Idethi: Januwari 21, 2025
Emadolobheni anempilo asakazeke kulo lonke elaseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, imvula ingaphezu nje kwesimo sezulu; kungamandla anamandla alolonga izimpilo zezigidi. Kusukela emigwaqweni ephithizelayo yaseBogotá, eColombia, kuya ezindleleni ezinhle zaseValparaíso, eChile, ukuphathwa ngokuphumelelayo kwemithombo yamanzi kuya kuba okubaluleke kakhulu njengoba amadolobha ebhekene nezinselele ezikhulayo ezihlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izikhukhula zasemadolobheni, nokuntuleka kwamanzi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaqala ukuvela ikhambi elisungulwe ophahleni lwezindlu, amapaki, nasezigcawini zomphakathi: izinzwa zegeji yemvula. Lawa madivayisi ahlakaniphile, alinganisa imvula ngokunembile ngesikhathi sangempela, avula indlela yokuhlelwa kwedolobha okuthuthukisiwe, ingqalasizinda esabelayo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi okukhuthazela.
Ukuphendukela Kubuchwepheshe: Ukunyuka Kwezinzwa Ze-Rain Gauge
Esikhathini esedlule, abahleli bedolobha babethembele emibikweni yesimo sezulu engavamile kanye nezindlela eziphelelwe yisikhathi zokuphatha amanzi ezikhukhula kanye nokwaba izinsiza. Ukwethulwa kwezinzwa zegeji yemvula kuguqule le paradigm ephelelwe yisikhathi. Ngokuhlinzeka ngedatha enembayo, esekelwe endaweni, lezi zinzwa zenza iziphathimandla zasemadolobheni zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, izinyathelo zokuvimbela izikhukhula, namasu okonga amanzi.
UMariana Cruz, unjiniyela wezemvelo osebenza ne-Bogotá Metropolitan Planning Institute, wachaza, “E-Bogotá, lapho imvula enamandla ingaholela ezikhukhuleni ezinkulu, ukuthola ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela kusisiza ukuba silindele futhi sisabele ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Ukwakha Amadolobha Ahlakaniphile: Ukuhlanganisa Izinzwa Ekuhleleni Amadolobha
Kulo lonke elaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, amadolobha asebenzisa amandla e-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) ukuze asebenzise izixazululo ezihlakaniphile zasemadolobheni. Emadolobheni afana ne-São Paulo, Brazil, ne-Quito, e-Ecuador, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa zokukala imvula atshalwe njengengxenye yezinhlelo zedolobha ezihlakaniphile.
Ngokwesibonelo, e-São Paulo, idolobhakazi lethule iphrojekthi ye-“Smart Rain”, ehlanganisa izinzwa ezingaphezu kuka-300 kuyo yonke indawo yedolobha. Lezi zinzwa zidlulisela idatha kusistimu yamafu emaphakathi esiza izikhulu zedolobha ziqaphe amaphethini emvula futhi zibikezele izikhukhula ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sangempela.
UCarlos Mendes, umphathi wephrojekthi kuHulumeni Wedolobha LaseSão Paulo, wabelane, “Ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo, singakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zedolobha ezisengozini yezikhukhula futhi sixwayise izakhamuzi ngaphambi kokugadla kwenhlekelele. Lobu buchwepheshe busindisa ukuphila nempahla.”
Ukuzibandakanya Komphakathi: Ukuthuthukisa Izakhamizi Zendawo
Umthelela wezinzwa zokukala imvula udlulela nangale kohulumeni bomasipala; baphinde bahlomise imiphakathi. Amadolobha amaningi abambisene nezinhlangano zasendaweni ukufaka nokugcina lezi zinzwa, okudala umuzwa wobunikazi phakathi kwabahlali. Ngokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi ekuqapheni imvelo, amadolobha angahlakulela isiko lokubhekana nezinhlekelele ezihlobene nesimo sezulu.
E-Medellín, e-Colombia, uhlelo olusungulwe emazingeni aphansi olwaziwa ngokuthi"Lluvia y Ciudad"(I-Rain and City) ihlanganisa amavolontiya endawo ekumiseni nasekulawuleni izinzwa zegeji yemvula ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Lokhu kubambisana akuzange kunikeze idatha ebalulekile kuphela kodwa kuphinde kwavusa izingxoxo mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, nokusimama kwedolobha.
U-Alvaro Pérez, umholi womphakathi waseMedellín, waphawula, “Ukuxhumana nomphakathi kuwenza ukuqaphele kakhudlwana ukongiwa kwamanzi nokubaluleka kwemikhuba eqhubekayo.
Ukubhekana Nezinselele: Indlela Engaphambili
Naphezu kwentuthuko ethembisayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa zegeji yemvula ekuhleleni amadolobha kunezinselele. Izinkinga ezinjengokufinyeleleka kwedatha, ukufunda nokubhala kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kokulungiswa kufanele kubhekwane nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside kwalezi zinhlelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi yokugcwala ngokweqile kwedatha. Njengoba kunezinzwa eziningi ezihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lolwazi, abahleli bedolobha kanye nabathatha izinqumo kufanele bakhe izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlaziya nokusebenzisa idatha ngezindlela eziphusile. Ubambiswano phakathi kwamanyuvesi, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya kubalulekile ekwakheni izinhlaka zokuhlaziya idatha ezingaqhuba inqubomgomo nesenzo esisebenzayo.
Umbono Wekusasa
Njengoba amadolobha kulo lonke elaseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu eqhubeka nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe, indima yezinzwa zegeji yemvula izokhula kuphela. Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwandisa imvamisa namandla emvula, lezi zisetshenziswa zizobaluleka ekusizeni amadolobha ukuthi azivumelanise nezimo futhi achume endaweni eshintsha ngokushesha.
Sengiphetha, ukufakwa kwezinzwa zokukala imvula akukhona nje ukulinganisa imvula—kubonisa indlela yokucabanga kusengaphambili yokuhlela idolobha kanye nokulungela izinhlekelele. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, ukubandakanya imiphakathi, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusimama, amadolobha eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu awagcini nje ngokubhekana nezivunguvungu kodwa alungiselela ukuhlangabezana nazo ngqo. Njengoba izindawo zasemadolobheni ziguqukela ekubeni amadolobha ahlakaniphile, ukuna kwemvula ngeke kusaba amandla angenakubikezelwa kodwa amaphuzu abalulekile okuqhuba izinqumo zekusasa elisimeme.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-21-2025