Esigabeni esibucayi lapho ezolimo ezihlakaniphile zishintsha kusukela emqondweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni okuvuthiwe, idatha yemvelo enobukhulu obulodwa ayisanele ukusekela izinqumo zezolimo eziyinkimbinkimbi neziguquguqukayo. Ubuhlakani beqiniso buvela ekuboneni nasekuqondeni okuhlelekile kwazo zonke izakhi zokukhula kwezitshalo. Inkampani ye-HONDE ihlanganisa ngobuhlakani izinzwa zomhlabathi zemisebe ezisebenzayo nge-photosynthesis neziteshi zezulu zezolimo ezinamapharamitha amaningi ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokuqonda oluhamba phambili embonini "lwesikhala nomhlabathi". Lolu hlelo alugcini nje ngokulinganisa "ukufakwa kwamandla" okuvela esibhakabhakeni kanye "nokunikezwa kwezinsiza" okuvela endaweni yezimpande engaphansi komhlaba ngokulandelana, kodwa futhi lwembula ukuxhumana kwazo kwangaphakathi ngokuxhumana kwedatha. Lunikeza ikhambi eliphelele ledijithali lokukhiqiza kwezolimo, kusukela "empendulweni engenzi lutho" kuya "ekulawulweni okusebenzayo".
I. Uhlelo Olune-Core Embili: Ukunquma isisekelo samandla nezinto ezibonakalayo zokukhula kwesitshalo
1. Umbono osekelwe esikhaleni: Isiteshi Sezulu Sezolimo se-HONDE Multi-parameter – Ukuthwebula isimo sezulu esincane kanye nemithombo yamandla
Ukuqapha okuyinhloko: Ukulinganisa okunembile kwemisebe esebenzayo ngokwe-photosynthesis, izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nomswakama, isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso, imvula kanye nokucindezela komoya.
Inani eliyingqayizivele
Ukulinganiswa kwamandla okukhanya: Inzwa ye-PAR ilinganisa ngqo ukukhanya kwe-quantum flux etholakalayo ye-photosynthesis yezitshalo, ihlinzeka ngenani langempela lokuhlola amandla okukhiqizwa kwamandla okukhanya kanye nokuqondisa ukukhanya/umthunzi okwengeziwe.
I-Canopy microclimate: Iqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nomoya ekuphakameni kwe-canopy yezitshalo, okuhlobene ngqo nokuphefumula, ingozi yezifo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwempova.
Isikhungo sezexwayiso zenhlekelele: Isexwayiso sangesikhathi sangempela sezulu esibi njengesithwathwa, imimoya eshisayo neyomile, kanye nemvula enkulu.
2. Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo: Inzwa ye-HONDE ye-photosoil – Amandla acacile amanzi, umanyolo, ukukhanya nokushisa endaweni yezimpande
Ukuqapha okuyinhloko: Ngokusekelwe ekulinganisweni komswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nosawoti, ihlanganisa ngobuhlakani izinzwa ze-spectral zenhlabathi ezisendaweni ukuze ihlole ngokungaqondile imisebenzi yamagciwane kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni yezimpande (kwamanye amamodeli), futhi isebenzisana nedatha yokukhanya kwe-canopy.
Inani eliyingqayizivele
Ukuxhumanisa kwe-photothermal yendawo yezimpande: Ngokuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kanye nokukhanya kwekhanophi, hlaziya ithonya lokushisa lomhlabathi ekuhlumeni kwembewu kanye namandla ezimpande.
Ukuxilongwa kokuxhumanisa ukukhanya kwamanzi: Uma kunokukhanya okwanele kodwa umswakama wenhlabathi unganele, uhlelo luhlonza ngokunembile isimo "sokungcola kwamandla okukhanya", luqalise imiyalelo yokunisela, futhi lukhulise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okukhanya.
Ii. Izicelo Ezibambisene: Izimo Zobuhlakani Bedatha lapho 1+1>2
1. Ukuphathwa kokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis
Isimo: Uhlelo lubala umsebenzi wokukhiqiza “wokushisa kwamanzi akhanyayo” ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma inani le-PAR liphezulu, umswakama wenhlabathi wanele futhi izinga lokushisa lifanelekile, kunqunywa “njengesikhathi sewindi se-photosynthesis esifanele”, futhi isivuno sisesimweni sokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Isinqumo: Khuthaza ochwepheshe bezolimo ukuthi bagweme imisebenzi yezolimo engaphazamisa i-photosynthesis (njengokufafaza izibulala-zinambuzane) phakathi nalesi sikhathi sefasitela, noma sebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukwengeza umanyolo obalulekile wamaqabunga.
2. Amamodeli athuthukile okunisela okuhlakaniphile
Ngale kokunisela umswakama wenhlabathi okuvamile: Izinto ezibangela ukunisela azisekho kuphela ezisekelweni zomswakama wenhlabathi. Uhlelo lwethula "isidingo sokuhwamuka" kanye "nokutholakala kwamandla okukhanya" njengezinto zokulungisa.
Ukwenziwa lula kwefomula: Isincomo sokunisela = f (umswakama wenhlabathi, ukushiswa kwezitshalo okubhekiselwe kukho, imisebe esebenzayo nge-photosynthesis).
Icala: Ezinsukwini ezinamafu (i-PAR ephansi, ukushiswa kwe-evapotranspiration okuncane), ukunisela kungabambezeleka ngokufanele noma ngabe umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi kancane komkhawulo. Ntambama enelanga (ene-PAR ephezulu kanye nokushiswa kwe-evapotranspiration okuphezulu), isu lokuzalisa amanzi ngokushesha liyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ikhefu lasemini elenziwa nge-photosynthesis. Kulindeleke ukuthi izinzuzo zokonga amanzi zingathuthukiswa ngo-5-15%.
3. Ukunemba kwendawo nesikhathi ekubikezeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo
Isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi esiqhutshwa yimodeli: Amamodeli okuvela kwezifo (njenge-downy mildew) adinga isikhathi sokumanzisa amaqabunga okuqhubekayo kanye namazinga okushisa athile. Uhlelo lubala ngokunembile "isikhathi somswakama wobuso bamaqabunga" ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kanye nomswakama ovela esiteshini sezulu. Uma lusondela emkhawulweni wemodeli yokuqubuka kwesifo, lukhipha izexwayiso ezihlukile ngokuhlanganiswa nedatha yenzwa yenhlabathi (njengomswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi uzokwandisa umswakama wekhanophi).
Isiqondiso esinembile sokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane: Ngokusekelwe kudatha yesivinini somoya yesikhathi sangempela, ifasitela lokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane elifanele livaliwe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubhekiselwa kudatha ye-PAR (ukugwema ukuhwamuka okusheshayo kwesisombululo sezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphansi kokukhanya okunamandla) kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi (ukuvimbela ukungena ngomshini emhlabathini lapho inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu), okufeza umphumela omuhle womhlaba wonke wokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuphepha.
4. Ukulawulwa kwe-closed loop kwezolimo zezikhungo
Ukuqonda kokulawula okuxhumene: Endlini yokugcina izinto ehlakaniphile, uhlelo lwakha "ubuchopho bokuqonda" bokulawula imvelo.
Ukukhanya nokushisa okwengeziwe ebusika: Uma i-PAR iphansi kunenani elibekiwe futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liphansi, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa phansi ziyavuselelwa ngokuxhumana.
Umoya wokungenisa umoya nokupholisa ehlobo: Uma izinga lokushisa langaphakathi liphezulu kakhulu noma i-PAR inamandla kakhulu, i-skylight izovulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo bese kuqaliswa ifeni yekhethini elimanzi. Uma umswakama wenhlabathi unganele, kuzoqaliswa ukupholisa nge-micro-sprinkler.
Iii. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenani Ledatha: Kusukela Esiqondisweni Sokusebenza Kuya Ekuthuthukisweni Kwamasu
Ukulinganiswa kwamamodeli okukhula kanye nokubikezela isivuno: Isethi yedatha ehambisanayo "yesikhala-phansi" eqoqwe isikhathi eside iyimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu yokulinganisa amamodeli okulingisa ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukunemba kokubikezela kokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa ngaphezu kuka-30%.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobo nezilinganiso zezolimo: Ekuhlolweni kokuqhathanisa izinhlobo, umehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhanya, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinsiza zamanzi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ungahlaziywa ngokungenaphutha, futhi imiphumela yangempela yezilinganiso zezolimo ezifana nokufaka i-mulch kanye nokutshala eduze ingahlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesinki sekhabhoni kanye nesitifiketi esiluhlaza: Idatha enembile yemisebe esebenzayo ngokwenziwa kwe-photosynthesis kanye nokukhula inikeza isisekelo sesayensi sokulinganisa amandla okuthathwa kwekhabhoni kwezindawo zemvelo zasemapulazini, okusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi esinki sekhabhoni yezolimo kanye nesitifiketi semikhiqizo yezolimo eluhlaza.
Iv. Icala Lobufakazi: Izinhlelo Zokubambisana Ziqhuba Ikhwalithi Evelele Ezivinini
Indawo yokwenza iwayini eBordeaux, eFrance, ephishekela ubuhle, isebenzise uhlelo lwe-HONDE “sky-Earth”. Ngokuhlaziya idatha yesizini yokukhula, indawo yokwenza iwayini ithole:
Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kombala, lapho umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi kokucindezeleka okuncane (kuqashwe yizinzwa zenhlabathi) futhi kunokukhanya kwelanga okwanele emini (kuqashwe yiziteshi zezulu), ukuqongelela kwezinto ze-phenolic ezithelweni zamagilebhisi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokusebenzisa “ukunisela ngokucindezeleka” okulawulwa ngokunembile uhlelo, izimo zokuxhumanisa amanzi nokukhanya okuhle zadalwa ngezikhathi ezibucayi.
Ekugcineni, iwayini lakudala lithole amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu ekunambithekeni okungaboni, kanye nokwakheka komzimba walo kanye nobunzima obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Umenzi wewayini oyinhloko wefektri yewayini uthe, “Esikhathini esidlule, besithembele kokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nesimo sezulu ukuze ‘sigembule’, kodwa manje sithembele kudatha ukuze ‘siklame’ ukunambitheka.” Lolu hlelo lusenza sikwazi ukuqonda imithetho yemvelo ngemuva kwekhwalithi evelele.”
Isiphetho
Uhlobo oluphelele lwezolimo ezihlakaniphile ukwakha i-ecosystem yedijithali ehambisana kahle nemvelo. Uhlelo lokuqonda ngokubambisana lwe-HONDE “Space-Earth” luyingqalasizinda eyinhloko eholela kuleli kusasa. Alusabheki isimo sezulu kanye nomhlabathi njengezinto zokuqapha ezihlukanisiwe, kodwa luphelele, luchaza ngokuguquguqukayo “indlela ukukhanya kwelanga okuqhuba ngayo ukumuncwa kwezimpande” kanye “nendlela amanzi alawula ngayo ifektri yamaqabunga”. Lokhu kuphawula ukuguquka kokuphathwa kwezolimo kusukela “ekusebenzeni kwebhokisi elimnyama” ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kuya enkathini “yokulawulwa kwebhokisi elimhlophe” ngokusekelwe kumamodeli angokwenyama nawomzimba. Ngokuvumela isibhakabhaka nomhlaba ukuthi kuxoxiswane ezingeni ledatha, i-HONDE inika amandla abalimi bomhlaba wonke ukuthi basebenzise ubunzima bemvelo ngokuqiniseka kwesayensi futhi babhale isahluko esisha sezolimo ezikhiqiza kakhulu, ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisimeme kuwo wonke amasentimitha omhlaba.
Mayelana ne-HONDE: Njengomholi ekuhlinzekeni ngezixazululo eziphelele zezolimo ezihlakaniphile, i-HONDE izibophezele ekuguquleni izindawo zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamapulazi zibe amamodeli edijithali ahlaziywayo, alingiswayo, futhi alungiselelwe ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ezinzwa ahlanganisa izinhlangothi eziningi, asebenzisana kakhulu kanye nama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa. Sikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi kuphela ngokuqonda ngesikhathi esisodwa "ulimi lweZulu" kanye "nomnyombo woMhlaba" lapho singakhulula khona ngempela amandla okuphila azo zonke izitshalo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 11-2025