Enkambisweni yokuguqula ezolimo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kusukela ekuphathweni okubanzi kuya kwezolimo ezinembile eziqhutshwa idatha, inkinga eyisisekelo yokuqonda itholakala eqinisweni lokuthi ukuqapha inhlabathi yendabuko kuvame ukuma endaweni engaphezulu (amasentimitha ayi-10-20), futhi kunolwazi oluncane mayelana nezici ezibalulekile ezinquma ukumelana nesomiso, ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba kanye nempilo yezimpande zezitshalo - ukunyakaza okuqondile kanye nokusatshalaliswa komswakama wenhlabathi. Umjikelezo wemvula enamandla kanye nokuhwamuka, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi okuhlukahlukene kanye nokutshalwa okubanzi kwezitshalo ezijulile ezindaweni ezishisayo kwenza ukuguquguquka kwamanzi kumaphrofayili enhlabathi kube nzima kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuqapha izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi olunezingqimba eziningi (izingqimba ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-9) lwe-HONDE olungenziwa ngokwezifiso kanye nephrofayili yomswakama luhlinzeka abalimi baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia "imephu ye-CT yomswakama" kusukela ebusweni kuya endaweni yezimpande ezijulile ngamakhono ayo okuqonda okujulile okuguqukayo, okuguqula ukuguquguquka okufihliwe komhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba kube ukuhlakanipha okuqondile kwezolimo okungasuswa.
I. Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zokulima Kwezindawo Ezishisayo: Kungani Kudingeka “Umbono Wengxenye”?
Ukusimama kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphumelelayo kwezolimo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kubhekene nezinselele ezihlukile zamanzi enhlabathini:
Ukushintshana okukhulu kwezimo ezomile nezimanzi: Ngemva kwemvula enkulu, amanzi ageleza ngokushesha, futhi ngesikhathi sesomiso, amanzi ajulile agcwalisa kabusha phezulu. Izinzwa zendabuko ze-single-point azikwazi ukulandelela le nqubo yokufuduka eqonde phezulu.
Izidingo zokuphatha izitshalo ezinezimpande ezijulile: Izihlahla ezikhula kahle njengesundu samafutha, irabha, umango, nekhofi zinezimpande ezimunca amanzi eziphumelelayo ezingafinyelela ekujuleni kwemitha eli-1 noma ngisho namamitha amabili. Ukuqapha ungqimba olungaphezulu kuphela kungaholela ekuphambukeni okukhulu ezinqumweni zokunisela.
Ukungafani kwenhlabathi okunamandla: Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esifanayo, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi ekujuleni okuhlukene (njengomhlabathi onesihlabathi kanye nezingqimba zobumba) kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, okuholela ezinguqukweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ekungeneni kwamanzi kanye namandla okugcina endaweni eqondile.
Ukuvuza kwamanzi kanye nengozi kasawoti: Ukunisela ngokweqile okuholela ekukhishweni kwamanzi okujulile kanye nezakhamzimba, kanye nokwanda kukasawoti ezindaweni ezomile ezinamanzi amancane, kokubili kuyizinqubo ezenzeka kumaphrofayili enhlabathi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ulwazi oluqhubekayo lwephrofayili yokwehluka kwamanzi ngokujula kunedatha yamaphuzu ambalwa ahlukene kuyimfuneko yokufeza ukuphathwa kwamanzi nomanyolo ngokwesayensi yangempela, ukumelana nesomiso kanye nokugcinwa komswakama, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ii. Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Uhlelo Lokuqapha Iphrofayili Ye-HONDE Yezingqimba Eziningi
Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa umklamo omusha “wethubhu elilodwa, izendlalelo eziningi”, oluhlanganisa amayunithi amaningi okuzwa anokunemba okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwethubhu le-probe eliqinile elifakwe unomphela ukuze kufezwe ukuqapha kwephrofayili eqondile okungonakalisi, okungaphakathi, kanye nokwesikhathi eside.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okujulile kanye nokulungiselelwa okuguquguqukayo: Abasebenzisi bangakhetha ngokuguquguquka ukulungiselelwa kokuqapha kwezingqimba ezingu-3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 noma ngisho nezingu-9 * ngokusekelwe ekujuleni okuyinhloko kokusatshalaliswa kwezimpande zesitshalo esiqondiwe, izici zenhlabathi kanye nezidingo zocwaningo. Ukulungiselelwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi: 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 70cm, 100cm, noma eziminyene kakhulu ngengqimba eyodwa njalo ngo-10/15 cm.
Ukuqapha iphrofayili yamapharamitha amaningi ahambisanayo: Okuqukethwe kwamanzi omthamo wenhlabathi kanye nokushisa kwenhlabathi kulinganiswa ngasikhathi sinye kungqimba ngayinye. Amanye amamodeli athuthukile angandiswa ukuze kulinganiswe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla (okuqukethwe usawoti), kwakha iphrofayili enama-three-dimensional yamanzi, ukushisa kanye nosawoti.
Umklamo we-Tubular kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside: Iyunithi yesensa ifakwa ngaphakathi kwepayipi elivikelayo futhi ilinganisa nenhlabathi ngokuhlangana okungaqondile, igwema umonakalo noma ukufuduka okubangelwa ukufinyela kwenhlabathi, ukwanda noma ukulinywa kwezinzwa zendabuko ezifakiwe. Ukuqina kwedatha kwesikhathi eside kuhle kakhulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-inthanethi yezinto kanye nokuboniswa kwedatha: Idatha idluliselwa efwini ngobuchwepheshe obungenantambo obunamandla aphansi (LoRaWAN/4G). Ipulatifomu ingabonisa ngesikhathi sangempela imephu yephrofayili noma imephu ye-depth-curve yomswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokushisa, iveze ngokubonakalayo ukunyakaza kohlangothi lwamanzi, izinguquko kungqimba lokumunca amanzi ezimpandeni kanye ne-gradient yokushisa.
Iii. Ukusetshenziswa Okujulile Ezimweni Zezolimo Ezihlukahlukene eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Ukunisela okunembile kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi kanye nomanyolo wezithelo zemifino yezomnotho ezihlala isikhathi eside
Ukusetshenziswa: Emasimini esundu, erabha, nasezivandeni zezithelo, faka ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-2 ukuze uqaphe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezinhlelo zawo zezimpande ezijulile.
Inani
Nquma ukujula kanye nenani lokunisela: Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi okunisela angamanzisa ungqimba lwempande olusebenzayo oluyinhloko (njengamasentimitha angu-40-80), kunokuba uhlale nje ungqimba olungaphezulu. Gwema uhlelo lwempande oluntanta phezulu kanye nokwehla kokumelana nesomiso okubangelwa ukunisela okungajulile.
Ukuhlola izindawo zokugcina amanzi ezijulile: Ngesikhathi sesomiso, qonda ngokucacile amandla okugcina amanzi enhlabathi ejulile ukuze unqume ukuthi izitshalo zingawasebenzisa yini amanzi ajulile, ngaleyo ndlela zibambezele noma zinciphise ukuchelela futhi zonge imithombo yamanzi eyigugu.
Lungiselela indawo yokufaka umanyolo: Faka amanzi nomanyolo ekujuleni kwengqimba yezimpande ezimunca amanzi ukuze uthuthukise ukusetshenziswa nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokukhipha amanzi.
2. Ucwaningo Nokuphathwa Kokujikeleza Kwamanzi Ezinhlelweni Zokujikeleza Ilayisi Nezindawo Ezomile
Ukusetshenziswa: Emasimini okujikeleza irayisi nezindawo ezomile (njengommbila), isetshenziselwa ukuqapha yonke inqubo yokungena kwamanzi ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, ukwehla kwamanzi ngemva kokuba amanzi omile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi sezindawo ezomile.
Inani: Hlola ngokwesayensi inani lokuvuza kwamasimu elayisi, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokunisela okonga amanzi nokuvimbela ukugeleza okujulile kwezakhamzimba; Ukwahlulela ngesimo somswakama wenhlabathi ukuze kuqondiswe isikhathi sokuhlwanyela kwezitshalo zasemhlabathini owomile.
3. Ukuthuthukisa ungqimba lwempande kwezolimo zesikhungo kanye nemifino enenani eliphezulu
Ukusetshenziswa: Ezindlini zokugcina izitshalo noma ezindlini zokugcina izitshalo, ezitshalweni ezifana notamatisi namakhukhamba, kufanele kulungiselelwe ungqimba lokuqapha oluqinile (njengongqimba olulodwa njalo ngamasentimitha angu-15).
Inani: Lawula ngokunembile ukufana komswakama endaweni yezimpande ukuze uvimbele izindawo zasendaweni ukuthi zome kakhulu noma zibe manzi kakhulu. Ngokuhlaziya umsebenzi wezimpande ekujuleni okuhlukene, ukuphakama komugqa kanye nokujula kokuhlelwa kwetheyiphu yokunisela ngokuconsa kwalungiswa.
4. Ucwaningo ngokubuyiselwa kwemvelo kanye nokongiwa kwenhlabathi namanzi
Ukusetshenziswa: Qapha ukuguquguquka komswakama wenhlabathi ekujuleni okuhlukene ezingadini zetiye ezithambekele, ezindaweni ezivame ukuguguleka noma lapho kudingeka khona ukulungiswa kwezitshalo.
Inani: Hlola amandla okusebenzisa izitshalo emanzini enhlabathini ekujuleni okuhlukene, funda ubudlelwano phakathi kokungena kwemvula kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ebusweni, bese unikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha kwezinyathelo zokonga inhlabathi namanzi.
5. Ukubhekana nesomiso kanye nokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu
Ukusetshenziswa: Sungula inethiwekhi yokuqapha iphrofayili yomswakama wenhlabathi yesifunda.
Inani: Nikeza izexwayiso zesomiso zezingxenye ezahlukene zomhlabathi zeminyango kahulumeni yezolimo kanye nabalimi, uqondise ukulungiswa kokunisela nokuhlelwa kwezitshalo okumelana nesomiso, futhi uthuthukise ukumelana nesimo sezulu kwezolimo.
Iv. Izindinganiso Eziyinhloko: Kusukela “Kucatshangelwa Amaphuzu” Kuya “Ekuqondeni Okuyingxenye”
Ukuthatha izinqumo zesayensi ngokunisela: Ukushintsha kusuka “ekuniseleni umhlaba” kuya “ekuniseleni izimpande zezitshalo”, ukufeza ukutholakala kwamanzi okunembile ngokusekelwe ekujuleni, ngokuvamile kungandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi okunisela ngo-25-40%.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo yezitshalo kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka: Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezimpande ezijulile kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono lesitshalo lokubekezelela isomiso sesizini.
Nciphisa imiphumela emibi kwezemvelo: Ngokulawula amanzi ukuthi angangeni ngaphansi kwesistimu yezimpande, ingozi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba okubangelwa umanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ingancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Izimpahla zedatha ezinenani eliphezulu zokukhiqiza nocwaningo lwesayensi: Idatha yephrofayili yenhlabathi eqoqwe isikhathi eside iyisisetshenziswa esingenakufakwa esikhundleni nesibalulekile sokwenza ngcono amamodeli ezolimo, ukutshala izinhlobo ezimelana nesomiso, kanye nokwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi kwezolimo olunembile.
V. Icala Eliyisibonelo: Ukunisela Ngobusha Kwedatha Enezingqimba Eziningi Ukutshala Amafutha Emasimini Esundu
Ipulazi elikhulu lesundu likawoyela eMalaysia lifake uhlelo lokuqapha iphrofayili ye-HONDE enezitezi ezingu-7 (kufika kumamitha angu-1.6 ukujula) kwezinye izindawo. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwembula:
Ngemva kokunisela nge-sprinkler yendabuko, inani elikhulu lamanzi lihlala engqimbeni engaphezulu engu-0-30 cm, kuyilapho uhlelo oluyinhloko lwezimpande zesundu samafutha (40-100 cm) olumunca amanzi luthola inani elincane lamanzi.
2. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, inhlabathi ejulile engaphansi kwemitha eli-1 isaqukethe amanzi amaningi atholakalayo, kodwa ayisebenziseki ngokugcwele.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, bashintshe isu lokunisela libe ukunisela okujulile okuvamise ukuvama futhi bakwengeza ngokufaka inhlabathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka kwamanzi. Ngemva kokulungiswa, naphezu kokwehla okungu-30% kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela okuphelele, isivuno sezihlahla zesundu ezivuthiwe sahlala sizinzile, futhi ngenxa yezinhlelo zezimpande ezinempilo, ukuzivumelanisa kwazo nesizini eyomile kwathuthuka kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Endleleni yokuphishekela imigomo emithathu yokukhiqiza, ikhwalithi kanye nokusimama kwezinsiza kwezolimo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukuqonda okujulile ngezindawo zemvelo ezingaphansi komhlaba sekuyinto entsha yokuncintisana. Uhlelo lokuqapha iphrofayili yomswakama wenhlabathi olunezingqimba eziningi ze-HONDE, njenge-"probe ehlakaniphile" efakwe ekujuleni komhlaba, lwenza abalimi nabaphathi bakwazi ukubona ngokuqhubekayo nangokuqondayo uhambo oluqondile kanye nokuhlala kwamanzi enhlabathini okokuqala. Lwaqeda ukwenza izinqumo ezingaqondakali ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangaphandle futhi lwangenisa inkathi yokuphathwa okujulile nokunembile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela zengqimba yempande. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha, kodwa futhi nokuguqulwa okujulile kwezolimo zasezindaweni ezishisayo kusukela ekuphatheni "ngaphezu kobuso" kuya ekuphatheni i-ecosystem iyonke "ngaphansi kobuso". Ngokuqongelela okuqhubekayo kwedatha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamamodeli okuhlaziya i-AI, le mithombo yedatha yephrofayili yomhlabathi enemininingwane izoba yingqalasizinda yedijithali eyinhloko eqhuba ezolimo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukuthi ziphendule ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi zifinyelele ekuphepheni kwamanzi nokudla.
Mayelana ne-HONDE: Njengomholi kwezolimo ze-Internet of Things kanye nezixazululo zenhlabathi yedijithali, i-HONDE izinikele ekwembuleni nasekunikeni amandla izinqubo ezibalulekile ezingabonakali ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona obusha. Sinokuqonda okujulile kobunzima bezolimo zasezindaweni ezishisayo futhi sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende ngokusekelwa kwezinqumo zedatha ezihlanganisa yonke imijikelezo yokuphila kwezitshalo ngezixazululo zokuqapha ezizungezile kusukela kumaphuzu owodwa kuya ezingxenyeni kanye nasemigqeni ejulile. Ohambweni lokuvula amandla ezwe laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-HONDE izimisele ukwabelana ngemininingwane ejulile nawe ukuze yamukele ikusasa lezolimo ezinembile.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-25-2025