okomile, inkungu yamanzi encane ongayikhetha, usebenzisa amanzi angaphansi kuka-10% wokuhlanza ngesandla
- Ukuhambisana Okuphezulu: Ivumelana namamojula we-mono/bifacial, ama-tracker e-single-axis, kanye nezinhlelo ezahlukene zokufaka
Izinhlelo zokushayela kanye nogesi zinikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi eSaudi Arabia kunikeza izimo ezifanele zamarobhothi okuhlanza asebenzisa amandla elanga. Amamodeli amaningi asebenzisa izinhlelo zamandla amabili ezihlanganisa amaphaneli e-PV asebenza kahle kakhulu namabhethri e-lithium, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza ezinsukwini ezinamafu. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, ukuze kulungiswe ukushisa okukhulu kwehlobo, abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bathuthukise izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri ezihlukile besebenzisa izinto zokushintsha isigaba kanye nokupholisa okusebenzayo ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa okusebenza aphephile, okwandisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri. Kuma-drive motors, ama-brushless DC motors (BLDC) akhethwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle kakhulu kanye nokugcinwa okuphansi, asebenza ngezinciphisi zokunemba ukuze alethe ukubamba okwanele endaweni yesihlabathi.
Izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile zisebenza “njengobuchopho” berobhothi futhi zimele umehluko ohlukile kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Amarobhothi okuhlanza esimanje ngokuvamile anezinzwa eziningi zemvelo eziqapha ukuqongelela kothuli, izimo zezulu, kanye nokushisa kwemojuli ngesikhathi sangempela. Ama-algorithms e-AI alungisa ngokuguquguqukayo amasu okuhlanza asekelwe kulolu datha, ashintsha kusuka ekuhlanzweni okuhleliwe kuya ekuhlanzweni okufunwayo. Isibonelo, ukuqinisa ukuhlanza ngaphambi kweziphepho zesihlabathi ngenkathi kwandiswe izikhawu ngemva kwemvula. “Uhlelo Lokulawula Ukuxhumana Kwamafu” lukaRenoglean luphinde lusekele ukuhlanganiswa kwamarobhothi amaningi ezingeni lesitshalo, kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla okungadingekile emisebenzini yokuhlanza. Lezi zici ezihlakaniphile zivumela amarobhothi okuhlanza ukuthi alondoloze ukusebenza okuhle naphezu kwesimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo saseSaudi Arabia.
Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nokuphathwa kwedatha nakho kulungiselelwe izimo zaseSaudi. Njengoba kunezindawo eziningi ezikude zasehlane zezitshalo ze-PV ezinkulu ezinengqalasizinda embi, izinhlelo zamarobhothi okuhlanza zisebenzisa inethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe: emfushane nge-LoRa noma i-Zigbee mesh, ende nge-4G/satellite. Ukuze kuvikelwe idatha, izinhlelo zisekela isitoreji esibethelwe sendawo kanye nokusekela amafu, zihambisana nemithethonqubo yedatha yaseSaudi Arabia eqinile. Abaqhubi bangaqapha wonke amarobhothi ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula noma amapulatifomu ewebhu, bathole izexwayiso zamaphutha, futhi balungise amapharamitha akude—okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha.
Ukuze kuklanywe ukuqina, amarobhothi okuhlanza alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile kusukela ekukhetheni izinto kuya ekuphathweni kwendawo yokushisa okuphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nezindawo ezinosawoti omningi eSaudi Arabia. Amafreyimu e-aluminium alloy afakwa i-anodization, izixhumi ezibalulekile zisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nokugqwala kosawoti ogwini lolwandle olubomvu; zonke izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuvikela zezimboni ngokuvala okuhle kakhulu ekungeneni kwesihlabathi; imizila yerabha noma amathayi aklanywe ngokukhethekile agcina ukuqina ekushiseni okukhulu, avimbele ukuguga kwezinto kusukela ekushintsheni kokushisa kwasehlane. Le miklamo ivumela amarobhothi okuhlanza ukuthi afinyelele isikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokwehluleka (i-MTBF) esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-10,000 ezimweni ezinzima zaseSaudi, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa umjikelezo wokuphila.
Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamarobhothi okuhlanza e-PV eSaudi Arabia kuncike nasezinhlelweni zesevisi zasendaweni. Abakhiqizi abaphambili abanjengoRenoglean basungule izindawo zokugcina izingxenye kanye nezikhungo zokuqeqesha ubuchwepheshe eSaudi Arabia, behlakulela amaqembu okulungisa endawo ukuze aphendule ngokushesha. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemikhuba yamasiko aseSaudi, izixhumanisi kanye nemibhalo kuyatholakala ngesi-Arabhu, kanye namashejuli okulungisa alungiselelwe amaholide amaSulumane. Leli su elijulile lokwakha indawo aligcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kodwa futhi libeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuqhubeka nokwanda kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obuhlakaniphile baseShayina ezimakethe zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Ngokuthuthuka kwe-AI kanye ne-IoT, amarobhothi okuhlanza e-PV ashintsha esuka kumathuluzi okuhlanza alula abe ama-node ahlakaniphile e-O&M. Imikhiqizo yesizukulwane esisha manje ihlanganisa imishini yokuxilonga efana namakhamera okuthatha izithombe ezishisayo kanye nezikena ze-IV curve, zenza ukuhlolwa kwempilo yezingxenye ngesikhathi sokuhlanza; ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ahlaziya idatha yokuhlanza yesikhathi eside ukuze abikezele amaphethini okuqongelela uthuli kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwemodyuli. Le misebenzi enwetshiwe iphakamisa indima yamarobhothi okuhlanza ezitshalweni ze-PV zaseSaudi, iwaguqula kancane kancane esuka ezikhungweni zezindleko abe abadali benani abaletha imbuyiselo eyengeziwe kubatshalizimali bezitshalo.
Ikesi Lokuhlanza Elihlakaniphile Esikhungweni Se-PV Sasogwini Lolwandle Olubomvu
Iphrojekthi ye-PV yoLwandle Olubomvu engu-400 MW, njengesitshalo sokuqala esikhulu selanga eSaudi Arabia, ibhekane nezinselele ezivamile zosawoti omningi kanye nomswakama ophezulu esifundeni, yaba yisibonelo esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obuhlakaniphile baseShayina eSaudi Arabia. Yasungulwa yi-ACWA Power, le phrojekthi iyisici esibalulekile sezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo zaseSaudi "Vision 2030". Indawo yayo inezimo zezulu ezihlukile kakhulu: amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile onyaka adlula ama-30°C, umswakama ohlobene udlula njalo ama-60%, futhi umoya ogcwele usawoti wakha kalula uqweqwe oluqinile nothuli lukasawoti kumaphaneli e-PV—izimo lapho izindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko zibonakala zingasebenzi futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, iphrojekthi ekugcineni yamukela ikhambi lokuhlanza elenziwe ngokwezifiso likaRenoglean elisekelwe kumarobhothi okuhlanza e-PV ochungechunge lwe-PR, ehlanganisa izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe eziningi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinosawoti omningi: ozimele be-titanium alloy abamelana nokugqwala kanye nama-bearings avaliwe avimbela ukulimala kosawoti ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile; imicu yebhulashi ephathwe ngokukhethekile igwema ukumuncwa kwezinhlayiya zikasawoti kanye nokungcola kwesibili ngesikhathi sokuhlanza; izinhlelo zokulawula zengeze izinzwa zomswakama ukuze zilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqina kokuhlanza ngaphansi komswakama omningi ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi amarobhothi okuhlanza ephrojekthi athole isitifiketi sokulwa nokugqwala esiphezulu embonini ye-PV yomhlaba wonke, esimelela ikhambi lokuhlanza elithuthuke kakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukufakwa kwesistimu yokuhlanza yephrojekthi yoLwandle Olubomvu kubonise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okumangalisayo kobunjiniyela. Izisekelo ezithambile zasogwini zabangela ukuhlala okungalingani kwezinye izindawo zokubeka ama-array, okwaholela ekuphambukeni kwesitimela okusicaba kuze kufike ku-±15 cm. Ithimba lobuchwepheshe likaRenoglean lathuthukisa izinhlelo zokumiswa ezivumelanisa nezimo ezivumela amarobhothi okuhlanza ukuthi asebenze kahle kulo lonke umehluko wokuphakama, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukumbozwa kokuhlanza kuhlala kungathinteki yindawo. Uhlelo luphinde lwamukela imiklamo ye-modular, enamayunithi erobhothi elilodwa amboza cishe izingxenye ze-array ezingamamitha ayi-100—amayunithi angasebenza ngokuzimela noma axhumane ngokulawula okuphakathi ukuze kuphathwe kahle isitshalo sonke. Lo mklamo oguquguqukayo wenze lula kakhulu ukwanda kwesikhathi esizayo, okuvumela amandla esistimu yokuhlanza ukuthi akhule kanye namandla esitshalo.
Sicela uxhumane ne-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
Email: info@hondetech.com
Iwebhusayithi yenkampani:www.hondetechco.com
Ucingo: +86-15210548582
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-04-2025